Jurnal Biota
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The Role of Zeolite in Alleviating Lead Toxicity in Tubifex tubifex
Full text linkLow-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbents and catalysts have gained importance in research due to their impact on heavy metals in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of adsorbent material properties of zeolite against the lead bioaccumulation of Tubifex tubifex (Müller 1774). The oligochaete worms were exposed to 0.1 μg/l Pb, 0.1 μg/l Pb+0.1 μg/l zeolite, and 0.1 μg/l Pb+1 μg/l zeolite mixtures for 24, 48, and 96 hours. Lead accumulation in the whole body and environmental media of T. tubifex was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Lead toxicity increased with increasing durations of exposure. In all groups, lead accumulation was obtained to be statistically significant at exposure times. The presence and concentration of zeolite significantly reduced the accumulation of lead content in T. tubifex
In Silico Active Compounds of Musa troglodytarum L. as Antibiotic Candidates for Tuberculosis
Full text linkThe primary approach for managing tuberculosis involves the use of antibiotics, such as isoniazid. Over the course of time, genetic mutations give rise to bacterial resistance against synthetic medications. As a result of this phenomenon, the aforementioned impacts can be mitigated through the utilisation of bioactive compounds derived from naturally occuring substances, such as mature bananas (Musa troglodytarum L). The objective of this work was to assess the pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of Rrespon bananas, as well as their binding affinity on the 4KL9 receptor, in order to anticipate potential toxicity using the in silico molecular docking approach. The findings indicate that the Rangga banana contains Fumaric acid and Benzoic Acid compounds that exhibit a stronger binding affinity for the 4KL9 receptor compared to isoniazid. The ligand\u27s binding affinity is more negative by -4.8 kcal/mol and -5.4 kcal/mol, satisfying Lipinski\u27s five laws, including a molecular weight of 116.072 g/mol and 122.123 g/mol, Log p values of 0.2882 and 1.3848, HBA values of 2 and 1, and HBD values of 2 and 1. Additionally, the compounds demonstrate a favourable ADME profile (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) and fall within toxicity classes 3 and 4, which are considered safer than isoniazid. Consequently, these two compounds possess potential as tuberculosis drugs that minimise adverse effects.Pendekatan utama untuk mengelola tuberkulosis melibatkan penggunaan antibiotik, seperti isoniazid. Seiring berjalannya waktu, mutasi genetik menimbulkan resistensi bakteri terhadap obat sintetis. Sebagai hasil dari fenomena ini, dampak tersebut dapat dikurangi melalui pemanfaatan senyawa bioaktif yang berasal dari zat alami, seperti Pisang Ranggap (Musa troglodytarum L). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai sifat farmakokinetik dan fisikokimia Pisang Ranggap, serta afinitas pengikatannya pada reseptor 4KL9, untuk mengantisipasi potensi toksisitas menggunakan pendekatan docking molekuler in silico. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Pisang Ranggap mengandung senyawa asam Fumarat dan Asam Benzoat yang menunjukkan afinitas pengikatan yang lebih kuat untuk reseptor 4KL9 dibandingkan dengan isoniazid. Afinitas pengikatan ligan lebih negatif sebesar -4,8 kkal / mol dan -5,4 kkal / mol, memenuhi lima hukum Lipinski, termasuk berat molekul 116,072 g / mol dan 122,123 g / mol, nilai Log p 0,2882 dan 1,3848, nilai HBA 2 dan 1, dan nilai HBD 2 dan 1. Selain itu, senyawa menunjukkan profil ADME yang menguntungkan (penyerapan, distribusi, metabolisme, dan ekskresi) dan termasuk dalam kelas toksisitas 3 dan 4, yang dianggap lebih aman daripada isoniazid. Akibatnya, kedua senyawa ini memiliki potensi sebagai obat tuberkulosis yang meminimalkan efek samping
Root Colonization by Microorganisms and The Effects of PGPR On Plant Growth: A Mini-Review
Full text linkThis brief review provides a concise overview of the impact of microorganisms that colonize roots on plant growth, with a particular focus on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). At the root-soil interface, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi interact with plants, providing various advantages, including nutrient acquisition, pathogen protection, and stress tolerance. PGPR, which are bacteria that promote plant growth through mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, potassium solubilization, induction of plant stress resistance and siderophore production, are among the most beneficial of these microorganisms. The colonization process entails chemotaxis, adhesion, and colonization of both the rhizosphere and endosphere, which are facilitated by exopolysaccharides, biofilm formation, and signaling molecules. PGPR has been shown to boost root and shoot growth, enhance nutrient and water use efficiency, and enhance plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. These effects are mediated by direct and indirect interactions between PGPR and plants, which involve modulation of plant immune responses and systemic resistance. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to the exploitation of PGPR in sustainable agriculture. PGPR can reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but further research is required to unravel the complex interactions between microorganisms and plants, identify key signaling molecules in root colonization, and optimize the use of PGPR in various crops. This brief review underlines the importance of root colonization by microorganisms, particularly PGPR, in promoting plant growth and sustainable agriculture
Functional 3D Structure Analysis of Quasispecies Variants of Hepatitis B Virus Surface and Core Protein in Advanced Liver Disease and Chronic HBV Infection Patients in Indonesia: In Silico
Full text linkHepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an endemic virus and belongs to Hepadnaviridae family. This virus can result in variations of quasispecies due to its high rate of mutation. A quasispecies variant is a small population and develops as a result of mutation and can become a wild-type population. This research aims to study and carry out 3D modeling on 12 in-house full sequence HBV genome isolates from Indonesia and obtain predictive visualization data to become a reference for further research leading to the production of anti-virals and natural treatments for HBV. 12 in-house full HBV genome sequences obtained from previous research were used to carry out 3D modeling and structural analysis of the surface protein, core protein, and polymerase protein. Analysis was carried out in silico using programs available online. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using MEGA11, translation of nucleotides into protein sequences using the ExPAsy Translate portal, physiochemical analysis using ProtParam portal, and functional domain testing using the MOTIF tool from GenomeNet. Then 3D modelling using Phyre2 and SWISS-MODEL. The major mutation of the S protein occurs in L21S and mutations in the C protein mainly occur in P79Q and S87G. The model for S Protein from homology structure prediction is not reliable thus it still needs more templates from experimental techniques. While C Protein structure prediction can provide information for further research in alternative natural antiviral treatment.Virus Hepatitis B (HBV) adalah virus endemik dan termasuk dalam keluarga Hepadnaviridae. Virus ini dapat menyebabkan variasi quasispecies karena tingkat mutasinya yang tinggi. Variasi quasispecies adalah populasi kecil yang berkembang sebagai hasil mutasi dan dapat menjadi populasi tipe liar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan melakukan pemodelan 3D pada 12 isolat genom lengkap HBV dari Indonesia dan memperoleh data visualisasi prediktif sebagai referensi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut yang dapat mengarah pada produksi antiviral dan pengobatan alami untuk HBV. Dua belas urutan genom HBV lengkap yang diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya digunakan untuk melakukan pemodelan 3D dan analisis struktural protein permukaan, protein inti, dan protein polimerase. Analisis dilakukan secara in silico menggunakan program yang tersedia secara online. Analisis filogenetik dilakukan menggunakan MEGA11, translasi nukleotida menjadi urutan protein menggunakan portal ExPAsy Translate, analisis fisikokimia menggunakan portal ProtParam, dan pengujian domain fungsional menggunakan alat MOTIF dari GenomeNet. Kemudian pemodelan 3D menggunakan Phyre2 dan SWISS-MODEL. Mutasi utama pada protein S terjadi pada L21S dan mutasi pada protein C terutama terjadi pada P79Q dan S87G. Model untuk Protein S dari prediksi struktur homologi tidak dapat diandalkan sehingga masih memerlukan lebih banyak templat dari teknik eksperimental. Sementara prediksi struktur Protein C dapat memberikan informasi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut dalam alternatif pengobatan antiviral alami
Variasi Genetik Tanaman Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Berdasarkan Marka Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)
No full textFoeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly known as fennel, has been utilized by Indonesian community for various purposes, from culinary to medicinal applications. The primary constituent of its chemical composition is the essential oil belonging to the monoterpene class, comprising more than 80% of its content. Genetic information plays a crucial role in determining the identity of a plant species. This information can also serve as a fundamental basis for conservation and plant breeding purposes. The aim of the research to determine the genetic diversity of F. vulgare. This study utilized fennel from six different locations. DNA examination of fennels used the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) marker. Cluster analysis of binary data on DNA fragment scores used Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA method as basis. The average polymorphism was 86.11%. The study indicated that the genetic variability of F. vulgare samples from the six locations fell within the moderate category. The results of this study open opportunities for further research in finding specific molecular markers to identify F. vulgare with its potential adulterant species
The Effect of Replacing Sorghum Grains with Corn Along with Phytase and NSP Enzymes on Yield and Blood Parameters of Broilers
Full text linkIn this research, the effects of replacing grain sorghum with corn along with phytase and NSP enzymes on the performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens were investigated. Different levels of grain sorghum (0, 5, and 10%) and two levels of phytase enzyme and NSP (0 and 0.1%) were used in feeding broilers. At the end of the period (42 days old), blood samples were taken and blood serum parameters were measured. During the test period, the amount of feed consumed, daily weight gain, food conversion ratio, and carcass characteristics were measured. The experimental treatments include 1- control diet (without sorghum and no enzyme), 2- control diet + without sorghum + 0.1 enzyme, 3- control diet + 5% sorghum + without enzyme, 4- control diet + 5% sorghum + 1 0. enzyme, 5- control diet + 10% sorghum + no enzyme and 6- control diet + 10% sorghum + 0.1 enzyme. The statistical design used in this experiment was a 2x3 factorial method in the form of a completely random design, with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions (15 chickens in each repetition), and a total of 270 Ross 308 strain broiler chickens were used. The results of the feed consumption showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the main effect of sorghum in the first and sixth weeks and in the main effect of enzyme only in the last week (p<0.05). The results of live weight gain showed that a statistically significant difference was observed only in the main effect of sorghum in the fifth and sixth weeks (p<0.05), (p<0.05) so the ratio without sorghum had the highest amount of live weight. The results of food conversion ratio showed that only in the main effect of sorghum, a statistically significant difference was observed in the fifth week (p<0.05), so the diet without sorghum showed the highest food conversion ratio. The results of the carcass traits showed that a statistically significant difference in the weight of the liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and, cecum was observed only in the main effect of sorghum (p<0.05). The results of blood tests at the end of the experiment showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of cholesterol, HDL, and LDL in the main effect of sorghum (p<0.05). The general results of the research showed that the addition of different levels of sorghum and enzymes in the diet did not have a favorable effect on the amount of feed consumption, live weight, and carcass traits, but the level of 10% sorghum improved the food conversion ratio in some weeks of the experiment
Endophytic Fungi in Cabbage Roots: Diversity and Antagonistic effects on Rhizoctonia solani
Full text linkRoot endophytic fungi that living inside the plant roots without causing any symptom, basically is part of microorganisms in the rhizosphere or soil. Considering that, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of growth media on the occurrence and variabilities of culturable endophytic fungi in cabbage roots. The growth media examined were soil from pine forest, rhizosphere of cogon grass and elephant grass, inceptisol soil mixed with goat manure, compost or vermicompost (1:1, v/v). Fungal isolates obtained were examined their effect on the growth of cabbage seedlings and their abilities to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in vitro. The results showed that the growth media influenced the colonization and variabilities of fungal endophytes isolated from cabbage roots. The media supporting better colonization and variabilities of fungal endophytes was soil mixed with goat manure (1:1, v/v). Among 12 isolates obtained, three isolates (PK-2, PK-4 and PK-5 isolates) tended to improve the growth of cabbage seedlings. There were also three isolates (PK-1, PK-2 and TH-1) inhibited the growth of R. solani in vitro by 56.7% -64.7%
Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) Study for Root and Bud Induction on Stem Cuttings of Stevia rebaudiana
Full text linkThe Stevia plant is used as a low calorie natural sweetener known as"the sweet herb of Paraguay". Stevia leaves a higher level of sweetness than cane sugar. Stevia can be propagated by stem cutting techniques. Soaked of stem cuttings in Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) auxin can promote the growth and development of Stevia. Research was conducted to determine the effect of commercial PGRs (Rootone-f) and natural PGRs from Shallot extract. This study used a complete randomized design with different concentrations, both Rootone-f (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/L) and shallot extract (0, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%). Observations were made after 6 weeks (42 days) of planting on several growth parameters (height of plant, number or buds, number of leaves, number of roots and length of roots). Commercial PGRs showed a significant effect on growth parameters. While natural PGRs of shallot showed a significant effect on height of growth parameters. The recommended concentration of commercial PGRs for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M. stem cuttings was 300 mg/L
Synthesis and Characterization of Edible Film Based on Glucomannan from Local Porang Tubers with a Combination of Carrageenan and Sorbitol as Plasticizer
Full text linkIn this study, edible films were made from glucomannan from local porang tubers, carrageenan, and sorbitol as the plasticizer. This research method begins with the making of modified porang flour with three immersion treatments, namely control (A), 10% lime solution (B), and modified lime and mocaf starter fermentation (C) to reduce oxalate levels. Plasticizers were added with variations of carrageenan 2;3;4%, and sorbitol 1;2;3;4; and 5 g. The results showed that the modified lime immersion and fermentation treatment reduced calcium oxalate levels, and the highest yields of glucomannan were 2.58% and 10.07 g. The FTIR analysis results of the isolated glucomannan showed that the spectrum formed by the presence of O-H functional groups, CH2 groups, C-O-C groups, absorption areas of 805 cm-1 and 872 cm-1 indicated the presence of the main constituent of glucomannan, namely β-pyranose. In comparison, the characteristics of the edible film obtained an average thickness between 0.32–1.50 mm. The highest thickness was obtained in the composition of the addition of 3% carrageenan and 4 grams of sorbitol variation C. The percentage of water resistance of edible film variations A and C ranged from 10.04% - 22.02%. Variations A and C with a composition of 2% carrageenan and 1 gram of sorbitol, the edible film is completely degraded. The surface morphology of the edible film obtained from variation A with a concentration of 2% carrageenan and 5 grams of sorbitol showed a slightly porous surface
Various Methods of Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Tubers: a Review
Full text linkTubers, as a highly promising agricultural commodity with distinctive flavors and nutritional content, pose health challenges due to the presence of calcium oxalate. Excessive consumption can lead to mechanical disturbances in the digestive and renal tubule systems. This complicates processing techniques to ensure that tubers, before being used as raw materials in the food and other industries, do not contain calcium oxalate. The research method involves a literature review, in-depth exploration of theories and concepts, and identification of variables related to the research method and context. From the literature study, it is evident that focusing on understanding fermentation parameters, such as time, temperature, pH, and the type and concentration of microorganisms, is crucial. This information is expected to provide insights into potentially effective methods for reducing calcium oxalate content in tubers, supporting the development of safer and healthier agricultural and food processing practices