Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Effects of testosterone hormone and ages on carcass characteristics of Kacang doe
Get PDFForty Kacang doe (average initial BW, 10.2 kg) were used in 4x2 factorial arrangement to determine carcass characteristics. Dose of the testosterone as first factor were assigned to four levels, i.e.: control (T0), 1 dose of testosterone propionate (T1), 2 doses of TP (T2), and 3 doses of TP (T3). The age of animals as the second factor, i.e.: 7-8 months of age (U1) and 9-12 months of age (U2), referred to chevon method. The treatment combinations were replicated 5 times, respectively, so that there were 40 heads of doe. Animals were injected with 0.77 mg of TP/kg BW/d weekly for first dose and the goats were fed for 90 days. The diet were assigned to met or exceed 50 g ADG. The variables included slaughter weight, carcass weight, pelt weight, and Kidney Pelvic Heart (KPH) fat weight. There were significant interaction (P0.01), except on KPH weight. The best carcass characteristics were significantly resulted from injection of 49 mg TP head-1 week-1 treated on 9 kg of Kacang doe. Key Words: Testosterone, Age, Carcass Characteristic, Kacang Do
The estimation of genetic distance and discriminant variables on breed of duck (Alabio, Bali, Khaki Campbell, Mojosari and Pegagan) by morphological analysis
Get PDFA study on morphological body conformation of Alabio, Bali, Khaki Campbell, Mojosari and Pegagan ducks was carried out to determine the genetic distance and discriminant variables. This research was held in Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor using 65 Alabio ducks, 40 Bali ducks, 36 Khaki Campbell ducks, 60 Mojosari ducks and 30 Pegagan ducks. Seven different body parts were measured, they were the length of femur, tibia, tarsometatarsus, the circumference of tarsometatarsus, the length of third digits, wing and maxilla. General Linear Models and simple discriminant analysis were used in this observation (SAS package program). Male and female Pegagan ducks had morphological size bigger than Alabio, Bali, Khaki Campbell and Mojosari ducks. Khaki Campbell ducks were mixed with Bali ducks (47.22%) and Pegagan ducks from isolated location in South Sumatera were lightly mixed with Alabio and Bali. Mahalanobis genetic distance showed that Bali and Khaki Campbell ducks, also, Alabio and Mojosari ducks had similarity, with genetic distance of 1.420 and 1.548, respectively. Results from canonical analysis showed that the most discriminant variables were obtained from the length of femur, tibia and third digits. Key words: Duck, genetic distance, morphologica
Palm oil by-product as an alternative feedstuff in Central Kalimantan: 2. The effect of feeding palm oil mill effluent on cholesterol, fatty acid and vitamin A of broilers
Get PDFSolid heavy paste, a byproduct of crude palm oil processing, is found in an excessive amount in Central Kalimantan. It is estimated that 400 tons of this material were produced per day by crude palm oil (CPO) factories in this region. This material contains 12.63-17.41% crude protein, 9.98-25.79% crude fiber, 7.12-15.15% crude fat, 3217-3454 kcal/kg (gross energy) and 1.5% CPO. Considering its composition, this material can be used as an ingridient in broiler’s diet. This study was conducted on broiler chickens of Hubbard strain in Kapuas district. The objectives of the experiment were to study the cholesterol, fatty acid and vitamin A retained in meat and liver of broilers as a result of feeding ration containing solid heavy paste. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were levels of solid in the diet, i.e., 0.0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5%. Four hundred broilers were divided into 4 treatmen groups with 5 replications, consisted of 20 chickens in each replication. Data was analyzed based on statistical and descriptive analyses. The results of this experiment indicated that 25% solid in the diet decreased the total fat and cholesterol in the meat and liver, but increased polyunsaturated fatty acid contained in meat. The highest contain of vitamin A in meat and liver was found in the group that received diet containing 12.5% solid. Key Words: Solid, Broiler Chickens, Cholesterol, Fatty Acid, Vitamin
Mutation detection on isotype-1 β tubulin genes of Haemonchus contortus resistant strain to benzimidazole using single strand conformation polymorphism
Get PDFEvidence of anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus to benzimidazole groups based on Larval development assay (LDA) and Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) test has been reported in some areas in Indonesia. Studies on sheep parasite H. contortus have shown that resistance to benzimidazole drugs is correlated with selection for individuals in the population possesing a spesific isotype-1 β tubulin gene. The aim of this study was to determine mutation on central part of isotype-1 β tubulin gene of benzimidazole resistant strain H. contortus using Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP). H. contortus worms were isolated from four sheep from two government farms that resistance to benzimidazole have been occurred (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java and UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta) and one sheep that susceptible from Cicurug, Bogor, West Java as a kontrol. Resistance status to benzimidazole was reexamined individually with LDA and FECRT before sheep slaughtered. DNA was extracted from female H. contortus worms. A fragment of 520 bp isotype- 1 β tubulin gene was amplified using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then analyze using SSCP. The results showed that there were polymorphism in isotype-1 β tubulin gene among H. contortus susceptible (Cicurug, Bogor, Jawa Barat) and two H. contortus resistant strains from SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java and UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Mutation occurred in the different nucleotide of the two resistant strain. Key Words: Haemonchus contortus, Benzimidazole, Isotype-1 β tubulin gene, SSC
The effect of kinds and concentration of cryoprotectant and thawing methods on frozen semen of Arab chicken
Get PDFThe success of freezing chicken semen is the hope for preserving Indonesian native chickens. Semen from twenty Arab roosters were collected using massage technique once in a week. Cryoprotectant DMA (dimethyl acetamide) or DMF (dimethyl formalmide) of 7 or 9% and thawing A at temperature of 30oC for 30 seconds or in B at 5oC for 5 minutes. The volume of fresh semen was 0.3 ± 0.072 ml/ejaculate, white colour, rather thick to thick, with 2200 ± 372 millions sperms/ml and pH 6.95 ± 0.32, 4+/3+ mass movement, 80% motility, 84 ± 4.48% and abnormality of 14.75 ± 1.28%. There were not statistically significant (P0.05) effect of interaction of treatments (kinds and concentrations of cryoprotectant, and thawing methods) on motility and live-sperms. Sperm motility preserved with DMA (34.69%) significantly higher than with DMF (29.84%). Sperm motility was also significantly higher (34.53%) when preserved with 7% cryoprotectant than with 9% (30%). Thawing-A significantly gave higher motility (35.31%) than thawing-B did (29.22%). Live-sperms of semen preserved with DMA (46.75%) was significantly higher than with DMF (41.72%). Cryoprotectant concentration of 7% gave higher live-sperms (46.98%) than of 9% did (41.48%). Thawing-A left live-sperms of 47.14%, which was significantly higher than thawing-B did (41.30%). Key Words: Frozen Semen, Arab Rooster, Cryoprotectants, Thawing Method
Heterosis of the crossbred between Tegal and Mojosari ducks under sub-optimal condition
Get PDFCrossbreeding between two different strains or breeds is often done in a livestock production system to take advantage of the heterosis (hybrid vigour) which may resulted from the crossing. The level of heterosis largely depend on the genetic distance betweeen the two parental groups, and is also affected by the environmental condition in which the heterosis would be more significant under less optimal condition. The aim was to evaluate the heterosis level of the crosses between Tegal and Mojosari ducks under stressful environment of low nutritional content (14% protein) in the diet. The experiment was conducted in the animal facilities of the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal production, using 40 Tegal (TT) ducks, 44 Mojosari ducks (MM), 46 crossbreds between Tegal drakes and Mojosari ducks (TM), and 42 crossbreds between Mojosari drakes and Tegal ducks (MT). Results showed that heterosis was not significant for the average age at first laying (AFL) and weight of first egg (WFE), in which AFL of TT (171.8 d) was not significantly different from that of MT (163.4 d) and both were shorter than the AFL of MM (182.3 d) or that of TM (182.8 d). Heterosis also did not exist on egg production to 68 weeks old (EP-68), in which the EP-68 of TT was 141.3 eggs and that of MT was 122.6 eggs, and both were lower than EP-68 of MM (156.8 eggs) or of TM (154.0 eggs). For egg qualities, heterosis also did not show any significant level and difference between genotypes only existed for the Haugh Unit values. It seems that even under stressful environment heterosis did not exist among crosses between Tegal and Mojosari ducks, and therefore it can be concluded that the crosses between these two breeds will not produce any beneficial effects in a production system under any condition. Key Words: Heterosis, Ducks, Low Protein Die
The effects of microwave radiation on rumen degradation characteristics of barley straw cut at two different stages of maturity
No full textA common approach for improving the nutritive value of low quality roughages and crop by-products is by pre-treatment or processing either physical, chemical, or biological treatments. Microwave radiation is one type of physical treatment that could be used to treat low quality roughages. Research was carried out to investigate the effects of microwave radiation on the rumen degradation characteristics of barley straw obtained from two different stages of maturity. The experiment was run factorially based on completely randomized block design. The first factor was stage of maturity, straw cut during the soft elongation time (C1) and during the harvest time (C2). The second factor was levels of microwave radiation times (MWRT) (T0 = control, without MWR; T1 = MWR for 1 minute, T2 = MWR for 2 minutes). The results indicated nutritive values of barley straw obtained from C1 sampling time were significantly better than that obtained from the C2 sampling time in terms of a higher rumen degradation rate and a much greater total potential rumen degradability. In contrast, MWR did not have significant effects on the rate of degradation and total potential degradability of straw in the rumen. Key Words: Microwave Radiation, Barley Straw, Rumen Degradabilit
Effect of Katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) suplementation in the diet on reproductive function of Quail
Get PDFKatuk (Sauropus androgynus L Merr) is known to contain carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin C, protein, and sterol compounds. This study was aimed to determine whether phytosterol in Sauropus androgynus (SA) leaf affected the reproductive system of female quails. One hundred and fifty female quails were raised from 2-27 weeks old and divided into three dietary treatment, with five replicates and 10 quails in each replicate. The treatment diets were: 1) control group: diet without katuk leaf meal; 2) diet with 9% SA ethanol extract (TEK); 3) Diet containing 9% SA meal (TDK). The TDK-fed quails laid their first eggs at 46 day of age, compared with the TEK (52 day) and the control groups (53 day). The highest fertility (94.55%) and hatchability (93.29%) were obtained from the TDK fed quails at the age of 23 and 24 weeks, respectively. These findings indicated that the reproductive system of female quails were improved not only by phytosterol in SA leaf, but also by the β-carotene, vitamin C, α-tocopherol in SA leaf. Key Words: Katuk Leaf, Fertility, Hatchability, Quai
Acetoanaerobium noterae bacteria addition in the diet on methane production and performance of sheep
Get PDFA study on utilization of Acetoanaerobium noterae to decrease enteric methane production through feeding trial using sheep has been conducted. Animals used were young, male composite breed sheep with an initial liveweight of 19.1 kg. Twenty four animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups of dietary treatment and each group consisted of 8 animals. The diet fed to the animals were elephant grass (ad libitum) and the commercial concentrate containing 16% crude protein (200 g head–1 day–1). The treatments were (I). Control (K); (II). K + Cultural Preparate of A. noterae (SKAn); and (III). K + SKAn + Aksapon SR (as defaunator). Feeding trials was conducted for 12 weeks. The measurements observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, dry matter digestibility, rumen ecosystem, and enteric methane production. In vivo dry matter digestibility was measured by collecting the faeces and urine of the animals kept in metabolism cages for 7 days effective period. The results showed that effectivity of A. noterae action as methanogenesis inhibitor was improved when it was combined with defaunator. Compared to control treatment, the treatments of SKAn with and without Aksapon SR could significantly improve (P0.05) daily gain (increased by 21 and 32%); feed conversion ratio (decreased by 20 and 26%); enteric methane production (decreased by 15 and 20%); and the effect of SKAn on percentage composition of acetic acid in the rumen was obvious when the SKAn was combined with Aksapon SR. It is concluded that SKAn with and without Aksapon SR can be used as methanogenesis inhibitor on ruminant animals. Kata Kunci: Acetoanaerobium noterae, Methane, Methanogenesis Inhibitor, Shee
Ruminal fermentation response and nitrogen retention from sheep fed rumen undegradable protein
Get PDFThe utilization of rumen undegradable protein, could increase supply of amino acids in small intestine to meet host protein requirement. To increase the utilization of feed protein, feed protein source which is highly degradable should be protected from degradation in the rumen. The objective of the study was to increase nitrogen retention through substitution of fish meal protein with soy bean meal protected by banana stem juice observed from rumen fermentation activities. The study used 18 late pregnant Sumatera Composite breed ewes. Rations consisted of fresh chopped elephant grass, supplemented with a commercial concentrate and mineral block in the form of Comin plus and different types of protein supplement as treatment diets. The type of protein supplements were: soya bean meal (RK), soy bean meal protected with banana stem juice (RKT) and fish meal (RTI). Treatment diets were offered during late pregnancy (from two months before to two months after partus), two weeks adaptation period was carried out before data recording. Design of the study used randomized complete block design. Results of the study show that rumen ammonia concentration in sheep fed on RKT was not significantly different either from RTI or from RK, however, the nitrogen retention was significantly (P 0.05) different among the treatments (4.92 g/h vs 12.52 g/h; 17.11 g/h). Total VFA production or the proportion of C3, iC4, iC5 and nC5 was not significantly different (P 0.05), however, proportion of C2 and nC4 was significantly different between diet treatment. Methane emission was higher (70.3 mM or 37.2% higher from total energy VFA) in diet RKT which is indicated that fermentation system was not efficient. It can be concluded the higher rumen ammonia concentration and lower nitrogen retention in protected soy bean meal supplement indicated that soy bean meal protected by banana stem juice in the ration was not able to substitute fish meal protein which is resistance from degradation in the rumen. Key Words: Sheep, Rumen Fermentation, Rumen Undegradable Protei