Jurnal Biota
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Exploration of Plastic Degrading Bacteria in the Musi River, PalembangCity
Full text linkMusi River is a waterway in South Sumatra that faces increasing plastic pollution, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human life. This study aims to identify and evaluate plastic-degrading bacteria from Musi River using phenotypic and molecular approaches. The methods of this study include bacterial isolation, plastic degradation test, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to assess degradation efficiency and changes in surface morphology, phenotypic and molecular identification. The results showed that isolates S1I3, S1I5, and S2I1 had high plastic degradation potential, with levels of 38.03%, 34.73%, and 30.46%, respectively. SEM observations showed changes in surface morphology, including pores and cracks. Molecular identification confirmed that S1I3 was Bacillus proteolyticus (99.87%), while S1I5 and S2I1 matched Bacillus cereus (100%)
Modulatory Effects of Fucoidan on Paracetamol-induced Hepatic Damage and Histological Alterations in Rasbora lateristriata
Full text linkParacetamol overdose is a well-documented cause of hepatic injury across vertebrate species, including teleost fish. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae, against paracetamol-induced liver damage in Rasbora lateristriata. Fish were divided into five experimental groups and exposed to paracetamol (3 mg/L), either alone or in combination with fucoidan at concentrations of 50, 100, or 300 µg/mL, for seven days. Histopathological evaluation of liver tissues was performed using hematoxylin–eosin staining, with semi-quantitative scoring focused on hydropic degeneration, nuclear pyknosis, and necrosis. The results demonstrated that paracetamol exposure induced moderate hepatocellular injury, characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, apoptotic nuclear alterations, and necrotic lesions. Co-treatment with fucoidan at 300 µg/mL was associated with reduced severity across all histopathological parameters, indicating partial hepatoprotective effects. In contrast, the 50 µg/mL fucoidan group exhibited paradoxically severe hydropic degeneration despite the absence of pyknosis and necrosis, suggesting a delayed or altered injury profile. Intermediate outcomes were observed at 100 µg/mL. Overall, fucoidan exhibited dose-dependent but inconsistent hepatoprotective effects. The observed histological variability across concentrations suggests that protection may be influenced by factors such as bioavailability, cellular uptake, or interactions with intracellular stress pathways. These findings highlight the need for further mechanistic investigations before fucoidan can be considered a reliable hepatoprotective agent in aquatic toxicology
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response: A Literature Review on Metabolic Health
Full text linkThe gut microbiota, a community of microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, plays a crucial role in human health, particularly in regulating immune function and metabolism. This study aims to explore the contributions of the gut microbiota to immune responses and metabolic health, as well as its role in preventing chronic diseases. Through a literature review approach, an analysis was carried out regarding the latest findings of the role of microbiota in producing metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which act as anti-inflammatory agents and strengthen mucosal integrity. A balanced gut microbiota helps regulate immune function, inhibit pathogen colonization, and support overall metabolic health. However, lifestyle factors such as high-sugar, low-fiber diets, antibiotic misuse, stress, and inadequate sleep can disrupt this microbial balance, often leading to dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbiota, may trigger metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular conditions. This study underscores the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiota for disease prevention and long-term health promotion, as well as raising awareness about the impact of lifestyle choices on gut health.The gut microbiota, a community of microorganisms within the digestive tract, plays a pivotal role in human health by regulating both immune function and metabolism. This review examines the contributions of the gut microbiota to immune responses and metabolic health, as well as its role in preventing chronic diseases. We employed a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) literature review spanning the last 50 years and analyzed 100 articles related to Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response. The inclusion criteria encompassed all studies focusing on the gut microbiota’s impact on metabolic and immune functions, while non-relevant studies were excluded. Our analysis highlights recent findings on the microbiota’s ability to produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and reinforce mucosal integrity. A balanced gut microbiota supports immune regulation, inhibits pathogen colonization, and optimizes metabolic processes. However, lifestyle factors—including high-sugar, low-fiber diets, antibiotic misuse, stress, and insufficient sleep—can disrupt this microbial equilibrium and lead to dysbiosis. Such imbalances can precipitate metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular conditions. This review underscores the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiota for disease prevention and long-term health, as well as the need to raise awareness about the impact of lifestyle choices on gut health
The Effect of Amphidromus palaceus and Lissachatina fulica land snail mucus on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkTreatment with natural ingredients is essential for healing incision wounds. One promising natural remedy is land snail mucus, which has been used for centuries to address various health conditions, including wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mucus from Amphidromus palaceus and Lissachatina fulica on collagen density during the healing process of incision wounds in Rattus norvegicus. The in vivo study included 36 rats, divided into four cages with nine rats per cage. Each of rats subjected to approximately 1 cm incision wounds on their backs. The rats were divided into four groups: a negative control group (KN) receiving aquades, a positive control group (KP) treated with 1% bioplacenton, treatment group 1 (P1) receiving 25 µL of A. palaceus mucus, and treatment group 2 (P2) receiving 25 µL of L. fulica mucus. The experiment concluded on days H3, H5, H7, and H10. Histological preparations were made using MT staining to assess collagen density. The results showed both species of snail mucus significantly increased collagen density compared to the negative control (aquades). However, there were no statistically significant differences when comparing L. fulica, A. palaceus, and bioplacenton. Among all the treatment groups, L. fulica mucus (P2) produced the highest collagen density. These findings suggest that both types of snail mucus hold promising potential in promoting the wound healing process
The Potential Utilization of Non-Productive Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) Trunks for Pulp and Bioenergy Applications
Full text linkThe sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) has considerable potential as a biomass resource and as a raw material for pulp production. In West Sumatra, particularly in the Tanah Datar and Lima Puluh Kota regencies, cultivation areas cover approximately 376.75 ha and 285.00 ha, respectively. Although sap extraction for palm sugar and bioethanol remains the primary use, non-productive trunks are largely underutilized. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of these trunks, focusing on fiber dimensions, chemical composition, and calorific value. Trunks from Lima Puluh Kota exhibited longer fibers (2.70–2.97 mm), higher felting power (90.33), and favorable Runkel ratios, resulting in a Class I fiber quality rating for pulp production. In contrast, samples from Tanah Datar were classified as Class II. The trunks also showed cellulose contents ranging from 35.21% to 64.63% and moderate lignin levels (8.02–18.40%), both of which are advantageous for pulping. However, the calorific values (2,675–3,374 cal/g) were below national and international standards for biomass fuels. Overall, these findings suggest that non-productive sugar palm trunks are better suited for pulp and paper applications than for bioenergy production. Optimizing their use could support circular economy development while increasing value for local communities
Induction of in Vitro Germination of Tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kostrem.): Effect of Antioxidants and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Full text linkThe bark of tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kostrem.) is commonly used as a medicine for diabetes. Regeneration of this plant is difficult, and continuous harvesting of the bark leads to a decrease in the plant population. The purpose of this research is to apply tissue culture techniques for the propagation of tandui. Different antioxidants (KNO3, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Murashige and Skoog (MS) media + PVP, and MS + ascorbic acid) and varying concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 mg L–1) were tested for embryogenic tandui. The application of KNO3 and PVP suppressed the formation of browning in the media and explant of tandui. Soaking the explants in KNO3 and PVP reduce browning to 35% and 20%, respectively. The results also showed that increasing the concentration of 2,4-D enhanced the percentage of embryogenic tandui. Supplementing the media with 1.4 mg L–1 2,4-D resulted in 90% of embryogenic tandui. This study demonstrates that pre-soaking explants in antioxidants significantly reduces media browning, and supplementation of MS media with 2,4-D enhance embryogenic process. Thus, micropropagation of tandui could be achieved on a commercial basis
Distribution of Uromycladium acaciae disease on Acacia mearnsii woodlots; response and farmers’ cultural management practices in Fagita Lekoma district, Ethiopia
Full text linkAcacia mearnsii-based rotational cropping was introduced to Ethiopia\u27s highlands in the past two decades for its charcoal production and soil enhancement benefits. However, since 2020, plantations have been threatened by disease infestation. This study examines the distribution of Uromycladium acaciae on Acacia mearnsii and its management options in Fagita Lekoma, Ethiopia. Using systematic sampling, 28 woodlots were established. Data collection employed transect walks, 140 household interviews, 11 informant interviews, and 3 group discussions. Plantation size was analyzed using analysis of variance, while the relationship between education level and disease management decisions was tested using chi-square with R-software. Results revealed that only 4.5-, 5.5-, and 6.5-year plantations were observed during field assessment. Plantations less than 4-year old were not observed. New plantings in the past three consecutive years were abandoned. Complete (100%) distribution occurred in woodlots aged 4.5 and 5.5 years, however, a slight reduction (90.3%) was observed in 6.5-year woodlots. Seedlings and younger trees were more damaged than mature trees. Tree producers did not implement any cultural control measures and lacked information about the occurrence, identity, and damage caused by diseases. Instead, they converted their younger plantations to other land uses and harvested older ones for fences, firewood, and charcoal. The disease was perceived as severe during the rainy seasons (74.6%). Most respondents (94.3%) were still interested in production and related activities, while 5.7% were strongly discouraged. Commencing plantations with a mix of non-target, fast-growing, and environmentally-friendly trees is ideal. Research on the integrated management of Uromycladium acaciae should be strengthened
Potensi Antidiare dan Profil Fitokimia Ekstrak Elaeocarpus longifolius (Jambu Wer) dengan Perbedaan Pelarut
No full textThe ethnopharmacological significance of Elaeocarpus longifolius (Jambu Wer), an indigenous medicinal plant of the Tengger Tribe, remains underexplored. This study evaluates the antibacterial and phytochemical properties of E. longifolius fruit extracts using ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform as solvents. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae, pathogens commonly associated with severe diarrhea, using the agar disk-diffusion method. Phytochemical screening was conducted using reagent-based tests and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The ethanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones exceeding 20 mm against both bacterial species. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins (compounds known for their pharmacological properties). These findings highlight the potential of E. longifolius ethanol extract as a promising natural therapeutic candidate for the development of Fitofarmaka targeting diarrheal diseases.
Relevansi etnofarmakologi tanaman obat asli Suku Tengger, khususnya Elaeocarpus longifolius (Jambu Wer), masih belum banyak dieksplorasi. Penelitian ini menyelidiki sifat antibakteri dan fitokimia buah E. longifolius menggunakan berbagai ekstrak pelarut: etanol, n-heksana, etil asetat, dan kloroform. Ekstrak tersebut diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae, patogen yang terkait dengan diare berat. Ekstrak etanol menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terkuat, dengan zona penghambatan melebihi 20 mm terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut. Skrining fitokimia mengidentifikasi alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin dalam ekstrak etanol, senyawa yang dikenal karena sifat bioaktifnya. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol E. longifolius berpotensi sebagai agen terapeutik alami untuk pengembangan Fitofarmaka yang menargetkan penyakit diare
Satellite-derived Sea Level Height Trend and Variation associated with Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) catch rates in the Makassar Strait
Full text linkSea level is a key oceanographic variable that exhibits both spatial and temporal variability and serves as an important indicator of global and regional ocean–climate variability, which can influence fishery productivity. Using satellite observation data, this study aimed to identify patterns and fluctuations in sea level trends and variability, and to examine their effects on the catch rates of Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in the Makassar Strait over a ten-year period (2013–2022). Sea level time series were generated through averaging calculations and spatial mean mapping to characterize sea level distribution. Histogram analysis was applied to determine the frequency of catch per unit effort (CPUE) across different sea level ranges. The results showed that mean sea level in the Makassar Strait during the study period ranged from 0.48 to 0.78 m. Clear annual and seasonal sea level variability was observed, with higher values (0.65–0.70 m) during the northwest monsoon and lower values (0.50–0.60 m) during the southeast monsoon. Over the ten-year period, sea level increased by approximately 0.13 m. The highest CPUE of Eastern Little Tuna was associated with sea levels between 0.60 and 0.65 m. Histogram analysis further indicated that this sea level range corresponded to the maximum CPUE values. In contrast, higher sea levels ranging from 0.75 to 0.80 m were associated with the lowest CPUE, value of 30 kg/trip
Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on the Growth Performance of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) under Acidic Soil Conditions in Smallholder Farmer Fields
Full text linkThis research examines the impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield, sugar content, and betalain concentration of beetroot cultivated in acidic soil (pH 4-5) within the farmer\u27s field at Khadimnagar, Sylhet, Bangladesh. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to assess six fertilizer treatments combining varying rates of Urea, MoP, TSP, and vermicompost. This study aimed to evaluate how integrated nutrient management affects the growth, yield, and quality of beetroot in acidic soil conditions. The results indicated significant effects of the treatments on the majority of parameters. Key findings showed that moderate nutrient application (T3: 300-150-300 kg/ha N-P-K + 3500 kg/ha vermicompost) produced the highest yield (26.75 t/ha), with significant improvements in root weight, length, diameter, and betalain content. In contrast, excessive fertilization (T5) led to reduced yield and quality, while no fertilization (T0) resulted in the poorest performance. The highest sugar content (Brix%) was observed in T2 at 7.775%, suggesting a positive effect of moderate nutrient application. The results indicate that a combination of N-P-K at 300-150-300 kg/ha with vermicompost at 3500 kg/ha is optimal for improving beetroot quality and productivity in slightly acidic soils. The control group (T0) exhibited the lowest performance across all measured parameters. The study highlights the importance of balanced nutrient management in acidic soils. The data suggests that higher nutrient doses (T3 and T5) lead to significant improvements in beetroot growth, quality, and yield, with T3 generally showing superior performance across key metrics. Further field trials are recommended to validate these findings across broader agroecological contexts