MTA-SZTE Research Group on Artificial Intelligence
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Efficacy and safety of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator in patients with and without obesity: An international, bicentric retrospective registry
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A Novel Shallow Neural Network-Augmented Pose Estimator Based on Magneto-Inertial Sensors for Reference-Denied Environments
Get PDFMagnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor-based inference is the de facto standard for mobile robot pose estimation, yet its sensor limitations necessitate fusion with absolute references. In environments where such references are unavailable, the system must rely solely on the uncertain MARG-based inference, posing significant challenges due to the resulting estimation uncertainties. This paper addresses the challenge of enhancing the accuracy of position/velocity estimations based on the fusion of MARG sensor data with shallow neural network (NN) models. The proposed methodology develops and trains a feasible cascade-forward NN to reliably estimate the true acceleration of dynamical systems. Three types of NNs are developed for acceleration estimation. The effectiveness of each topology is comprehensively evaluated in terms of input combinations of MARG measurements and signal features, number of hidden layers, and number of neurons. The proposed approach also incorporates extended Kalman and gradient descent orientation filters during the training process to further improve estimation effectiveness. Experimental validation is conducted through a case study on position/velocity estimation for a low-cost flying quadcopter. This process utilizes a comprehensive database of random dynamic flight maneuvers captured and processed in an experimental test environment with six degrees of freedom (6DOF), where both raw MARG measurements and ground truth data (three positions and three orientations) of system states are recorded. The proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy in calculating the rotation matrix-based acceleration vector. The Pearson correlation coefficient reaches 0.88 compared to the reference acceleration, surpassing 0.73 for the baseline method. This enhancement ensures reliable position/velocity estimations even during typical quadcopter maneuvers within 10-s timeframes (flying 50 m), with a position error margin ranging between 2 to 4 m when evaluated across a diverse set of representative quadcopter maneuvers. The findings validate the engineering feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach for pose estimation in GPS-denied or landmark-deficient environments, while its application in unknown environments constitutes the main future research direction
Introduction of the EuPRAXIA Project
Get PDFEuPRAXIA is an acronym meaning “European Plasma Research Accelerator with Excellence in Applications” which almost completely explains the goals and purposes of the project. EuPRAXIA aims at planning and constructing two state-of-the-art accelerator facilities based on current plasma accelerator technologies. Plasma-based accelerators make it possible to radically reduce the facility size and overall costs compared to current radio-frequency (RF) accelerators. The two planned facilities — the first is beam-driven and the second is laser-driven — are envisioned to provide electron beams in the energy range of 1–5 GeV, and with beam parameters and quality comparable to the existing RF machines. In the following, we give a short overview of the status of the project in February 2025. Finally, we give a short overview of the possible Hungarian contributions to the EuPRAXIA project
A hagyományos dohányzás lakáson belüli tiltásának prevalenciája és összefüggő tényezői Magyarországon 2009-ben és 2022-ben [Prevalence and correlates of indoor smoking bans on traditional tobacco use in Hungary in 2009 and 2022]
Get PDFBevezetés: A dohányzás lakáson belüli tiltása csökkenti a másodlagos dohányfüstnek való kitettséget, megelőzi a rászokást, és elősegíti a leszokást. Magyarországon kevés adat áll rendelkezésre a dohányfüstmentes háztartási szabályok időbeli változásáról és korrelátumairól. Célkitűzés: A hagyományos dohányzás lakáson belüli önkéntes tiltásának prevalenciáját, időbeli trendjét és szociodemográfiai korrelátumait feltáró vizsgálat. Módszer: Két 2009-ben és egy 2022-ben felvett kérdőíves kutatás adatainak másodelemzését végeztük el. Az elemzési egység a háztartás volt. Z-próbát, Cochran–Armitage-trendtesztet és binomiális logisztikus regressziót alkalmaztunk átlagos marginális hatásérték (AME) számításával. Eredmények: A dohányzás lakáson belüli teljes tiltásának aránya 2009 és 2022 között 60,6%-ról 75,1%-ra emelkedett (h = 0,3; p<0,01) Magyarországon. Ennek ellenére 2022-ben a 18 év alatti gyermekek 25,2%-a (95% CI 22,5–28,0%) továbbra is olyan háztartásban élt, ahol megengedett volt a beltéri dohányzás. A pénzügyi nehézségek (AME ≈ –0,09 – –0,01) és a legalább egy dohányzó háztartástag (AME ≈ –0,42 – –0,30) minden modellben negatív hatást mutatott. 18 éven aluli gyermek jelenléte a háztartásban enyhén növelte a teljes tiltás valószínűségét (AME ≈ 0,02–0,10). Megbeszélés: Bár a lakáson belüli tiltás terén javulás tapasztalható, a 18 éven aluliakat továbbra sem védi megfelelően a beltéri dohányfüsttől minden magyar háztartás. Következtetés: Eredményeink célzott egészségkommunikációs és intervenciós beavatkozások szükségességére hívják fel a figyelmet, különösen a hátrányos helyzetű és dohányzó taggal rendelkező gyermekes háztartások körében. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(46): 1818–1826. | Introduction: Voluntary bans on smoking inside the home reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, prevent smoking
uptake, and support cessation. In Hungary, limited data are available on the temporal changes and correlates of
smoke-free household rules.
Objective: To examine the prevalence, temporal trend, and sociodemographic correlates of voluntary bans on tradi-
tional tobacco smoking inside the home.
Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from two surveys in 2009 and one in 2022. The unit of analysis
was the household. We applied Z-tests, Cochran–Armitage trend tests, and binomial logistic regression with calcula-
tion of average marginal effects (AMEs).
Results: The proportion of households with a complete ban on smoking inside the home increased in Hungary from
60.6% in 2009 to 75.1% in 2022 (h = 0.3; p<0.01). Nevertheless, in 2022, 25.2% (95% CI: 22.5–28.0%) of children
under the age of 18 still lived in households where smoking inside the home was allowed. Financial difficulties (AME ≈ –0.09 to –0.01) and the presence of a smoker in the household (AME ≈ –0.42 to –0.30) had a negative
association in all models. The presence of a child under 18 years slightly increased the likelihood of a complete ban
(AME ≈ 0.02 to 0.10).
Discussion: Although there has been improvement, minors are still not adequately protected from indoor tobacco
smoke in all Hungarian households.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for targeted health communication and intervention programmes, par-
ticularly among disadvantaged households with children and at least one smoker
Health Status Outcomes With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in ISCHEMIA
Get PDFIn ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches), an invasive strategy demonstrated better health status outcomes than a conservative strategy in patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD). Some previous studies have shown greater health status benefits with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether the health status benefits of invasive management in ISCHEMIA were driven primarily by participants treated with CABG is unknown.The aim of this analysis was to describe the health status outcomes of participants treated with a conservative strategy (n=2232) compared with invasively managed participants treated with PCI (n=1198) or CABG (n=340) in ISCHEMIA. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire-7 summary score (SAQ-SS) and angina frequency score (SAQ-AF) were the primary outcomes, with higher scores indicating better health status. Proportional odds models comparing 1- and 3-year outcomes were fit, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics.SAQ-SS in the conservative, PCI, and CABG groups increased by 9.9±18.1, 15.7±19.3, and 16.1±19.1 points at 1 year and 11.5±20.2, 16.5±21.8, and 15.0±19.4 points at 3 years, respectively. Freedom from angina in the conservative, PCI, and CABG groups was noted in 61.4%, 73.3%, and 82.4% at 1 year and 70.4%, 76.1%, 81.4% at 3 years, respectively. In risk-adjusted analyses, PCI and CABG were each associated with a higher SAQ-SS and SAQ-AF at 1 and 3 years compared with conservative management. SAQ-AF was higher with CABG than PCI at 1 year (odds ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.03, 2.31]), but no differences between CABG and PCI were observed in SAQ-SS (odds ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.78, 1.57]) or SAQ-AF (odds ratio, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.58, 1.54]) at 3 years.In ISCHEMIA, both PCI and CABG were associated with better 3-year health status than conservative management. Better angina relief with CABG than PCI was seen at 1, but not 3, years.URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01471522
