Jurnal Biota
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Potentials of Predators of Weaver Ants Towards Caterpillar in Palm Plantation with The Test Preferences Method
Full text linkThe problem that arises in palm oil plantation operation on a huge scale is the appearance of caterpillar pest that attacks palm oil plants. There are several important pests that attack palm oil plants such as caterpillars which are the sort of Setora nitens. The appearance of the past becomes an important concern for the world’s plantation. How to eradicate the pest naturally is the performed effort. This effort can be done by using weaver ant. Weaver has the potential as the natural enemy of palm oil because they can be nesting in arboreal areas. So, this research object will focus on observing the weaver ant (Ocoephylla smaragdina) predator ability by using the forage preference test method toward several types of dominant pests in palm oil plants, especially caterpillars. Preference for choice and no-choice tests. The material used is an oil palm plantation with four species of caterpillar as the main pest on a palm plantation. The tool used in the test box amount to four in which each of the six different types of caterpillars are inserted. This research is conducted on a laboratory scale by using a complete random program experiment (CRP) and was conducted in April 2016 at Biology Laboratory UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. The research results show that the weaver ant (O. smaragdina) can prey on the S. nitens caterpillar the similarity test average is 87,50% by using a nonchoice technique. The choice methods O. smaragdina can be prey 41,67% S. nitens. In the similarity test average choice techniques are different (83,33%)
The Effect of Agung Semeru Banana Peel Extract as Biostimulation of Indegenous Bacteria in Reducing Ammonia
Full text linkAmmonia is one of the hazardous compounds, which is contained in the liquid waste of rubber factories. Ammonia waste can cause various kinds of pollution, one of which is water pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the agung semeru banana peel extract as additional nutrition for indigenous bacteria in reducing ammonia levels. This research was conducted in the Biology laboratory, PGRI Argopuro University, Jember. This study uses a simple bioreactor as a tool to determine the decrease in ammonia levels in various treatments. The treatment in this study was using different concentrations of different banana peel extracts (0%, 5%, 10%). Based on the analysis of research data, it showed that Agung Semeru banana peel extract as an additional nutrient for indigenous bacteria was effective in reducing ammonia levels. At 10% banana peel extract concentration, the lowest ammonia level was in the range of 0.25-0.5 compared to the control concentration, namely 2. The higher the concentration of banana peel extract given, the lower the ammonia content in rubber waste
GC-MS Analysis and In-silico Molecular Docking study of Skin Fruit Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Methanol Extract as Mosquito Repellent: english
Full text linkMalaria is an endemic disease that is still a problem globally, especially in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. People generally use mosquito repellents from synthetic materials, but they still cause effects and toxicity. Using active compounds from plants is an alternative to developing mosquito repellents. The 30 active compounds from the GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of Arabica coffee skin fruit and we selected the highest percentage compound, namely n-Hexadecanoic acid, Caffeine, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose and desulphosinigrin. The highest compounds were carried out by molecular docking with Odorant binding protein 1 (OBP1) as the protein target and N, N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) as the native ligand. Desulphosinigrin has the highest binding affinity, which is -6.2 Kcal/mol, close to the native ligand DEET. It can be concluded that the active compound desulphosinigrin has the potential as a repellent. This study concludes that active compounds from the methanol extract of Arabica coffee skin have the potential as a repellent
A Study on Identification and Population Status of Birds in the Campus of Rani Anna Government College Tirunelveli India
Full text linkBirds are the important components of the food chain. Birds are vertebrate warm-blooded animals. Birds are ideal bio-indicators and useful models for studying a variety of environmental problems. As increasingly more attention is now being given to ecological studies, the methods employed in field ornithology warrant a closer examination. While in the developed world there has been extensive research on the standardization of bird-count techniques. Population density is the size of a population in relation to a definite unit of space. It is generally expressed as the number of individuals or the populations’ biomass per unit area or volume in Campus of Rani Anna Government College, Tirunelveli India. There are a wide variety of field and statistical techniques for assessing animal abundance, which include complete counts, partial counts, and capture methods. The present study reports for 20 different bird species from 11 orders and 20 families were sighted from the selected sites in the hostel, ground and garden area in the college campus
Anti-Proliferative Compound Candidate of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria)
Full text linkMalignant disease or cancer progression burden the community after decades. This tumor formation or tumorigenesis involves cell proliferation. Protein Kinases (MAPK9s) is key proteins of regulating the growth and viability of cells physiologically and pathologically. Rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria or zedoary or white turmeric is used as a health supplement. The aim of this study was to obtained candidate proteins for anti-proliferative using the docking method between the protein MAPK9 and the active compound obtained from the crude extract of white turmeric i.e. demethoxycurcumin, curcumenol and germacrone. The result s hows that complex MAPK-demethoxycurcumin have the lowest binding affinity -8.4 Kkal/mol, while MAPK-curcumenol was -8 Kkal/mol, and MAPK-Germacrone was -6.2 Kkal/mol, it determined the potential activity cell proliferation.Penyakit ganas atau perkembangan kanker membebani masyarakat setelah beberapa dekade. Pembentukan tumor atau tumorigenesis ini melibatkan proliferasi sel. Protein Kinase (MAPK9s) adalah protein kunci yang mengatur pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup sel secara fisiologis dan patologis. Rimpang Curcuma zedoaria atau zedoary atau kunyit putih digunakan sebagai suplemen kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan calon protein antiproliferatif dengan metode docking antara protein MAPK9 dengan senyawa aktif yang diperoleh dari ekstrak kasar kunyit putih yaitu demethoxycurcumin, curcumenol dan germacrone. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompleks MAPK-demethoxycurcumin memiliki afinitas ikatan terendah -8.4 Kkal/mol, sedangkan MAPK-curcumenol -8 Kkal/mol, dan MAPK-Germacrone -6.2 Kkal/mol. Hal ini menentukan potensi aktivitas proliferasi sel.
Anti-proliferative
curcumenol
demethoxycurcumine
germacrone
in-silico
white turmeri
The Role of Galectin-3 in The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Full text linkRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects small joints, leading to joint inflammation, pain, and limited mobility. New biomarkers specific to RA could facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, while also enabling better monitoring of disease activity and treatment response. By ELISA, galectin-3 (gal-3) level was measured in 133 patients with inflammatory arthritis to determine the diagnostic value of gal-3 in the diagnosis of RA and evaluate the disease activity. Serum gal-3 levels were significantly higher in RA patients compared to patients with other types of inflammatory arthritis. According to CDAI, DAS-28 ESR, and DAS-28 CRP, gal-3 showed positive correlations with disease activity scores. Galectin-3 at a cut-off value of ≥ 2.4 ng/ml, revealed 89% sensitivity, 91% specificity, and an AUC of 0.893. There was a significant correlation between gal-3 and the age of RA patients, while no significant correlations were observed with gender, BMI, and smoking index. Notably, gal-3 levels correlated significantly with CRP, RF titer, and ACPA levels. Therefore, gal-3 can be considered a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of RA and evaluating the disease activity
Analisis Kualitas Eco-enzyme Berdasarkan Perbedaan Jaringan Tumbuhan
No full textThis research is focused on analyzing the quality of eco-enzymes based on differences in plant tissue on organic matter in the manufacture of eco-enzymes. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of eco-enzymes made from pineapple peel (dominated by epidermal tissue) and pineapple flesh (dominated by parenchyma tissue). This research method is an experimental method with 3 repetitions. This research was conducted from June 3, 2021, to July 3, 2021. Pineapple peel and pineapple flesh each with a ratio of 3 parts (as organic matter) were mixed with 1 part molasses and 10 parts clean water, then fermented for 1 month. Samples of eco-enzymes from pineapple peel and pineapple flesh were analyzed to compare the research parameters in the form of color, organic conditions, the position of organic matter, aroma, presence of pitera mushrooms, and pH. The results showed that the eco-enzyme gave rise to different parameters but both had good quality. However, in this study the eco-enzyme that had better quality was the eco-enzyme derived from pineapple flesh (dominated by parenchyma tissue). So, it can be said that the eco-enzyme produced from tissue dominated by parenchyma tissue has better quality than that which is dominated by epidermal tissue.Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis kualitas eco-enzyme berdasarkan perbedaan jaringan tumbuhan terhadap bahan organik dalam pembuatan eco-enzyme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kualitas eco-enzyme yang dibuat dari kulit nanas (didominasi oleh jaringan epidermis) dan daging nanas (didominasi oleh jaringan parenkim). Metode penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 3 Juni 2021 sampai dengan 3 Juli 2021. Kulit nanas dan daging buah nanas masing-masing dengan perbandingan 3 bagian (sebagai bahan organik) dicampur dengan 1 bagian tetes tebu dan 10 bagian air bersih, kemudian difermentasi selama 1 bulan. . Sampel eco-enzyme dari kulit nanas dan daging nanas dianalisis untuk membandingkan parameter penelitian berupa warna, kondisi organik, posisi bahan organik, aroma, keberadaan jamur pitera, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eco-enzyme memunculkan parameter yang berbeda tetapi keduanya memiliki kualitas yang baik. Namun pada penelitian ini eco-enzyme yang memiliki kualitas lebih baik adalah eco-enzyme yang berasal dari daging buah nanas (didominasi oleh jaringan parenkim). Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa eco-enzyme yang dihasilkan dari jaringan yang didominasi oleh jaringan parenkim memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik daripada yang didominasi oleh jaringan epidermis
Determination of Genetic Mutation Profile of drpr Gene in Drosophila melanogaster using High-Resolution Melting Analysis
No full textGenotype determination of experimental animals is generally conducted using sequencing methods that require expensive cost as well as experience and special equipment. This study aimed to determine the presence of drpr gene mutation in Drosophila melanogaster using coupled real time PCR-High Resolution Melting (real time PCR-HRM) as an alternative method. Two types of fly samples, w1118 and drprΔ5 were used as wildtype control and mutant genotype, respectively. The DNA from twenty of each w1118 and mutant drprΔ5 flies were isolated and amplified using real time PCR. The generated amplicons were then further processed by HRM method at the temperature of 60-95°C. This study demonstrated that the real time PCR-HRM method could distinguish wildtype control w1118 and mutant drprΔ5 based on the HRM data with the confidence level was more than 90%. Therefore, this study provides an evidence that real time PCR-HRM method might be beneficial to screen the mutant genotype from its wildtype counterpart based on differences in the melting temperatures due to changes at nucleotide base leve
Optimization of PCR Protocol for the Identification of Yeasts Isolated from Apis mellifera Honeycomb based on the ITS rDNA
No full textYeast is a microorganism that can be found in honeycomb. Yeast identification is a process to find and identify new species. One of which is molecular identification of yeast with rDNA sequences in the ITS region. Before carrying out molecular identification, it is necessary to optimize yeast DNA amplification methods to obtain good DNA sequences that ease the yeast identification process. The purpose of this study was to discover the optimum PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)protocols for the identification of yeasts isolated from Apis mellifera honeycomb based on the ITS rDNA. This study used 3 PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) protocols, i.e., from Kanti et al. (2018), Ediningsari (2008), and Maulana (2011). This results study shows that the optimum PCR protocol was from Maulana (2011), which produced clear and whole DNA fragment luminescences.Yeast is a microorganism that can be found in honeycomb. Yeast identification is a process to find and identify new species. One of which is molecular identification of yeast with rDNA sequences in the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region. Before carrying out molecular identification, it is necessary to optimize yeast DNA amplification methods to obtain good DNA sequences that ease the yeast identification process. The purpose of this study was to discover the optimum PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) protocols for the identification of yeasts isolated from Apis mellifera honeycomb based on the ITS rDNA. This study used 3 PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) protocols, i.e., from M-K18; M-E08; and M-M11. This results study shows that the optimum PCR protocol was from M-M11 which produced clear and whole DNA fragment luminescences.  
Stemonitis pallida; Myxomycetes Berbentuk Korek Batang dari Jawa Barat, Indonesia
No full textSlime molds, Myxomycetes, or Mycetozoa are Protozoan that produces fruiting body similar to micro-fungi. The fruiting bodies mostly are tiny goblets, globes, plumes, or other shapes that are difficult to characterize. In IPB University, many myxomycetes were found on the rotten wood. One of them is the Stemonitis specimen Bogor2020. The shape has an intricate form as a matchstick shape. The Stemonitis specimen Bogor2020 has a blackish stalk with 2-2.5 mm in height. The spore is finely globose with 6.7x6.7 µm in diameter, and with baculae ornamentation. The identification used morphological study using Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSys) software. Six species from Stemonitis (Stemonitis ferruginea, S. flavogenita, S. pallida, S. herbatica, S. splendens, and S. webberi) were used as Stemonitis references for SAHN cladogram. Ceratiomyxa arbuscula which is the same as the Myxomycetes group was chosen as an outgroup. The 30 biner data were used for the SAHN cladogram analysis. The SAHN cladogram shows that Stemonitis specimen Bogor2020 is classified as Stemonitis pallida. The main characters that strongly group them are spore surface, spore size, stalk color, and stalk size. Modern taxonomy in the Stemonitis genus is heavily reliant on morphological characters identification.Cendawan-cendawan lendir, atau Myxomycetes, atau Mycetozoa adalah sejenis Protozoa yang memproduksi tubuh buah sebagai Cendawan mikroskopis. Tubuh buah tersebut umumnya berbentuk seperti cangkir piala, bola, dan bentuk-bentuk lainnya yang sulit untuk dikarakterisasikan. Di Universitas IPB, banyak Myxomycetes yang ditemukan pada batang pohon lapuk. Satu dari Myxomycetes ini adalah spesimen Stemonitis dengan kode Bogor2020. Bentuk spesimen ini seperti batang korek api. Spesimen Stemonitis Bogor2020 memiliki batang tegak yang hitam, dengan ukuran tinggi 2-2.5 mm. Sporanya berbentuk bulat dengan diameter 6.7x6.7 µm, berornamen baculae. Identifikasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan identifikasi morfologi menggunakan perangkat lunak Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSys). Enam spesies dari Stemonitis (Stemonitis ferruginea, S. flavogenita, S. pallida, S. herbatica, S. splendens, dan S. webberi) digunakan sebagai rujukan spesies Stemonitis pada kladogram SAHN. Ceratiomyxa arbuscula digunakan sebagai outgroup dari kladogram SAHN. Sebanyak 30 data biner digunakan untuk membangun kladogram SAHN. Spesimen Stemonitis Bogor2020 diklasifikasikan sebagai Stemonitis pallida. Karakter utama yang kuat mengelompokkan spesies ini sebagai Stemonitis pallida adalah permukaan spora, ukuran spora, warna batang tegak, dan ukuran batang tegak tersebut. Taksonomi modern pada Stemonitis masih dapat menggunakan idenfikasi morfologi berdasarkan karakter utama tersebut.