Jurnal Biota
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Identification of Anticancer Active Compound from GC-MS Test Results of Zodia Leaves (Evodia suaveolens) Ethanol Extract
Get PDFCancer is estimated to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2018. The background of the study was the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia in 2018 reaching 775.120 people. Treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy have negative side effects. Herbal medicine is an alternative treatment with lower side effects that can reduce the side effects of existing treatments. The aim of this study was to identify the results of GC-MS active compounds from ethanol extract of zodia leaves which have the potential as anticancer. The method of this research was observational research through scientific literature. GC-MS results showed 22 active compounds contained in ethanol extract of zodia leaves. Based on the literature searching, there are 17 active compounds that have potential to be anticancer. Menthofuran; evodone; Bicyclopentene; Delta-Selinene; 3,5,7-Octatrien-2-Ol, 2,6-Dimethyl; Aromadendrene oxide 2; Alpha-bisabolol; 2,4-Dimethyl-2,4-Heptadienal; Phytol; Squalene; Beta-Tocopherol; D-alpha-Tocopherol; Stigmasta-5,23-dien-3.beta.-ol; (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.ol; 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol; Lanosterol; and Obtusifoliol. The compounds are targeted in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer.Cancer is estimated to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2018. The background of the study was the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia in 2018 reaching 775.120 people. Treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy have negative side effects. Herbal medicine is an alternative treatment with lower side effects that can reduce the side effects of existing treatments. The aim of this study was to identify the results of GC-MS active compounds from ethanol extract of zodia leaves which have the potential as anticancer. The method of this research was observational research through scientific literature. GC-MS results showed 22 active compounds contained in ethanol extract of zodia leaves. Based on the literature searching, there are 17 active compounds that have potential to be anticancer. Menthofuran; evodone; Bicyclopentene; Delta-Selinene; 3,5,7-Octatrien-2-Ol, 2,6-Dimethyl; Aromadendrene oxide 2; Alpha-bisabolol; 2,4-Dimethyl-2,4-Heptadienal; Phytol; Squalene; Beta-Tocopherol; D-alpha-Tocopherol; Stigmasta-5,23-dien-3.beta.-ol; (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.ol; 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol; Lanosterol; and Obtusifoliol. The compounds are targeted in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer
Water Quality Analysis of Kelekar River in Burai Village Kecamatan Tanjung Batu/ Tanjung Batu Subdistrict Kabupaten Ogan Ilir/ Ogan Ilir District to Identify the Toxic Effects Caused
Get PDFWater is one of the biggest components from environment and an important aspect of living organism. The source of water that can be used by community to fulfill their needs is river water, but in recent years, the river water is no longer clear. There are various kinds of water pollution/ contamination sources, including waste from community whether it is from household waste or agriculture waste in smaller to bigger scales, or also industrial waste that can cause environment-based diseases such as cholera, dysentery, skin-disease, typhus, and so on that originated from dirty water Furthermore, if the river water has been contaminated with chemicals, especially heavy metals, it can cause severe toxic effects that will lead to death. Therefore, the aim of this research are knowing the quality of river water on Burai Village, Tanjung Baru Subdistrict, Ogan Ilir District, and analyzing the toxic effects that will occur due to the pollution/ contamination. Water examination was conducted in Laboratory of BTKL Palembang and Laboratory of Science and Technology Faculty UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. From the results of examination, it was found that physically the water was colored, smelly, and turbid, also the existance of heavy metals and numbers of high coliform, around >1600/100 mL samples. This is very dangerous because it can contaminate the aquatic biota in the river and the community whose consuming it can lead to disease or even heavy metal poisoning
Survival Rate and Growth Response of Humpback Grouper Seeds (Cromileptes altivelis) on Acclimatization to the Freshwater
Get PDFSuccessful biodiversity cultivated in freshwater fish is farmed whitefish, tiger shrimp, vannamei shrimp and. While the grouper duck (Cromileptes Mozambique) export market prospects have never tried. This research would like to know how the seed of acclimatization grouper duck into fresh water against the survival rate and growth response. Using random design complete 5 x 4 treatment, seed samples with long range 12 cm, weight 22 gr. Acclimatization of habitat in salinity of 30 ppt ppt 4. Moderate decrease in salinity 0.0 A0 is the ppt/day (controls), A0,5 (0.5 ppt/day), A1 (1 PPT/day), A1.5 (1.5 ppt/day), and A2 (2 ppt/day). Data were analyzed with the survival rate of the t test (P ≤ 0.05) the results show a decrease in salinity of 0.5 ppt/day 35% real different with controls 92.5%, but is superior than the three other treatments (A1, A1.5 and A2) dead all before reaching 4 ppt. While the growth rate data were analyzed with anova followed duncan test (P ≤ 0.05) the results show A0.5 0.60% no different with real control of 0.61% real but different (fastest) compared to three other treatments (A1, A1.5 and A2). The conclusion is grouper duck capable cultivated in brackish water 4 ppt (mesohalin) through acclimatization with decreased salinity of 0.5 ppt/day.Biota laut yang sukses dibudidayakan di tambak air tawar adalah ikan bandeng, udang windu, dan udang vannamei. Sedangkan ikan kerapu bebek (Cromileptes altivelis) yang pasar eksportnya prospek belum pernah dicobanya. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh aklimatisasi benih ikan kerapu bebek ke air tawar terhadap survival rate dan respon pertumbuhannya. Menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 5 perlakuan 4 x ulangan, dengan sampel benih kisaran panjang 12 cm, berat 22 gr. Aklimatisasi dari habitat bersalinitas 30 ppt ke 4 ppt. Perlakuannya adalah A0 penurunan salinitas 0,0 ppt/hari (kontrol), A0,5 (0,5 ppt/hari), A1 (1 ppt/hari), A1,5 (1,5 ppt/hari), dan A2 (2 ppt/hari). Data survival rate dianalisis dengan uji t (P≤0,05) hasilnya menunjukkan penurunan salinitas 0,5 ppt/hari 35 % berbeda nyata dengan kontrol 92,5 %, namun lebih unggul dibanding tiga perlakuan lainnya (A1, A1,5, dan A2) yang sudah mati semua sebelum mencapai 4 ppt. Sedangkan data laju pertumbuhan dianalisis dengan anova dilanjutkan uji duncan (P≤0,05) hasilnya menunjukkan A0,5 0,60 % tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol 0,61 % tetapi berbeda nyata (paling cepat) dibanding tiga perlakuan lainnya (A1, A1,5, dan A2). Kesimpulannya adalah ikan kerapu bebek mampu dibudidayakan pada air payau 4 ppt (mesohalin) melalui aklimatisasi dengan penurunan salinitas 0,5 ppt/hari.
 
Plant Diversity On Protected Forest Vegetation Of Dempo Mountains, Pagar Alam, South Sumatera
No full textVegetation is a collection of plants that usually consist of several species and live together in one place. Vegetation analysis is a way of studying the composition (component type) and the shape (structure) of vegetation or vegetation communities. Forests are the most important habitat component of life, hence the condition of plant communities within the forest, whether plant species composition, species dominance, density or closure of the canopy should be measured. The island of Sumatra is one of the most diverse ecoregion regions in the world. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) as one of the world\u27s conservation organizations incorporates mountainous rainforest as a conservation area. The Sumatra mountain forests are one of the 200 critically endorsed ecoregions and a priority of global conservation. Mount Dempo is a protected forest area located on a cluster of hills line the island of Sumatra. This mountain has a height of 3159 asl (above sea level) and is the highest mountain in the area of South Sumatra. This study aims to determine the diversity of plants in the protected forest vegetation of Mount Dempo, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatera. Vegetation analysis was done by purposive sampling with bitterlich method, i.e measurement done on plot measuring 2x2, 5x5, 10x10, and 20x20 m. Analyzes were performed on two plots of different locations, and all plant species found in each plot were recorded of the type and amount. The parameters measured include the type name, the individual number of each type, the diameter, the height, and the height of the free branch. The results obtained at the Importance Value Index (INP) in Gunung Dempo, Pagar Alam of 294 stated that Mount Dempo has a high vegetation that is still preserving the existing plant, but it is also able to used as tourist visit as the stage of environmental and nature care.Vegetation is a collection of plants that usually consist of several species and live together in one place. Vegetation analysis is a way of studying the composition (component type) and the shape (structure) of vegetation or vegetation communities. Forests are the most important habitat component of life, hence the condition of plant communities within the forest, whether plant species composition, species dominance, density or closure of the canopy should be measured. The island of Sumatra is one of the most diverse ecoregion regions in the world. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) as one of the world\u27s conservation organizations incorporates mountainous rainforest as a conservation area. The Sumatra mountain forests are one of the 200 critically endorsed ecoregions and a priority of global conservation. Mount Dempo is a protected forest area located on a cluster of hills line the island of Sumatra. This mountain has a height of 3159 asl (above sea level) and is the highest mountain in the area of South Sumatra. This study aims to determine the diversity of plants in the protected forest vegetation of Mount Dempo, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatera. Vegetation analysis was done by purposive sampling with bitterlich method, i.e measurement done on plot measuring 2x2, 5x5, 10x10, and 20x20 m. Analyzes were performed on two plots of different locations, and all plant species found in each plot were recorded of the type and amount. The parameters measured include the type name, the individual number of each type, the diameter, the height, and the height of the free branch. The results obtained at the Importance Value Index (INP) in Gunung Dempo, Pagar Alam of 294 stated that Mount Dempo has a high vegetation that is still preserving the existing plant, but it is also able to used as tourist visit as the stage of environmental and nature care
Effectiveness of Sansavieria trifasciata Extract Bracelet in Absorbing Carbon Monoxide (Co) in Cigarette Smoke
Get PDFCarbon monoxide (CO) contained in cigarette smoke is a very strong poison, if it is smoked by the lungs it will be easier to bind hemoglobin, so that red blood cells will lack oxygen, which can cause damage to blood vessels. with the process of atherosclerosis (narrowing). Sansevieria trifasciata has the ability to absorb poisons such as CO. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Sansevieria trifasciata leaf extract in absorbing CO contained in cigarette smoke and assessing the amount of CO absorbed by Sansevieria trifasciata leaf extract. The method used is a pure experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 different treatments and 3 repetitions. The results of the 3 treatments showed that P1 (Sanseviera trifasciata wet extract) had the ability to absorb CO an average of 12.67 ppm every 15 minutes, in contrast to P2 (ethanol extract of Sanseviera trifasciata) which absorbs CO. 91.11 ppm every 15 minutes P3 (ethanol extract and CMC leaves from Sansevieria trifasciata) has the ability to absorb CO by 37.89 ppm every 15 minutes. The highest absorption effectiveness was obtained by ethanol extract and bracelets containing ethanol extract with the addition of CMC.Carbon monoxide (CO) COntained in cigarette smoke is a very strong poison, if it is smoked by the lungs it will be easier to bind hemoglobin, so that red blood cells will lack oxygen, if it happens COntinuously it can cause damage to blood vessels with the process of atherosclerosis (narrowing). Leaf-in-law (Sansevieria trifasciata) has the ability to absorb poisons such as CO. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Sansevieria trifasciata leaf extract in absorbing CO COntained in cigarette smoke and assessing the amount of CO absorbed by Sansevieria trifasciata leaf extract. The method used is a pure experimental method using a COmpletely Randomized Design (CRD) COnsisting of 3 different treatments and 3 repetitions. The results of the 3 treatments showed that P1 (Sanseviera trifasciata wet extract) had the ability to absorb CO an average of 12.67 ppm every 15 minutes, in COntrast to P2 (ethanol extract of Sanseviera trifasciata) can absorb CO by 91.11 ppm every 15 minutes and P3 (ethanol extract and CMC leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata) has the ability to absorb CO by 37.89 ppm every 15 minutes. The highest absorption effectiveness was obtained by ethanol extract and bracelets COntaining ethanol extract with the addition of CMC
Diversity of Annelids in the Kapuas and Melawi Rivers
Get PDFThe presence of Annelida animals in water is one indicator of polluted water. The purpose of this research was to determine the diversity of Annelida phylum in the Kapuas and Melawi rivers. This research used an exploratory method to determine the diversity of annelids in the Kapuas and Melawi rivers. Sampling was carried out in 2 regions representing the left and right sides of the river, both upstream and downstream of the river. The findings of the research show that there are two classes of annelid phyla, namely the Oligochaeta and Hirudinae classes. Oligochaeta class is represented by Tubifex sp, Lumbricus terrestris, and Pharetima sp. species while Hirudinae class is represented by Haemodipsa sp. Species. The number of Annelids found in the Kapuas river for Tubifex sp. numbered 7 species, Lumbricus terrestris numbered 53 species and Pharetima sp. numbered 14 species. The number of Annelids found in the Melawi river for Tubifex sp. numbered 1 species, Lumbricus terrestris numbered 23 species, Pharetima sp. numbered 8 species and Haemodipsa sp amounted to 2 species. The presence of Tubifex sp. in the Kapuas and Melawi rivers shows that the quality of the river waters begins to be polluted
Diversity and Conservation Status of Ornamental Fish in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia is an area rich in biodiversity and several fish population be potential to ornamental fish development. Ornamental fish development is one of interesting commodities because it has a broad market share both locally and export. Increased demand for ornamental fish in the market leads breaders or traders who make ornamental fish as a potential commodity and its can impact on fish conservation. However, the potential of ornamental fish had not been properly recorded so that mapping needs to undertake. This study aims to know the diversity of fish which traded and the condition of business actors, especially in the Tegallega ornamental fish market, Bandung. The research was conducted through interviews and direct observations in the field from January to February 2018. The results showed that there were 55 species of fish belonging to 27 Families; the most popular fish is Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Two species including to Endangered (EN) category, one species including to Vulnerable (VU) category, 24 species including to Least Concern (LC) category, three species including to category of Data Deficient (DD), and nine species including to category of Not Evaluated (NE). This data can be used to be more information about the conditions of ornamental fish commodities for businessman, fisheries services, academics, and management strategies by goverment regarding ornamental fish
Pemanfaatan Cladophora glomerata untuk menurunkan Zat Organic pada Limbah Laundry dengan Pencahayaan Artificial
No full textMacroalgae is an alternative technology for reduce organic content in wastewater. This study develop the performance of Cladophora glomerata species as a Macroalgae to remove laundry wastewater pollutants with artificial light. Light exposure conducted in 12 hours and 24 hours exposure to the algal reactor with nutrient variance concentration. The results of this study showed that macroalgae succeeded in reducing organic matter as COD to ±25.81% and BOD to ±54% within in 5 days. Performance of algae to decrease organic substance determine the effect algal-bacteria symbiosis which prevail in the reactor. Furthermore, nutrient content could affect the algal ability to remove the organic substanc
Daily Activity of Male Mice (Mus musculus) in Laboratory
No full textThe importance of observing the behavior of mice in the laboratory is additional information to compare with their behavior in nature and an effort to increase the welfare of mice (animal welfare) through alleviating the pain and suffering associated with scientific procedures. This study aims to study the daily activities of male mice in the laboratory. The method used was ad libitum and focal animal sampling. Based on the ad libitum sampling method, the daily activities of male mice in the laboratory were divided into 9 activities, namely locomotion, grooming, eating, foraging, social, exploration, resting, making nests, and drinking. Based on the focal animal sampling method, the main activity carried out by male mice in the laboratory was locomotion
FORMULASI KRIM HERBAL KULIT PISANG AGUNG SEMERU LUMAJANG TERHADAP Candida albicans dan Staphylococcus aureus
No full textSkin cream, is one of the dosage forms, which contain little water content, and is widely used both as a medicinal and cosmetic cream. This study made an herbal cream formulation based on Agung Semeru banana skin of Lumajang variety which was known as an antimicrobial at a concentration of 100% which would then be tested for its ability as an antimicrobial against the growth of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The method used in this study is using the paper disk Diffusion method with 6 repetitions, where data in the form of inhibitory zone diameters were analyzed using 1% One Way ANOVA test and continued with Duncan\u27s test at 1%. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between the treatment groups (α = 0,000), where the cream formulation of the Candida albicans fungi showed a larger inhibition zone diameter (22.50 ± 1.70 mm) than the inhibitory zone diameter in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (21 , 50 ± 1.68 mm).Skin cream, is one of the dosage forms, which contain little water content, and is widely used both as a medicinal and cosmetic cream. This study made an herbal cream formulation based on Agung Semeru banana skin of Lumajang variety which was known as an antimicrobial at a concentration of 100% which would then be tested for its ability as an antimicrobial against the growth of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The method used in this study is using the paper disk Diffusion method with 6 repetitions, where data in the form of inhibitory zone diameters were analyzed using 1% One Way ANOVA test and continued with Duncan\u27s test at 1%. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between the treatment groups (α = 0,000), where the cream formulation of the Candida albicans fungi showed a larger inhibition zone diameter (22.50 ± 1.70 mm) than the inhibitory zone diameter in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (21 , 50 ± 1.68 mm)