Jurnal Biota
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Analisis Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kupu-kupu (ordo Rhopalocera) berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan
No full textMount Muria has abundant natural resources, both flora and fauna, one of which is butterflies. Butterflies as natural pollinators have an important role in the ecosystem. The deterioration of air quality has a negative impact on butterflies because they are quite sensitive to poor air quality and poor lighting. This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental conditions and butterflies in the Muria Kudus area, carried out in March and June 2020. Butterfly observations were carried out using the quadratic sample transect method with 3 observation stations and measured environmental factors, among others: temperature, humidity, light intensity, altitude and Pb concentration analysis with AAS. The results of the study found 40 species of butterflies consisting of 6 families, with a moderate diversity index, almost merit index and low dominance. Muria area still has good environmental conditions for butterfly breeding. Relative abundance is negatively correlated with light intensity (rcount = -0,855, rtable = 0,811). Averageness is negatively correlated with heigh (rcount=-0,836, rtable=-0,881). The butterfly species Ypthima nigricans, Orsotriaena medus, and Melanitis leda is a specialist butterfly species and the butterfly species Papilio memnon, Leptosia nina, Chersonesia rahria, Mycalesis horsifieldii, and Yphtima horsifieldii is a generalist species butterflyMuria memiliki kekayaan alam yang cukup tinggi, baik flora maupun fauna, salah satunya kupu-kupu. Kupu-kupu sebagai penyerbuk alami memiliki peran penting dalam ekosistem. Penurunan kualitas udara di kawasan Muria akibat pencemaran udara berdampak negatif pada kupu-kupu karena kupu-kupu sangat peka terhadap kualitas udara yang buruk dan pencahayaan yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan komunitas kupu-kupu dengan kondisi lingkungan di Muria Kudus, dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret dan April 2020. Pengambilan sampel kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadrat dengan 3 pengamatan pada stasiun dan faktor lingkungan yang diukur terdiri dari suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya, kecepatan angin, dan konsentrasi timbal (Pb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 40 jenis kupu-kupu dengan indeks keanekaragaman sedang di ketiga stasiun. di stasiun I (2.932) stasiun II (2.829) dan stasiun III (2.685). Indeks kemerataan hampir merata, pada stasiun I (0,846) stasiun II (0,849), dan stasiun III (0,770), dan indeks dominansi rendah, pada stasiun I (0,06) stasiun II (0,073), dan stasiun III ( 0,097). Kawasan wisata Muria Kudus masih memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang baik dengan nilai konsentrasi Pb di bawah baku mutu udara ambien (2 ugs / m3) dan faktor lingkungan yang baik untuk pengembangan kupu-kupu. Variasi jenis pakan merupakan faktor dominan pada keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kupu-kupu
Pistia stratiotes as Effective Larvicide against Aedes aegypti
Full text linkWorld Health Organization (WHO) noted that Indonesia was the country with the highest cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Southeast Asia. Control efforts include vector observation and monitoring, one of which is larvicides. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) leaf extract to inhibit the growth of the third instar larvae of the Aedes aegypti. The design of this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment in this study was repeated 3 times using 4 treatments (negative control treatment, given extract of 10 ml, 30 ml, 50 ml). The results showed that Apu-apu leaf extract had different effects on each test concentration (10ml, 30ml and 50ml). The higher the concentration, the greater mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. ANOVA test showed that Apu-apu leaf extract (Pistia stratiotes) had an effect with the F=94.667, p= 0,000 on larvae mortality. The ability of Apu-apu leaf extract to kill larvae in LC50 value was 4.0% per minute, analyzed using probit regression. P. stratiotes could be an effective larvicide against A. aegypti third instar larvae (p=0,000).World Health Organization (WHO) mencatat bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. Upaya pengendalian meliputi pengamatan dan pemantauan vektor, salah satunya dengan larvasida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun Apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan larva instar III Aedes aegypti. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan pada penelitian ini diulang 3 kali dengan menggunakan 4 perlakuan (perlakuan kontrol negatif, diberikan ekstrak 10 ml, 30 ml, 50 ml). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun apu-apu memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda pada setiap konsentrasi uji (10ml, 30ml dan 50ml). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin besar mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) berpengaruh dengan F=94,667, p=0,000 terhadap mortalitas larva. Kemampuan ekstrak daun apu-apu membunuh larva pada nilai LC50 adalah 4,0% per menit, dianalisis menggunakan regresi probit.Kata kunci: Ekstrak daun apu-apu, Demam Berdarah Dengue, Larva Aedes aegypti, Mortalitas
Viariasi Ukuran Sel Cosmarium spp. dan Euastrum spp. (Desmidiaceae, Charophyte) dari lingkungan akuatik sekitar Universitas Palangka Raya
No full textDesmids (Desmidiaceae) is the family of green algae that characterized by cells that are shaped of two symmetrical semicells and it is estimated that there up to 12,000 species of Desmids. Cosmarium and Euastrum are two genera of Desmids that considered as the most representative taxa of this family. They are vary widely in size and shape of the cells. Based on the results of preliminary observations, in the aquatic enviroment around University of Palangka Raya is rich in microalgal diversity including Desmids. Cell size and shape are the most important points to be known to study the microalgae. This research is aimed to study the variety of cell size of Cosmarium spp. and Euastrum spp. from the aquatic environment around Palangka Raya. The results of this study show that the Cosmarium cells have the dimension of 17-80 μm long and 14-57 μm wide; Euastrum cells have the dimension of 24-89 μm long and 17-80 μm wide.Desmids (Desmidiaceae) merupakan famili alga hijau yang dikarakteristikan dengan sel berbentuk dua semisel simetris dan diperkirakan terdapat hingga 12.000 spesies. Cosmarium dan Euastrum adalah dua genera Desmids yang dianggap sebagai taksa paling representatif dari famili ini. Kelompok Desmids sangat bervariasi dalam ukuran dan bentuk sel. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya, di lingkungan perairan sekitar Universitas Palangka Raya kaya akan keanekaragaman mikroalga termasuk Desmids. Ukuran dan bentuk sel merupakan poin terpenting yang harus diketahui untuk mempelajari mikroalga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi ukuran sel Cosmarium spp. dan Euastrum spp. dari lingkungan perairan sekitar Universitas Palangka Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sel Kosmarium memiliki dimensi panjang 17-80 μm dan lebar 14-57 μm; Sel euastrum memiliki dimensi panjang 24-89 μm dan lebar 17-80 μm
Mosquito Diversity In Blok Ireng-Ireng And Ranu Darungan Area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Full text linkBromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is an area that functions as a life support, and a nature conservation area that plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Mosquitoes, which are ectoparasites, can be vectors of disease in humans, so a study on the identification and diversity of mosquitoes was carried out to determine the level of distribution of mosquitoes and the possibility of transmission of disease vectors in an area. The study was conducted during January-February 2021 with the non-probability sampling method, accidental sampling and the results obtained were 19 mosquito species with a diversity index calculation of H\u27 (2.36) for Ireng-ireng Block and H\u27 (1.71) for Ranu Darungan which both fall into the medium category.Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is an area that functions as life support, and a nature conservation area that plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Mosquitoes, which are ectoparasites can be vectors of disease in humans, this study was conducted to determine the level of mosquitoes diversity and their distribution which allows the transmission of disease vectors in the area. The study was conducted during January-February 2021 with the non-probability sampling method, and accidental sampling. The results obtained were 19 mosquito species with a diversity index calculation of H\u27 (2.36) for Ireng-ireng Block and H\u27 (1.71) for Ranu Darungan which both fall into the medium categor
System of Leukocytes Respiratory Burst Activity (RBA) in Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Full text linkProbiotics are live microbes that can help protect and maintain the health of the host by modifying the microbial community or associating with the host, increasing the response to disease, improving nutrition, and utilizing feed. Probiotics have properties to increase feed efficiency and increase non-specific immunity in fish. Probiotic administration allows fish to achieve optimal growth and increase immunity to disease. Therefore, in this study used probiotics containing bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic Bacillus subtilis endoprore administration on the respiratory burst activity (RBA) immune system in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The results of the research showed that the administration of probiotics in the grouper (Epinehelus coioides) feed with the probiotic dose of Bacillus subtilis in Feed B (0.1% Bacillus subtilis) and Feed C (1 % Bacillus subtilis) had a significantly effect on Respiratory Burst Activity (RBA) compared to Feed A (0% Bacillus subtilis). In addition, the administration of probiotic Bacillus subtilis in the grouper feed was also able to increase the total number of bacteria in the rearing media, whereas an increasing in the number of bacteria in the B and C feed treatments indicated a better rearing media for the growth of grouper. The RBA values in Feed B (0.1% Bacillus subtilis) and Feed C (1 % Bacillus subtilis) were significantly different start from 10 days of rearing time. While the best dose for the RBA value is Feed C with an elapsed time 30 days.Probiotik adalah mikroba hidup yang dapat membantu melindungi dan memelihara kesehatan inang dengan cara memodifikasi komunitas mikroba atau berasosiasi dengan inang, meningkatkan respon terhadap penyakit, memperbaiki nutrisi, dan memanfaatkan pakan. Probiotik memiliki khasiat untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pakan dan meningkatkan kekebalan non spesifik pada ikan. Pemberian probiotik memungkinkan ikan mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal dan meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap penyakit. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini digunakan probiotik yang mengandung bakteri Bacillus subtilis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bacillus subtilis endoprore terhadap sistem imun respiratory burst activity (RBA) pada ikan kerapu (Epinephelus coioides). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik pada pakan kerapu (Epinehelus coioides) dengan dosis probiotik Bacillus subtilis pada Pakan B (0,1% Bacillus subtilis) dan Pakan C (1% Bacillus subtilis) berpengaruh nyata terhadap Pernafasan Burst Activity (RBA) dibandingkan dengan Pakan A (0% Bacillus subtilis). Selain itu, pemberian probiotik Bacillus subtilis pada pakan kerapu juga mampu meningkatkan jumlah total bakteri pada media pemeliharaan, sedangkan peningkatan jumlah bakteri pada perlakuan pakan B dan C menunjukkan media pemeliharaan yang lebih baik. pertumbuhan ikan kerapu. Nilai RBA pada Pakan B (0,1% Bacillus subtilis) dan Pakan C (1% Bacillus subtilis) berbeda nyata mulai dari 10 hari pemeliharaan. Sedangkan dosis terbaik untuk nilai RBA adalah Pakan C dengan waktu tempuh 30 hari
senyawa aktif pada famili zingiberaceae sebagai anti inflamasi: studi insiliko Cycloxygenese-2 ) COX2)
No full textTraditional medicine employs many ingredients that have been used for generations for treatment and are based on society\u27s norms. These ingredients are referred to as jamu. The research aim was to determine the types and uses of medicinal plants, the active compound content, and the potential of traditional herbal medicine as a fever-lowering bio-computation. The traditional herbal formula was determined using a direct interview method combined with a purposive sampling technique in this study. We used the software for phytochemical screening and molecular docking. COX-2 was used to analyse proteins, and six ligands were used: Quercetin, Curcuminoid, Zingerone, Heyneanone, Zerumbone, and Sabinene. This study discovered 22 different types of medicinal plants in Bangselok village, East Java, Indonesia. The Zingiberaceae family is frequently used as an ingredient in herbal medicine. Ginger, Lempuyang, Bangle, Temu Mangga, Temu Putih, and Temu Giring contain flavonoid compounds. The docking results showed that Quercetin, Zingerone, Heyneanone, Zerumbone, and Sabinene ligands were attached to domain A by the control of natural COX-2 ligands, namely NAG and EDO, predicting that they could be used as an anti-inflammatory and the combination of active compounds recommended as herbal medicine.Obat tradisional menggunakan berbagai bahan dari tanaman yang telah digunakan dari generasi ke generasi untuk pengobatan berdasarkan kearifan lokal masyarakat. ramuan yang digunakan disebut sebagai jamu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis dan kegunaan tanaman obat, kandungan senyawa aktif, dan potensi obat herbal tradisional sebagai antiinflamasi oleh insilico. Penggunaan herbal tradisional ditentukan menggunakan metode wawancara langsung yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik purposive sampling dalam penelitian ini. Kami menggunakan perangkat lunak untuk skrining fitokimia dan docking molekuler. COX-2 digunakan untuk menganalisis protein, dan enam ligan digunakan: Quercetin, Curcuminoid, Zingerone, Heyneanone, Zerumbone, dan Sabinene. Studi ini menemukan 22 jenis tanaman obat di desa Bangselok, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Keluarga Zingiberaceae sering digunakan sebagai bahan dalam pengobatan herbal. Jahe, Lempuyang, Bangle, Temu Mangga, Temu Putih, dan Temu Giring mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Hasil docking menunjukkan bahwa quercetin, Zingerone, Heyneanone, Zerumbone, dan ligan Sabinene melekat pada domain A dengan kontrol ligan COX-2 alami, yaitu NAG dan EDO, memprediksi bahwa mereka dapat digunakan sebagai anti-inflamasi dan kombinasi senyawa aktif yang direkomendasikan sebagai obat herbal
KANDUNGAN N, P, K DAN Pb KOMPOS LIMBAH KERTAS BERTINTA DAN SAYURAN DENGAN AKTIVASI CAIRAN RUMEN
No full textThe compost of inked paper and vegetable waste mixture is a result of the process of degradation of the components of lignin and cellulose. The process was activated by cellulolytic bacteria from rumen liquor. The aim of this study to know the compost quality of the inked paper and vegetable waste mixture. The content of by-products of compost studied were the levels of N, P, K, and Pb heavy metals. The composting process in this study was carried out by anaerobic. The N test used the Kjeldahl method, the P and K test used the Bray 1 method, and the Pb test used the AAS method (Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer). The data were analyzed using Manova statistical tests with LSD post hoc tests. From the observations, it was known that the addition of rumen liquor had a significant effect on the levels of P with the most optimal concentration of 50%, while for N and K levels and Pb heavy metals content was not significantly different. However, the average level of nutrient elements N (0.87% to 1.1%), P (0.2% to 0.5%) and K (0.52% to 0.58%) and Pb heavy metals (0.61ppm to 4.09 ppm) fulfill SNI 19-7030- 2004 standard.Kompos limbah kertas bertinta yang dicampur dengan sisa sayuran berasal dari proses perombakan komponen lignin dan selulosa yang terdapat padabahan bakunya. Proses tersebut diaktivasi oleh bakteri selulolitik dalam cairan rumen sapi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuanuntuk mengetahui kualitas kompos limbah yang dihasilkan rumah tangga berupa kertas bekas bertinta dan sisa sayuran. Kualitas kompos yang dikaji berupa logam berat timbal (Pb), kadar hara unsur N, P, dan K. Proses pengoposan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara anaerob. Uji N menggunakan metode Kjehdahl, uji P dan K menggunakan metode Bray 1, dan uji Pb menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Adsorbtion Spectrophotometer). Data diuji statistik dengan Manova dan uji lanjut LSD. Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa pemberian cairan rumen sapi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar unsur hara P dengan konsentrasi paling optimal yaitu 50%, sementara untuk kadar unsur hara N dan K serta kadar logam berat Pb cairan rumen sapi yang ditambahkan pada proses kompos tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Namun demikian rerata kadar unsur hara N (0.87% sampai 1.1%) ,P (0.2% sampai 0.5%) dan K (0.52% sampai 0.58%) serta logam berat Pb (0.61ppm sampai 4.09 ppm)telah memenuhi SNI 19-7030-2004
Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Peat Protected Forest Area in Sungai Buluh, East Tanjung Jabung Jambi
Full text linkOne of the largest composition in peatlands is Cellulose. It can be degraded by cellulase enzymes. Sungai Buluh Peatland is one of the large and protected peatlands in Jambi Province. This land can be the main habitat for cellulolytic bacteria. Peatlands cellulolytic bacteria have great potential as biocontrol agents for plant pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to obtain cellulolytic soil bacteria from Sungai Buluh Tanjung Jabung Peat Protection Forest, in the East Tanjung Jabung, Jambi, which causes stem rot disease of oil palms. This research was carried out in several stages. Firstly, soil samples were collected from the Sungai Buluh Protected Forest, East Tanjung Jabung Jambi. Then the bacteria were selected on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) selective media and the quantitative cellulolytic activities were measured based on clear zones that formed on CMC media. The results showed that 25 isolates of cellulolytic potential bacteria were obtained from the Sungai Buluh Peat Protected Forest area, 8 of them had cellulolytic activity range from 0.87 to 6.70One of the largest composition in peatlands is Cellulose. It can be degraded by cellulase enzymes. Sungai Buluh Peatland is one of the large and protected peatlands in Jambi Province. This land can be the main habitat for cellulolytic bacteria. Peatlands cellulolytic bacteria have great potential as biocontrol agents for plant pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to obtain cellulolytic soil bacteria from Sungai Buluh Tanjung Jabung Peat Protection Forest, in the East Tanjung Jabung, Jambi, which causes stem rot disease of oil palms. This research was carried out in several stages. Firstly, soil samples were collected from the Sungai Buluh Protected Forest, East Tanjung Jabung Jambi. Then the bacteria were selected on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) selective media and the quantitative cellulolytic activities were measured based on clear zones that formed on CMC media. The results showed that 25 isolates of cellulolytic potential bacteria were obtained from the Sungai Buluh Peat Protected Forest area, 8 of them had cellulolytic activity range from 0.87 to 6.7
Evaluasi Efek Samping Vaksin Covid-19 di kalangan Staf dan Mahasiswa Universitas Misurata di Libya
No full textAfter a year of COVID-19 being distributed in all countries worldwide, several COVID-19 vaccines were invented by different companies. All of these vaccines got emergency approval from WHO because of critical conditions to fight this pandemic, but still, scientists work on clinical experiments to approve the safety of these vaccines and their adverse effects. This research tried to check the safety of vaccines imported from the Libyan Health Ministry. The comparison was among Sinovak, Sinopharm, AstraZeneka, Sputnik V, and Pfizer- BioNTech vaccines. The research aimed to compare the side effects of each vaccine after 24 hours of vaccination, this information was collected from people who work or study at Misurata University. The first notice of survey results was the small number of people who took the second dose of all vaccines, even if all second doses have been provided by the health ministry with the exception of sputnik V. Most side effects were clear in sputnik V, AstraZeneka, and Pfizer- BioNTech, on the other hand, Sinopharm and Sinovac were mostly with little side effects although some people had headache and fever. This research recommends for more action forward campaign that aims to convince Libyan people to get COVID-19 vaccines
Inhibition of Bilimbi Leaf Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) Against the Growth of Candida albicans ATCC 10231
Full text linkCandida albicans ATCC 10231 is a microflora in the female genital tract that can cause candidiasis/vaginal discharge due to systemic disorders and long-term use of antibiotics. Natural treatment without side effects can use bilimbi leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.). This plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins which can inhibit C. albicans ATCC 10231. This study aimed to determine the potential of bilimbi leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans ATCC 10231. The maceration method using ethanol as a solvent was used to obtain the extract of bilimbi leaves. The antifungal ability of the extract was tested using the well diffusion method. The extraction yield was 7.69% and was able to inhibit C. albicans ATCC 10231 at a concentration of 80% and 100% with an antimicrobial index of 0.66 and 0.95, respectively, with weak and moderate inhibition categories. These results are new information about using bilimbi leaves to inhibit the growth of C. albicans ATCC 10231 so that the public can use it as an alternative treatment for vaginal discharge