Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Substitution of mulberry leaf meal on feed intake, body weight and carcass characteristics of Tigray highland lambs
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of partial or full substitution of mulberry leaf meal for concentrate mix on performances of Tigray highland lambs. Thirty intact yearlings Tigray highland male lambs (average initial body weights of 17.8±0.95 kg) were separated into 6 groups based on their live weight with each groups assigned 5 treatment diets (RCBD), that are: T1: 300 g concentrate mix alone, T2: 225 g concentrate mix + 86.55 g mulberry leaf, T3: 150 g concentrate mix + 173.1 g mulberry leaf, T4: 75 g concentrate mix + 259.7 g mulberry leaf and T5: 346.2 g mulberry leaf alone. The treatments diets were designed in such a way that concentrate mix was progressively replaced by mulberry leaf meal from 0% to 100% at iso-nitrogenous level. Lambs were adapted to experimental diets for 15 days, and after adaptation period, feeding trial was conducted. Results reveal that complete substitution of concentrate mix by mulberry leaf meal showed in higher (P0.05) total dry matter, organic matter, NDF and ADF intake than the sole concentrate mix. The growth performance parameters resulted comparable across all the treatment diets. The slaughter weight and empty weight resulted higher (P0.05) in sole mulberry leaf meal as compared to the whole concentrate mix supplemented lambs. On the other hand, the dressing percentage on empty body weight base and hot carcass weight showed less difference (P0.05) across the different treatments. Therefore, mulberry foliage could potentially be used to replace concentrate mix as a feed supplement for the small holder farmers in Ethiopia
Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken
Full text linkOne of local chicken breeds develop in Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) is local SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken. This new improved local-meat-type breed was released with Ministry Agriculture Decree Number 39/Kpts/PK.020/1/2017 on 20th January 2017. SenSi-1 Agrinak was originally selected from native Sentul chicken breed obtained from Ciamis district in West Java Province. Selection criteria were two feather colors of grey or black spotted white (pucak), which were applied to both males and females. Pea-comb type was also one criterion for males, applied at the age of 10 weeks. Live weight at the age of 10 weeks with the selection intensity of 25% was applied to each generation of males chicken. Selection proceeded for six generations. Selection program was carried out under standard feed formulae containing around 17% crude protein with 2850 kcal ME/ kg, and containing other nutrients following the ones recommended for modern chicken of White Leghorn. Observation was conducted on each of about 2000 young chickens of grey and of Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak both males and females age of 10 and 84 weeks. Results showed that grey SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Grey feather color distribution of 55.51% in males, and 60.77% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 52.51% in males, and 33.33% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 90.98% in males, and 89.23% in females; iv). Ten weeks live weight of 886.38+142.93 g/bird in males, and 739.17+ 118.87 in females. Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Pucak feather color of 75.65% in males, and 8330% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 51.91% in males, and 36.59% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 91.55% in males, and 92.28% in females; iv) Ten weeks live weight of 908.76+ 130.98 g/bird in males, and 750.53+ 110.56 g/bird in females. Whilst for grey SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken after selection had live weight at 10 weeks old of 1015+107 g/bird, and for Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken was 1051+76 g/bird. This initial performance information for those two breeds of considerably improved local chicken can be used as the base of information for SenSi-1 Agrinak breed for male line of meat type of local chicken breeding
Effect of Bali cattle ovarian status on oocytes nuclear maturation and in vitro fertilization rate
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the reproductive status influences the nuclear maturation and fertilization rates of bali cattle oocytes in vitro. Several pairs of ovary were classified into four groups: 1) ovaries with Corpus Luteum (CL) and Dominant Follicle (DF), 2) ovaries without CL and with DF, 3) ovaries with CL and without DF, 4) ovaries without both CL and DF. In the first experiment, oocytes were collected by slicing method in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 100 IU/ml penicillin streptomycin. Oocytes were matured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 10 IU/ml Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), 10 IU/ml Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and 50 μg/ml gentamycin. Oocytes were matured in 5% CO2 incubator, 38oC for 24 h. In the second experiment, oocytes were matured and then fertilized in vitro to observe pronuclear formation. The first experiment showed that the percentage of oocytes reached methaphase-II (MII) stage on ovaries with CL and without DF (89.47%) were higher (P0,01) compared to ovaries without both CL and DF (75,47%), ovaries without CL and with DF (74.,41%), or ovaries with CL and DF (65,52%). The result of second experiment showed that the ovarian reproductive status was not significantly different (P0.05) on fertilization rate
The effect of adding glucomannan derived from porang tuber extract (Amorphopallus onchophyllus) on dietary protein utilization in broiler chicken
No full textThe aims of this study was to evaluate the affect of dietary addition of glucomannan derived from porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber extract (GEUP) in broiler ration on performance of broiler chicken. There were 160 birds of day old broiler chicks of New Lohmann strain with average initial body weight of 42.08±0.86 g. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication consisted of 8 birds. The treatments applied were T0 = basal ration, T1 = T0 + 0.05% GEUP, T2 = T0 + 0.10% GEUP, T3 = T0 + 0.15% GEUP and T4 = T0 + 0.20% GEUP. The parameters observed were protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, meat calcium and protein mass. The results showed that dietary addition of GUEP significantly (P 0.05) increased coefficient of protein digestibility, meat calcium and protein mass, but had no affect on nitrogen retention. The highest protein digestibility and meat calcium mass were shown at T4, but it was not significantly different from T3, and T2 for protein digestibility. While the highest meat protein mass was at T2 but it was not different with T3 and T4. The conclusion of the study was that dietary supplementation of glucomannan derived from porang tuber extract in broiler up to 0.15% (T3) increased protein digestibility, meat calcium and protein mass with similar nitrogen retention
Genetic variability of ESAG6/7 gene Trypanosoma evansi
Full text linkTrypanosoma evansi as an agent of Surra is one of the crucial parasitic diseases that cause great economic losses in Indonesia. These parasites need iron for growth and propagation phase which is obtained by receptor-mediated uptake of host transferin. The transferrin receptors are encoded by Expression Site Associated Genees (ESAGs). ESAG6/7 encodes transferrin receptors which reported have different affinities of a different host. The distinction of T. evansi pathogenicity is supposed to cause variability in the ESAG6/7 gene. This research was aimed to investigate the variability of genes ESAG6/7 T. evansi with different virulence in mice. This research was conducted in two steps: bioassay pathogeneicity in mice and analysis of ESAG6/7 gene sequences. The median survival time of mice was investigated after each group of mice infected by 25 T. evansi isolates from buffaloes where its geographically differ. The test results showed a difference of pathogenic virulence on 25 T. evansi isolates in mice. Sequence analysis of the ESAG6/7 gene from 25 T. evansi isolates origin from Indonesia tended to be homogeneous on the transferrin binding site but there was variability in the hypervariable site. These changes are able to separate high and low virulence of the T. evansi isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis was formed 11 clades of 25 T. evansi. High virulence T. evansi was included in clades 7 and 10, while low virulence T. evansi was included in clade 5 and 11 and the moderate virulence was divided into those four clades
Ultrasonography of udder parenchymal tissue of Murrah and Swamp buffalo calves
Full text linkThe examination of udder through a parameter such as parenchymal tissue (PAR) and mammary fat pads (MFP) can be used to evaluate health status and the development of mammary gland. This research was conducted to evaluate the PAR and MFP of Murrah (n=4) and Swamp (n=4) buffalo heifer calve udder using brightness-mode ultrasonography transcutaneously. Eight buffalo consisted of Murrah (n=4) and Swamp (n=4) buffalo aged of six months old reared at Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor were used this study. Ultrasonography imaging was performed on the udder nipple for the four quarters: left front, left back, right front, and right back. The ultrasonography image was evaluated and then assessed for score, echogenicity and PAR area on MFP. The results showed that sonogram PAR was aniconic to hypoechoic, while the MFP was hypoechoic to hyperechoic. Even though there was a variation in the four quarters of udder, Murrah buffalo calve had the highest (P0.05) value of score, echogenicity, and PAR area compared to the Swamp buffalo
Epidemiology of traumatic myiasis due to Chrysomya bezziana in Indonesia
Full text linkEpidemiology of traumatic myiasis in Indonesia was studied by the widespread collection of fly larvae from infested livestock in passive case detection surveys involving veterinary clinics. In addition, monthly data from Kediri regency in Eastern Java were analysed from 2006-2009 to explore the seasonality of myiasis. Larvae from a total of 260 cases from the nationwide survey and 341 cases from Kediri were identified. Except for 5 cases of chicken infestation due to Musca species in the nationwide survey, all other cases were exclusively caused by the Old World screwworm (OWS) fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The monthly numbers of cases at Kediri were very variable, with cases in all months, but there was statistical evidence for an increase in cases in January and December, during the rainy season. The greatest numbers of infestations recorded were from cattle and goats. The most frequently infested sites nationwide and in Kediri were the vulva and umbilicus, associated with calving, which is a major risk period for traumatic myiasis. Mitochondrial DNA typing of 176 specimens was useful for detecting multiple infestations, but no association was found between genetic lineage and host. The equatorial climate of Indonesia, combined with poor husbandry systems are factors that help to support OWS fly development year round. Even if not considered a disease of strategic importance, screwworm myiasis remains a threat to livestock production in Indonesia and a major welfare issue that requires constant interventions by farmers. The new and collated epidemiological data presented represent the most extensive survey of traumatic myiasis in Indonesia to date and provide a valuable baseline to support integrated pest management programs
Bioactive substances of some herbals and their effectiveness as antioxidant, antibacteria and antifungi
Full text linkA study was conducted to explore the bioactive substances of some local plants in order to find their effectiveness as antioxidant, antibacteria and antifungi to be used as feed additives. Twelve plants material were used in this study. The total phenol, tannin and saponin contents in the plant extract were assayed. The extracts were also assayed on their antioxidant activities and on their ability to depress in vitro gas production of microbes obtained from chicken’s guts, their ability to inhibit growth of bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella enteridis) and fungi (A. niger). The results showed that the highest total phenol and total tannin contents were found in clove leaf extract, while the highest saponin content was found in Sapindus rarak fruit pericarp. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the leaffruit extract. Gas produced by microorganims was reduced to the level similar to antibiotic addition were found with addition of hexane- extract of leaffruit, kapok seed or methanol- extract of mangosteen fruit rind pulp or clove leaves. The best inhibitory effect on E. coli growth (measured by clearing zone) was found in methanol extract of S. rarak fruit. However, the most effective growth inhibitor for both E. coli and Salmonella was the liquid smoke of cashew nut shell. The best growth inhibitor for fungal growth was found in extract of clove leaves. Therefore, clove leaves extract (anti fungi), liquid smoke of cashew nut shell (antibacteria) and leaffruit (antioxidant) may have potential to produce feed additives to substitute antibiotic growth promoters
Supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid to increase in vitro digestibility of ammoniated corn cob in ruminants feed
Full text linkCorn cob contains high fiber and lignin which causes low nutritive value. The objective of the study was to improve the digestibility of ammoniated corn cob (CC) by supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA: valine, leucine and isoleucine). CC was processed by addition 3% urea. The first stage of in vitro test was done with 4 levels of molases 0, 5, 10 and 15% of dry matter (DM) of CC. The experiment was carried out using complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The second stage was also in vitro study of supplementation of two levels each for valine = V, leucine = L and isoleucine = I namely 0.1 and 0.2% of DM of ammoniated CC. There were 8 treatments combination of the BCAA as follow: A = V0.1 L0.1 I0.1; E = V0.2 L0.1 I0.1; B = V0.1 L0.1 I0.2; F = V0.2 L0.1 I0.2; C = V0.1 L0.2 I0.1; G = V0.2 L0.2 I0.1; D = V0.1 L0.2 I0.2; H = V0.2 L0.2 I0.2 and 1 control (V0.0 L0.0 I0.0). The experiments were done using completely randomized design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that treated CC with urea was able to increase protein content by 78% (increased from 3.34% to 5.95%) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased by 15.4%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 7.9% and lignin 16.7%. Addition of molasses in ammoniated CC increased DM digestibility (P 0.05) by 7.5% (41.9 vs 43.51-46.26%) and NDF by 17.7% (38.41 vs 43.76 – 46.31%). Supplementation of BCAA resulted in the highest DM, OM and NDF digestibility (P 0.05) in the treatment of A, C, D and G. Compare to treament I, the digestibility of DM, OM and NDF in G treatment increased by 31.4%, 27.5% and 36.5%, respectively and produced the highest total population of rumen bacterial of 12.4 x 109 colonies /ml. It can be concluded that the digestibility of ammoniated CC increased by the supplementation of 5% molases and BCAA combination consisted of 0.2% valine, 0.2% leucine and 0.1% isoleucine. Kata kunci: Tongkol jagung, amoniasi, molases, asam amino bercabang
Weight estimation of empty carcass and carcass cuts of female SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken
Full text linkSenSi-1 Agrinak chicken is Indonesian local chicken that was selected for growth rate for six generations. The aim of this study was to estimate of carcass weight and carcass cuts of female SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken, based on age and live weight. The chicks were reared intensively in colony wire cages and they were slaughtered with Islamic method when they reached age of 5, 8 and 15 weeks. Empty carcass and carcass cuts were weight in fresh. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis method. Results showed that the live weight had a high positive correlation to carcass weight and carcass cuts weight of female SenSi-1 Agrinak chickens aged 5, 8 and 15 weeks. Estimation of live weight, carcass, carcass cuts, gizzard, liver and abdominal fat of female SenSi-1 Agrinak, using mathematical model, showed small value differences (0.09 - 4.43%) from the actual data. It was concluded that female SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken’s carcass weight and carcass cuts, could be estimated based on of age in days and live-body weight in gram without slaughtering