Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Blood Biochemical Components and Progesterone Hormone on Day of Estrus in Crossbred Cattle in Egypt
Full text linkDeficiencies or excess minerals such as P, Cu, and Zn are associated with subnormal fertility and anoestrus conditions in cows. This study was conducted in a veterinary unit in Menufiya, Egypt. Eighteen head of crossbred cows were randomly selected at random at estrus time (estrus group) and as a control 14 head of crossbred cows were selected from newly-calving dams at about 6-12 hours after calving (control group). The aim of this study was to use the components of biochemistry and progesterone hormone on estrus day of crossbreeding cattle in Egypt. The information from this study will be used to confirm estrus time to improve mating percentage. In blood plasma, the concentrations of all biochemical components and progesterone concentrations in estrus animals are higher than control cows except globulin. The results showed that blood plasma from control animal obtained Mg, Ca / P ratio, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo concentration is higher than estrus cattle. On the other hand, blood plasma concentrations of Na, K, Ca, P, Mn, and Fe are higher in estrus cattle. The progesterone concentration of estrus cattle is lower during summer than in winter. In estrus cows, higher plasma macro-elements were found in winter than in summer except for K, Ca and Ca/P ratio. On the other side of estrus cattle, all trace elements of blood plasma are higher in winter than in summer except Zn, Mn, Se, and Fe
Aflatoxin M1 in fresh dairy milk from small individual farms in Indonesia
Full text linkThis present study was aimed to investigate the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) residue in fresh dairy milk collected from small dairyl farms. A total of 104 samples of fresh cow's milk were collected in Pengalengan-Bandung and Sukabumi (West Java province), and Tanggamus (Lampung province) in April and September 2012. All samples were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography and detected with fluorescence detector after extraction with organic solvents. Contamination of AFM1 was found on 1.96% (1/51) from the samples collected in April 2012 at concentration of 1.20 ng/L and 39.63% (21/53) from the samples collected in September 2012 at concentration of 1.20 ng/L 1.0 – 34.1 ng/L. Those positive samples were obtained from Pangalengan and Sukabumi, but none for those samples collected from Tanggamus both on collection time April nor September 2012. In those positive samples for AFM1, there is no sample contained AFM1 above the maximum level (ML) regulated in Indonesia (500 ng/L or 0.5 µg/L). Low contamination levels of AFB1 in the range of 0.38 to 6.64 µg/kg found in supplemental feed samples from the same sampling time and locations. The findings of AFM1 contamination in raw fresh milk from this study caused no harm to the consumers. However, regular monitoring on the presence of AFM1 in dairy milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in dairy cattle feed is necessary to ensure the protection of human health
The growth of local white muscovy during starter and grower periods
Full text linkLivestock animals with relatively fast growth and great body weight are potential as a producer of meat. In Indonesia, the local muscovy, especially the feathered white is one of the meat-producing livestock. However, an analysis of the growth on local white muscovy is still rarely done. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the point of inflection as growth variables, thus simplifying the preparation of development programs of local white muscovy. A total of 168 of the local unsex white muscovy were examined for their growth since the DOD until 112 days of age. The data of growth i.e. body weight individually examined in every two weeks. The data were analyzed using Gompertz model. The result obtained was the growth equation of local white Muscovy based on the model of Gompertz: Y=2591.3*exp (-3.8636*exp-0.0272*t). Based on these equations, the point of inflection of the local white muscovy occurred at the age of 50 days with a weight of 953.29 g. The maximum body weight gain achieved was 2591.30 g. It is conclude that the growth of local white muscovy was relatively slow, but the body weight was very heavy
Ultrasonographic and vaginal cytological diagnostics of the Queen
Full text linkUltrasonography is a diagnostic method to image the conditions of reproductive organs and it could be supported by vaginal cytology to identify the activities of the ovaries by the types of vaginal exfoliate cells. The aims of this study was to observe reproduction organ through ultrasonography with supportive diagnostic with vaginal cytological assessment. A total of 10 individual queens were used in this study and then grouped into intact group (n=5) and spayed (ovariohysterectomy) group (n=5) based on the anamneses or their medical history. The vagina, cervix, uterus body and horns, and ovaries were imaged and measured by ultrasound. Vagina, uterine body and horn seem as pipe-like structures with hyperechoic outer lines. The lumen in uterine body and horn seem as a hyperechoic structure. The ovaries seem as round- or oval-shaped structures with anechoic follicles. The corpus luteal has thick wall and seen as anechoic in its centre part. The corpus albicans seems as a hyperechoic structure. The vagina of spayed queens seemed more corrugated than those intact queens. The cervix is seen as a hyperechoic structure linking the vagina and uterine body. Exfoliate vaginal epithelial cell types were then also be identified and counted on each queens. The results of vaginal cytology showed that proestrus occured in 3 intact queens, late metestrus in 1 intact and 3 spayed queens, anestrus in 1 spayed queen, and unidentifiable estrus stage in 1 intact and 1 spayed queens. Moreover, the morphology of cervix and uterine was affected by the activity of ovary
Supplementation of inorganic and organic zinc mixtures in feed of Boerka goats fed by oil palm fronds
Full text linkZinc is an element of many enzymes and hormones having very important physiological functions in the body so that it influences the production and reproduction of animals including the activity of the rumen microflora in degrading fiber in a diet. The aim of this study was to improve the performances of goats offered oil palm fronds based diets through the supplementation of 35 ppm of Zn in the form of inorganic (ZnO) and organic zinc (Zn-methionine). Thirty mature male crossing Boer x Kacang (Boerka) goats were divided into five groups and randomly allocated to one of the five feed treatments as follows: P1: complete feed based on the palm oil fronds (Control), P2: P1 + 35 ppm Zn (100% Zn0), P3: P1 + 35 ppm Zn (75% Zn0 + 25% Zn-methionine), P4: P1 + 35 ppm Zn (50% Zn0 + 50% Zn-methionine), P5: P1 + 35 ppm Zn (25% Zn0 + 75% Zn-methionine). The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design of six replications. Increasing the proportion of Zn methionine in the mixtures elevated feed consumption, and the highest feed intake was observed in goats received 75% Zn-methionine/25% ZnO. Daily body weight gains was only affected (P0.05) by the 75% Zn-methionine/25% ZnO supplement. The concentration of Zn in the blood increased significantly (P0.05) when Zn methionine was added and it increased steadily as the proportion of Zn methionine greater in the mixtures, but the VFA compositions of the rumen were not affected (P0.05) by Zn supplementation. It is concluded that the performances of goat fed complete diets based on the oil palm fronds could be improved by supplementation of inorganic and organic Zn mixture
Path analysis of exogenous variables against technology adoption levels of dairy cattle in West Sumatera
Full text linkPath analysis of the regression equation can be used to see the direct and also indirect influence of some exogenous variables against endogenous variables. The rate of feed technology adoption as an endogenous variables can be directly or indirectly influenced by some exogenous variables. The purpose of this research was to test multiple exogenous characteristics variables of dairy cows farms against the feed technology adoption rate as endogenous variables, through path analysis. Research conducted in the city of Padang Panjang, West Sumatra in particular farmer group of dairy cattle in 2016. Endogenous variable is the level of adoption of feed technology (Z). Whereas the exogenous variables are the level of education (X1), the age of farmer (X3), the amount of cow's lactation (X2), farm scale (Y1) and milk production (Y2). The last two variables are variables which are bridging the influence indirectly. Obtained results showed that only X3 which directly influenced Z, with a value of ρZx3 = 0.834 and P = 0.018. Other variables X1 and X2 partly significantly influenced Y1 and X2 significantly influenced Y2 with value of path coefficient in successively ρy1x1 = 0.133 and P = 0.040; ρy1x2 = 0.982 and P = 0.000; ρy2x2 = 0.841 and P = 0.008. Therefore, there was no special model of causal relationships between the empirical variables X and Y against Z, except the X3 which had structure model Z = ρZx3 X3 + ρZε2 = 0.834 X3 + 0.217 ε2. It was concluded that the age strongly influenced the feeding technology adoption. The older the age of farmers, the more difficult for adopting recommended technology
Genetic diversity and structure of native Egyptian cattle populations and French-Egyptian Cross via DNA-microsatellite
Full text linkThis study investigates genetic diversity and structure of native Egyptian cattle populations, called Baladi, as Saidi from Southern Egypt, Menufi from Mid-Delta and their F1 crosses with the French Tarentaise breed using DNA Microsatellite markers. A total of unrelated 97 individuals were genotyped utilizing eight SSR primers (ETH10, ETH225, BM1818, BM1824, BM2113, SPS115, TGLA53 and TGLA126). All utilized SSR were found to be polymorphic. The highest and lowest numbers of alleles detected were 16 and 6 at TGLA53 and SPS115 loci, respectively. Baladi-Tarentaise crosses (Bal-Tar) had the highest number of alleles over all. The PIC values of 7 loci were higher than 0.5, indicating high allelic variation of utilized markers. Estimated PIC values were up to 0.898, 0.866 and 0.873 for TGLA53 genotyped in Saidi, Menufi and Bal-Tar, respectively. Hobs values were lower than the expected ones in the native populations accompanied with positive values for Fis and significant deviation from HWE indicating inbreeding trend in native populations. Structure analysis indicated three ancestral genetic backgrounds. The native populations share two main backgrounds in almost equal percentages, while the Bal-Tar had the third one. The three populations showed low percentage of admixture. The studied Mediterranean cattle populations that belong to Egypt and France seem to have differentiated from each other with only little genetic exchange between the geographically isolated populations so local cattle is very similar
Primordial germ cells profile incubated for 24 hours in phosphate buffer saline [-] solution
Full text linkGonadal development is a sequential process that can be divided into three major events: the PGCs migration, sex determination and gonadal differentiation. This study was aimed to see the development of PGCs isolated from the gonads of embryos after being incubated for 7 days and then was incubated using a solution of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) [-]. The developing gonad can be isolated from 7 days old chick and can be incubated at a temperature of 37.8oC in a solution of PBS [-]: without Ca2+ and Mg2+. The release of gonadal PGC was observed within 1, 8, 16, and 24 hours after the embryonic gonad was placed in a PBS solution [-]. The results showed that PGCs can be separated from gonadal tissues and can be collected by entering the developing gonad to the PBS [-] solution. The highest percentage of PGCs and survival rate was obtained after gonad was incubated for 1 hour and was not different with 8 hours (P0.05). Those result was significantly different (P0.05) with the 16 and 24 hours incubation. The highest purity rate percentage was in the 8 hours incubation, but did not show a significant difference (P0.05) with the 1 and 16 hours incubation. The percentage of the purity differed (P0.05) after the 24 hours incubation. It can be concluded that the most appropriate incubation time to obtain PGCs from the KUB chicken embryonic gonad is no more than 8 hours
Study of BMP15 gene polymorphism in Boer, Kacang, and Boerka goats
Full text linkThe bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene or commonly called FecX (fecundity chromosome X) is a gene that controls the prolific properties. This study aims to identify the mutation of BMP15 gene and to analyze its polymorphism in Boer, Kacang, and Boerka goats. The total of 50 female goat bloods were identified using PCR-Sequencing method, 17 Boer, 16 Kacang and 17 Boerka respectively. BMP15 gene amplification resulted fragment with the length of 141 bp. Genotyping of BMP15 gene produced three genotypes. The result showed that BMP15 gene found two polymorphic SNP were analyzed by genotype frequency, allele frequency, heterozygosis and equilibrium of genotype in all population was detected by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (χ2). Sequence analysis results of BMP15 gene showed that there were two mutation between adenine (A) and guanine (G) bases and determination of genotype BMP15 gene produces three genotypes showed that there were GG, GA and AA. In conclusion, there was found the mutation of BMP15 gene in Boer, Kacang and Boerka goats and genetic polymorphism were identified using PCR-Sequencing method
Growth response of leucaena embryogenic callus on embryo age differences and Auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Full text linkLeucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) is a source of protein from the legume family. Tarramba varieties able to adapt well in tropical area such as West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. This study aimed to identify the growth response and embryogenic callus morphology of lamtoro (L. leucaena cv. Tarramba) in embryos different ages and auxin 2,4-D levels. This research was used explants derived from lamtoro (L. leucocephala cv. Tarramba) as much 400 explants. this study conducted of 16 treatments with two factors, the first factor is the provision of PGR 2,4-D concentration of 0.5 mg L-1, 1 mg L-1, 1.5 mg L-1 and 2 mg L-1. The second factor was the type of embryo such as mature embryo, cotyledon, heart, and pre-globular. Each treatment was repeated 25 replications. This study uses a randomized complete design (CRD) with two factor. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if there was significant difference, data were further analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range test. Analysis of variance showed that PGR 2,4-D at a concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 and the type of optimum embryo was mature embryo callus on parameters as height, diameter increment callus, and callus color scores were significantly different (P 0.05). callus texture parameter indicates results that are uniform throughout the treatment that was compact callus. Lamtoro plant embryogenic callus (L. leucocephala cv. Tarramba) indicate an optimal response at the concentration of PGR 2,4-D 1.5 mg L-1 and the type of embryo was mature embryo.