Makara Journal of Health Research
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Jamu Cekok Components for Treating Children Have No Appetite: An Ethnomedicine Approach
No full textJamu is used in an effort to treat patiens with a traditional herbal medicine, which is well known among the community. The jamu is widely used for trating light health problems, preventing illness, increasing the endurance and the health of the body, besides for cosmetic reasons. Jamu cekok is a kind of jamu used in Yogyakarta, especially for children , given by forcing the mixture into the throat if children have no appetite. The aims of the article are to know the components of jamu cekok and also to know the jamu cekok use toward improving child health. The research took 5 Javanese families as informants. Additional informants is jamu cekok traditional shop and traditional herbalist. Data were obtained by interviews and observation during February to June 2003. Analysis data was descriptive using medical anthropology approach. The essential components of jamu cekok, called empon-empon are curcuma xanthorriza Robx (temulawak), Zingiber Americans l. (lempuyang emprit), Tinospora tuberculata Beume (brotowali), Curcuma aeruginaosa Robx (temu ireng) and Carica papaya L. (papaya). The main aims to drink jamu cekok is to increase the appetive of the children because parents worried about the children growth and development. The children were threatened that they will be forced to drink jamu, if they did not want to consume food. The belief and suggestion factors of jamu cekok having special characteristics cause consumers become satisfied after giving jamu cekok to their children. Beside that, traditional medicine using natural ingredients regarded more secure and the price can be reached by common society. Drinking jamu cekok indicated that there is trend back to nature, which had possessed by their anchestor
Endothelial Dysfunction in Dengue Hemorhagic Fever
No full textDengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is characterized by fever, bleeding, and pleural effusion which may be caused by increased vascular permeability. Based on these findings it is assumed that endothelial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of DHF. The aims of this study was to know whether endothelial dysfunction occurs in DHF by measuring sVCAM-1, vWF, and D dimer. The relationship between endothelial dysfunction and severity of the disease would also be analyzed. This was a cross sectional study which involved 31 DHF patients and 30 non DHF fever patients as control group. The level of sVCAM-1 was determined by ELISA method, vWF by enzyme linked fluorescent assay , and D dimer by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The results indicated that mean of sVCAM-1 level in DHF group and control group were 1323 ng/mL and 1003 ng/mL, while standard deviation (SD) were 545 ng/mL and 576 ng/mL respectively. The mean of vWF level in DHF group and control group were 284% and 327%, with SD 130% and 141% respectively. The level of sVCAM-1 did not correlate with platelet count, albumin level, D dimer level and severity of disease. There was a weak correlation between vWF level with D dimer and severity of disease ( r = 0,472 and r = -0,450 ). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that endothelial dysfunction occurs in DHF, but there is no correlation between sVCAM-1 with severity of disease, only a weak correlation between vWF with D dimer and severity of disease is found
Hospital Wastes Water Management in Jakarta February 2006
No full textHospital as a health facilities, serve ambulatory and hospitalized unhealthy community. Hospital operation and services could give negatif impact in to the environment such as environmental water pollution by un fullfil of hospital wastes water standard of disposal. Objective of this research is to identify the output of hospital wastes water treatment, whether it's fulfill in the government standard. Data have been collected using observation and discusstion methode throught the personnel in charge for the hospital wastes water treatment prosess. Extended aeration process is used in orther to treat hospital wastes water. Most of the hospital effluent parameter standar have been fulfill in by the process applied (pH, BOD, COD, TSS), except for the amonia (NH4) parameter is still obove the standard. This is the lack in sludge management process. Sluged management process (digester) should be improved in other to reduce amonia in the effluent up to the standard have been set up. Such as 10% of the sluged should be return in to the aeration process and the rest should be treated in sluged treatment process. 
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest CT in The Detection of Tumor and Nodal Status in Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
No full textAt this time there is an increasing demand for an accurate pre operative staging in non small cell lung cancer. Chest Computed Tomography (CT) is one of the imaging modality of choice used for this purpose. This study evaluated the accuracy of the chest CT to determine the status of the tumor and nodules in non small cell lung cancer. During the years 1998 and 1999, a descriptive prospective study of 32 patients undergoing a contrast enhanced chest CT examination for non small cell lung cancer, stage I-IIIA, was conducted. Lobectomy, lymph nodes dissection and postoperative histo-pathological examination were done. CT findings were as follows: a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 25% and an accuracy of 60% in the detection of the nodule stage were found. In 17 patients with adenocarcinoma, the sensitivity, the specificity and the accuracy were 86.6%, 100% and 88.2% respectively. The diagnosis of all patients was confirmed histo-pathologically. Six patients with T2 and 26 patients with T3 were detected by chest CT; the accuracy of the tumor status was 93.7%, confirmed by surgical and histo-pathological examinations. It was concluded that the CT played an important role in determining the clinical stage of non small cell lung cancer. The specificity and accuracy were higher in adeno-carcinoma as compared with squamous cell carcinoma in detecting the nodal status
The Effect of Medical Check-up and Basic Physical Activities Daily Living: Panel Study on among Indoesian Elderly 1993-2000
No full textIn the 21st Century, Indonesia becomes the fourth biggest ageing country in the World as reported by the Second World Assembly on Ageing (2002). The Indonesian Household Health Survey (2001) reported 88,9% of the elderly suffered from disability (including mild disability). In the US health services, medical check-up had significantly reduced disability from 22,1% in 1984 to 16% in 2002 (DHHS, 2003).The study has aims to confirm the relationship between medical check-up and basic physical activities daily living among elderly in Indonesia. Data used the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Those who were 55 years or older and active in 1993 were included for the study. In total, 1,541 were sampled. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were applied for modeling basic physical activities daily living. Among the sample, there were 1464 (89,54 %) in 2000 still active on basic physical activities daily living, and giving an incidence rate of 3.2% per year for limitation on basic physical activities daily living. This rate indicates that in a year, out of every 100 active elderly in Indonesia, between three and four elderly would have developed limited physical activity. The multivariate analysis showed that there were significant effects of medical check-up on maintaining in basic physical activities daily living among elderly (OR=1,85; 95% CI: 1,64 – 2,13). This suggests that elderly with routine medical check-up would have a chance to maintain their ability to perform daily activity almost twice compared to those who did not receive routine medical check-up
The Preparation of Liposomes derived from Mixed Micelles of Lecithin added by Sodium Cholate, followed by Dialysing using Hemoflow High Flux F60S
No full textLiposomes are used for drug carriers meaning that drugs are incorporated in the membrane or the vesicle of the liposomes. In this study, liposomes were prepared from mixed micelles, consisting of phosphatidylcholine, without or with cholesterol and sodium cholate was added in several ratios namely 0.44; 0.55; 0.63; 0.70; 0.90 and 1.10. After the preparation, the sodium cholate has been removed by a dialysis membrane, using the Hemoflow High Flux, which is generally used for haemodialysis. The Hemoflow High Flux is a tool in an effort to obtain a simple, quick, effective method for removing sodium cholate in the process of preparing liposomes. The effectiveness of this tool was proved by the particle size of the liposome which was measured by the Malvern Particle Sizer. The particle size of the liposome consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC) without cholesterol and with cholesterol was 63-68 nm at all ratios and approximately 125 nm at the ratio of 0.55; 0.63; 0.70, respectively. The particle size of the liposome tended to be smaller after dialyzing, although the concentration of lipids tended to increase. However, a large amount of buffer solution has to be used with this method
Not of all Schoolchildren Knows about Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
No full textMore than 30% dengue patients in Depok City were school age children. Infection does not always happened in school in which a child spend their time 25% of his time a day. School has strategic role in dengue control. It means that schoolchildren must have to adequate information so that its positive behavior. This quantitative study aims to assess information exposed and their knowledge in dengue vector control. Mean difference and correlation analyze were used in this study. Result of this study indicated that information exposed among schoolchildren and dengue knowledge were still lower
Nutrients Intake Pattern of a Minangkabau Ethnic Group
No full textThe high incidence of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors among various ethnic groups in Indonesia is possibly closely related to the nutrients intake pattern of groups in Indonesia especially the Minangkabau ethnic group. Therefore, a cross sectional study was implemented to describe the nutrients intake pattern of a Minangkabau ethnic group. To achieve the objective the required sample size of 480 was selected. The studied population consisted of adults aged 18 years and older, living in the city of Padang. This study used sub-samples of a Body Mass Index Survey in provinces of Indonesia. Data of actual food intake, collected through a 24-hours dietary recall method were used to estimate the nutrient intake pattern. The nutrients intake data showed that the Minangkabau ethnic group had a poor quality of dietary fat pattern and a high risk toward cardiovascular risk factors, especially concerning dyslipidemia. 
The Characteristic and Factors Related to Hypertension in Desa Bocor, Kecamatan Bulus Pesantren, Kabupaten Kebumen, Central Java, 2006
No full textHypertension is systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg /more on resting or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg / more on resting. This study using cross sectional methodology. The aim of this studis to acsess the characteristic and associated factors of hypertension in desa Bocor, Kabupaten Kebumen, Central Java Province. The population of this research is people who live in desa Bocor and had hypertension. Sample gathered by non random accidental sampling, and data was taken by interviewing, filled a quesioner and measurement of blood pressure. The result of this study show that mostly people in desa Bocor, Kabupaten Kebumen, Central Java Province categorize in hypertension grade I (53,93 %). We found associated factor: age (28,43 %), sex (30,39 %), income dietary factor (29,41 %). And we know that society needed to improve their knowledge of the hypertension, so that people can prevent hypertension and get a healthy life by reducing salt intake. 
The Effect of Drinking Tea to the Anemia among Elderly in Bandung
No full textThe objective of this study is to know the effect of tea to anemia iron deficiency among elderly people. The study population is the elderly people in Bandung City. The sampling was 132 elderly that were selected randomly in Sub District of Cicendo year 2005. Method of measuring hemoglobin is the sianmethemoglobin and the drinking tea was measured by 1 x 24 hours food record for seven days. The data was analysis using multiple logistic regression. The results of this study shows that rate of anemia among elderly people in Bandung is 47,7% (95%CI = 39%—56%) and about half of the elderly (49%) drinking tea every day (95%CI = 40%—58%). The elderly who drink tea every day have risk for anemia 92 times higher compared than those who did not drink tea (ORadj = 91.8, 95% CI = 8—221) after controlled for protein intake. If the drinking tea habit among elderly could be changed, the anemia could be reduced by 85% i.e. from 47.7% become 7.3%. In order to decrease anemia, it’s suggested to reduce their drinking tea habit or increase their protein intake. However, due to lack of their teeth’s functioning and low of their economic status, reducing their drinking tea habit is the best choice to decrease anemia among elderly.