Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Effect of cutting interval to productivity and quality of bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) as a forage promising commodity
Get PDFColeus amboinicus Lour is one of well known plant and commonly consumed by lactating women in North Sumatera. It is high, in iron and carotene contents. The objective of the research was to study the productivity of C. amboinicus at different cutting intervals. An experiment was carried out in glasshouse as pot trial. Four treatments of cutting interval were 30 days, 40 days, 50 days and 60 days with 10 replications. The treatment was arranged in randomized complete design. Parameters measured were shoot dry matter, and crude protein, Cu, Zn and B contents of leaves, at the beginning, middle and end of the experiment. Result shows that dry matter yield was significantly influenced by cutting interval (P 0.05). The highest shoot dry matter production was obtained at 60 days) cutting interval (34.1 g /plant ) and the lowest at 50 days cutting interval (19.6 g/plant). Similarly, crude protein and Cu, Zn and B content of shoot were also highest at 60 days cutting interval. The shoot dry matter production declined from first cutting to seventh cutting. Crude protein content at 60 days cutting interval was in a range of 12.31-15.59%. Key Words: Coleus amboinicus, Forage Production, Quality Minera
Utilization of probiotics for controlling clostridial necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens
Get PDFClostridial necrotic enteritis (CNE) is a common disease among rapidly growing broiler chickens. The purpose of this trial was to study the utilisation of probiotics in controlling experimental CNE in broiler chickens. Chicken normal gut bacterial flora (mucosal starter culture selective/MCS) was used as a competitive exclusion treatment in broiler chicken and its influence to the occurence of clostridial necrotic enteritis were observed. The study comprised of 4 broiler cages treatments of probiotics (2 different dose of MCS, commercial probiotic, 1 cage untreated as control). Probiotics were given orally upon arrival. All groups were given live coccidial vaccine (as predisposing factor for CNE) and challenged with 108 Clostridium perfringens tipe A and C spores on day 10 and 12. The results showed that the probiotics could reduced the incidence and severity of CNE after challenge and improved the performance of chickens treated. Untreated group showed 40% of the mortality due to CNE, and 30% of the chicken showed subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE). Key Words: Clostridial Necrotic Enteritis, Probiotics, Broiler Chicken
Heat stress effect and given of hexane extract jaloh bark (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) to cortisol level, triiodothyronine and hematology profile of broiler chickens
No full textPlasma concentration of cortisol and hematological profile on broiler chickens can be used as heat stress indicators. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of administration of n-hexane extract of jaloh bark (EHJ) on heat-stressed broiler chicken. Thirty broilers, aged 20 days (strain Cobb), were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was external control (tCP) i.e. chickens without heat stress and without EHJ administration. The second group was internal control (CP) representing chickens given heat stress without EHJ administration. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were chickens given heat stress and EHJ administration at doses 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg BW, respectively symbolized as CP+EHJ5, CP+EHJ10, and CP+EHJ20. The experimental broilers were exposed to heat stress in constant temperature of 33 ± 1oC for 4 hours daily for 5 and 10 days. The EHJ was given 1 hour before temperature in the cage was raised and was given in daily basis. The level of cortisol in feces were measured from feces collected 1-2 hours before treatment, 3-4 hours after heat stress exposure, and 2-3 hours after heat stress termination. This research indicated that heat stress at temperature 33 ± 1oC during 2 and 4 hours increased cortisol excretion in feces (P0.05) and increased ratio H : L (P0.10). The EHJ at dose of 10 mg/kg BW relatively gave more protection from heat stress impact on broilers. Key Words: Cortisol, Triiodothyronine, Heat Stress, Salix, Hematolog
Biological value (in vitro and in sacco) of chemically treated feather as rumen by pass protein source
Get PDFA series of experiments has been conducted to study chemical processing method of feather meal using hydrocloric acid (HCl) and to evaluate the biological values by in vitro and is sacco methods of the hydrolitic feather meal (HBA). Feather meal was hydrolyzed using four levels of HCl concentration (i.e.0, 6, 12 and 24%) in three incubation times (i.e. 2, 4, and 6 days). The hydrolysis reaction was carried out in closed container in the ratio of feather meal and HCl of 2:1 (w/v). In vitro evaluation was conducted to measure dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, DM solubility, ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content. In sacco to observe the degradation of HBA crude protein. Results of in sacco evaluation in rumen showed that soluble and degraded crude proteins (CP) were significantly only affected by HCl concentration (P0.01). The rate and the amount of degraded protein in 24 hours inclution in the rumen were affected by the HCl concentration and incubation time of hydrolysis. More amino acid degradation occurred on longer time showed that HCl had quadratic effect (P0,01) on pH of HBA. However durations of hydrolysis did not significantly affect acidity (P0.05). In vitro DM and OM digestibilities of HBA increased as the concentration of HCl was increased. The increase of DM digestibility followed the equation Y = -0.0231x3 + 0.7323x2 – 1.5716x + 12.383 (r = 0.994); and the OM digestibility followed the equation Y = -0.0229x3 + 0.7194x2 – 1.0606x + 15.951 (r = 0.993). Time of incubation, on the other hand, did not affect OM and DM digestibilities (P0.05). DM solubility of HBA was significantly affected by HCl concentration and the length of incubation time (P0.01). The increase of DM solubility was followed by the increase of NH3 content (P0.01). The relation between DM solubility and NH3 content followed the equation Y = 0.4365x + 5.4047 (r = 0.966). The increase of DM solubility followed the equation Y = -0.027x3 + 0.9596x2 – 4.8142x + 5.3878 (r = 0.973) and the increase of NH3 content followed the equation Y = -0.0085x3 + 0.3175x2 – 1.4139x + 7.0889 (r = 0.992). Result of in sacco evaluation showed that fraction of crude protein (CP) disolved and fraction of CP degraded in rumen was significantly affected by HCl concentration (P0.01), while the rate of CP degradation and the amount of fraction degraded during 24 hours in the rumen were affected by the HCl concentration and the durations of hydrolysis (P0.01) indicating that more feather meal protein was hydrolized by HCl, therefore weakened or cut the chain of amino acid in the feather protein. Treatment with 12% HCl for 4 days hydrolysis of feather meal resulted in CP fraction degradation during 24 hours incubation in the rumen of 53%, indicating that the potency of CP of HBA as rumen by pass protein was 47%. Key words: Chicken feather, HCl hydrolysis, digestibility by pass protei
Productivity of Sumateran Composite dan Barbados Cross sheep breed in the field condition
Get PDFTwo years field study has been carried out in the Purwakarta district , West Java, to evaluate sheep productivity of Sumateran Composite (K) and Barbados cross (BC) breeds introduced to the farmers, compared with locally thin tail sheep breed (L) that were maintained by the farmers. Genotype compositions of K sheep were Barbados Blackbelly 25%, St. Croix 25%, and Sumateran sheep 50%; and for BC were Barbados Blackbelly 50% and Sumateran sheep 50%. Sheep those were introduced was new breed from breeding improvement of Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production. Litter size of K, BC, and L ewes was 1.3; 1.4; and 1.5 respectively. Pre-weaning mortality rate were 5.0; 5.0 and 8.0% respectively for K, BC, and L lambs. Ewe Reproduction Rate (LRI = number of lamb at weaning/ewe/year) of L (2.14) was higher than BC (2.0) and K (1.85). The ewe productivity (PI = kg lambs/ewe/year) is the average of weaning weight timed LRI. Because the weaning weight of L (7.0 kg) were significantly lowest than BC (10.5 kg) and K (9.25 kg) will affect on PI. PI of L (14.98) ewe were significantly (P00.5) lowest than BC (21) and K (17.11). Body weight of crossbred (K X L and BCxL) under the same physiologic status were similarly with BC and K. According to the result of productivity evaluation of introduced sheep breed in the field condition, can be sumarize that productivity of K and BC sheep were significantly better than locally thin tail sheep. Key Words: Sumatera Composite, Barbados Blackbelly, Thin Tail Sheep, Productivity, Traditional Rearin
Dermatopathology of Caprine Scabies and Protective Immunity in Sensitised Goats Against Sarcoptes scabiei Reinfestation
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare macroscopic dermatopathology in naïve and sensitised goats, and to assess protective immunity possessed by sensitised goats against Sarcoptes scabiei challenge. Eighteen goats were allocated evenly into 3 groups; group 1 sensitised with the mite twice, group 2 once and group 3 was not sensitised (naïve). Sensitisation was done by infesting goats with the mites on the auricle and infestation was allowed to progress for 7 weeks, then the goats were treated with Ivermectin to obtain complete recovery. After sensitisation, all sensitised and naïve goats were infested with the mites on the auricles. Infestation in the sensitised goat caused severe immediate hypersensitivity that resulted in severe peracute pustular dermatitis. After one week, however, the lesion waned slowly. At 7 weeks post infestation, the remnant of lesion could only be perceived by palpation on the primary site of infestation as a mild papular dermatitis. Infestation on the naïve goats, in contrast, produced slowly progressing lesions which at 7-week post infestation, it ended up with severe crusted scabies affecting almost the whole skin. Antigens responsible for the immediate hypersensitivity which are supposedly contained in the mite secretions or excretions are immunologically protective but unlikely to have the capacity to induce a complete protection against mite challenge in immunised animals. This notion is based on the fact obtained from this study that goats sensitised twice did not possess a higher immune protection against mite challenge than goats sensitised once. Key words: Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae, sensitisation, protective immunity, immediate hypersensitiv
Phage typing and sensitivity test to antibiotics of Salmonella enteritidis isolates from Indonesia
Get PDFSalmonella enteritidis (SE) is frequently implicated in disease outbreaks such as human food poisoning. Phage typing have been proved to be a valuable and sensitive tool in the control of SE infections. The ability of phage to distinguish varieties among apparently identical serotypes led to the development and acceptance of phage typing as a significant epidemiological procedure. To determine the epidemiological pattern of SE, phage typing of 53 SE isolated from various sources in Indonesia during 1991–1999, has been conducted using 16 typing phages of phage typing scheme of SE obtained from the International Collaborating Center for Enteric Phage typing, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, UK. The lyse blood isosensitest was then used to test the sensitivity of the Salmonella isolates to antibiotics. The phage typing results obtained that of 53 Salmonella isolates there were one S. infantis, one S. berta, and 46 SE phage type 4, 2 SE phage type 7 (from chicken and water), 1 SE phage type 6 (from chicken) and 2 SE phage type 1 (from chicken). SE phage type 4 isolates comprised of 2 isolates from human, 19 isolates from chicken (young and adult), 17 isolates from day old chicks, 4 isolates from fluff, 2 isolates from chicken meat, 1 isolate from poultry farm water, 1 isolate from dog organ. These findings indicated that contaminated chicken appeared to be the sources of human and dog for SE infection. The results of sensitivity test of the isolates to antibiotics showed that most of the Salmonella isolates from Indonesia were resistant to the antibiotics tested. Key Words: Salmonella Enteritidis, Phage typing, Sensitivity test, Indonesia, Chicke
Growth respone, production and quality of grass resulted from addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and humic acid on acid soil with high aluminium content
Get PDFArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plant to uptake of low P availability in acid soils because of the ability of AMF to adapt from acid soil. Humic acid plays a role in adsorption metals such as Al. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of addition of AMF and humic acid to acid soils on growth, yield and quality of grass. A complete randomized design with factorial pattern was applied to two types of grasses, namely: Setaria splendida (Al-tolerance) and Chloris gayana (Al-sensitive). The first factor is the addition of AMF, which consists of two levels, namely: -AMF = without AMF. +AMF = with AMF. The second factor was the addition of humic acid which consists of four levels, namely: Ho = without humic acid, H60 = 60 ppm humic acid usage, H120 = 120 ppm humic acid usage and H180 = 180 ppm humic acid usage. Variables measured were dry matter production of shoot and roots, uptake of P and N, the production of phosphatase, root infection, the number of spores. AMF and humic acid augmentation on Setaria splendida did not affect on growth and production, but they improved the uptake of P and N total. AMF augmentation enhanced growth, yield and quality of the Chloris gayana. The use of 180 ppm of humic acid could improve the quality of Setaria splendida and Chloris gayana. Key Words: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Humic Acid, Acid Soil, Setaria splendida, Chloris gayan
Local isolate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocompetitive agent of Aspergillus flavus
Get PDFAspergillus flavus is a toxigenic fungus that contaminates feed and influences the animal health. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used as a biocompetitive agent to control the contamination. The ability of local isolate of S. cerevisiae as a biocompetitive agent for A. flavus was evaluated. A. flavus (30ml) was swept on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), while S. cerevisiae was swept on its left and right. Plates were incubated at 28oC for nine days. Lytic activity of S. cerevisiae was detected by pouring its suspension on the centre of the cross streaks of A. flavus. Plates were incubated at 28oC for five days. Growth inhibition of A. flavus by S. cerevisiae was determined by mixing the two fungi on Potato dextrose broth and incubated at 28oC for 24 hours. Total colony of A. flavus were then observed at incubation time of 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours by pour plates method on the SDA plates and incubated on 28oC for two days. Growth of hyphae of A. flavus sweep were inhibited with the swept of S. cerevisiae. The width of A. flavus colony treated with S. cerevisiae is narrower (3,02 cm) than that of control ( 4,60 cm). The growth of A. flavus was also inhibited on the centre of cross streak where the S. cerevisiae poured. S. cerevisiae gradually reduced the colony number of A. flavus in the mixed culture of broth fungi ie. 14 x 103 CFU/ml while colony number of control is 80 x 103 CFU/ml. Results showed that S. cerevisiae could be used as biocompetitive agent of A. flavus. Key Words: Aspergillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biocompetitive agen
The change in cholesterol content of long chain fatty acid egg during processing and its influence to the Rattus norvegicus L. blood cholesterol content
Get PDFEgg containing long chain unsaturated fatty acids is a functional food, because it is highly nutritious and could prevent diseases, (omega 3 and 6) such as coronary heart attack. The research was aimed to measure the change of egg cholesterol content during proceesing: frying, oiless frying and boiling and their influence to the blood plasma cholesterol of normal and hypercholesterolemia rat. Seven treatments of egg yolk were frying at 170°C for 3 min (welldone = GM), and 1min (half medium fried = GSM) using deep fryer , oilless frying at 70°C for10 min (fried = TM), and 6 min (half fried = TSM) using Teflon pan, and boiling at 100°C for 10’ (boiled = RM) dan 4 min (half boiled = RSM) using pan provided with thermoregulator and a fresh omega egg as a control. The Completely randomized design was apllied for 4 weeks research period. The data from different treatments were analyzed by Orthogonal Contrast. Fifty 2 months old male rats Rattus norvegicus L. separated in 2 groups; normal and hypercholesterolemia (blood cholesterol 200 mg dl-1). The rats were placed in individual cage, fed 15 g h-1 day-1 and water drinking ad libitum. The ration was composed of 90% basal commercial feed BR II and 10% egg yolk was given to each animal at 20% of live weight. Factorial 2 x 7 of completely randomized design was applied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Processsing method of egg affected to cholesterol content of egg, The lowest and the highest cholesterol contents were observed in TSM (0.30 g/100g) and GM (0.37 g/100g), respectively. Biological test using Rattus norvegicus L rat showed that either fresh and processed long chain fatty acid egg decreased plasma cholesterol. The highest and the lowest decreases of cholesterol content were found in the group consumed RSM (8.64%) and GM (1.77%) for normal rat; and control (46.3%) followed by RSM (44.53%) and GM (24.86%), respectively. To maintain normal cholesterol and decrease cholesterol content of cholesterolemian, the omega egg should be consumed in fresh or half boiled egg. Key Words: Cholesterol, Omega-3, Omega-6, Rattus norvegicus L