Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Aplication of growth hormone genes familly (GH, GHR, GHRH and Pit-1) for detecting genetic variation of buffaloes in Pandeglang and Lebak districts in Banten Province
Get PDFSelection using genetic markers are commonly performed to improve livestock productivity in the livestock industry. The objectives of this study were to identify growth hormone genes family (GH|MspI, GH|AluI, GHR|AluI, GHRH|HaeIII and Pit-1|HinfI) polymorphisms of Banten buffalo population consisted of Pandeglang and Lebak subpopulations. A total number of 209 blood samples were collected from 15 districts. Genomic DNAs were extracted by a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, then PCR products of GH, GHR, GHRH and Pit-1 Genes were digested with MspI, AluI, HaeIII and HinfI enzyme restriction. Fragments of GH|MspI, GH|AluI, GHR|AluI, GHRH|HaeIII and Pit-1|HinfI were detected by EtBr method. The results showed that GH|MspI and GHRH|HaeIII loci were polymorphic, GH|AluI, GHR|AluI and Pit-1|HinfI, loci were monomorphic. GH allele (-) at locus GH|MspI was only found in Cisata (0.03) and Menes (0.11). Allele B at locus GHRH|HaeIII only found in Cibadak (0.42), Cisata (0.30) and Menes (0.11). In the total population of Banten locus GH|MspI have low diversity (He = 0.02) and polymorphic information content (Pic = 0.02), whereas GHRH|HaeIII locus has a higher diversity (He = 0.23) and Pic (0.22). Key Words: Polymorphism, Growth Hormone Genes, Buffal
Evaluation of genetic diversity of Katingan catlle and their genetic relationship with some other local catlle through DNA microsatellite analysis
Get PDFKatingan cattle is one of Indonesian animal genetic resources located in Katingan District, Central Kalimantan. The Katingan cattle is predicted to be extint, therefore it is necessary to conserve the cattle. Breed characterization is the primary step in any conservation program. Characterization was done using 10 microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of Katingan Cattle in three subpopulations and their genetic relationship with some other local cattle. A total number of 72 random whole blood of Katingan samples consisted of Pendahara (20 samples), Buntut Bali (20 samples), and Tumbang Lahang (32 samples) were used. The samples of Bali, PO, and Limousine Cattle were 11, 6, and 3 respectivelly. The number of 136 aleles were found with the variation from 9 aleles (ILSTS089) to 18 aleles (ILSTS013) and the average of the alele was 13.6 aleles per locus. A number of alel from Tumbang Lahang was higher (10.8 aleles) than Pendahara (10.4 aleles) and Buntut Bali subpopulation (7.3 aleles). Some loci produced polymorphic diagnostic aleles which varied from 1-7 types of allele. HEL013 and BM1818 had four aleles, while ILSTS026 and ILSTS089 had five and six aleles respectively. ILSTS029 and ILSTS036 had seven aleles. The diagnostic aleles were also found in Tumbang Lahang subpopulastion, as well as in Pendahara, and Buntut Bali. Heterozigositas values of Pendahara, Buntut Bali, and Tumbang Lahang subpopulation were 0.454, 0.478, and 0.529 respectively. While the average of heterozigositas (Ĥ) was 0.492. Subpopulation of Tumbang Lahang was closer genetically to Pendahara (0.169) than Buntut Bali (0.173) and also the subpopulation was closer genetically to PO cattle (0.259) when compared to Buntut Bali (0.311) and Pendahara (0.329). The population of Katingan cattle was within one kluster with PO Cattle. Key Words: Katingan Cattle, Microsatellite, Genetic Diversit
Aflatoxin contamination in feeds and feed ingredients from Lampung and East Java provinces
Get PDFIn the last few years, poultry industries (broiler and laying hens) in Indonesia are faced on several problems, vaccination for instance, which suspected relate to highly-contaminated aflatoxins in feeds. The aim of this study is to give recent information on aflatoxin contamination in feeds, feed ingredients, and foods originated from some districts in Lampung and East Java provinces. The results of the study indicated that the percentage of aflatoxin B1 contamination in corn, commercial feeds, and peanuts in Lampung were 86.7, 70.0 and 80.0% with the average levels of 31.5, 13.5 and 32.2 μg/kg, respectively. Low levels of the other aflatoxins (AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were also detected in the samples. The highest percentage of aflatoxin contamination was found in samples from retailer (100%), followed by samples from traditional markets (91.7%), poultry shops (76.9), and a feed company (33.3%). The average levels of aflatoxin found were 58.8, 34.3, 17.8 and 2.9 μg/kg, respectively. In East Java, AFB1 was detected in all samples (corn, rice bran, concentrate and commercial feeds) on the average levels of 25.4, 69.7, 134.2 and 30.7 μg/kg respectively. The levels of AFG1 on the samples from East Java were much more higher than those of from Lampung, as well as the percentage. Key Words: Aflatoxins, Feed, Feed Ingredients, Lampung, East Jav
Identification of avian influenza virus of Indonesian isolates by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method
Get PDFAn outbreak of avian influenza in Indonesia was reported at the first time at the beginning of September 2003 causing high mortality among poultry population especially commercial layer chicken farms in Java, Sumatra and Bali islands. From the outbreaks highly pathogenic avian infuenza viruses have been isolated and characterized by rapid, HA, HI and AGP tests. However, these isolates are still needed to be further molecularly characterized. The aim of this study is to identify by further subtyping the avian viruses by means of RT-PCR using Matrix, H7 and H5 primers. The study reveals that the RT-PCR using Matrix primer amplified a 200-300 basepairs (bp) Jawa Timur isolates were collected from East Java, while Jawa Barat isolates were from West Java. The RT-PCR using H7 primers did not amplify any product, while H5 primer amplified a 500-600 bp product from the isolates. It is concluded that the outbreak of poultry disease in East and West Java was caused by an avian influenza H5 subtype. Key words: Identification, avian influenza virus, RT-PCR, H5 subtyp
Response of laying performance of KUB chicken to dietary protein given during growing period
Get PDFOne hundred and sixty KUB pullets of 22 weeks of age (KUB = Kampung chicken selected for egg production) were previously raised on different dietary protein level during starter-grower period. During starting period, chicks (0-12 weeks of age) were given dietary protein of: 16% crude protein, CP (R1); 17.5% CP (R2); 19% CP (R3); 20.5% CP (R4); 22% CP (R5). All dietary treatments were iso-energy of 2800 kcal ME (metabolisable energy)/kg. During growing period (12-22 weeks) each group of treatment chick was divided into two regimes of dietary protein levels. One was subjected to the same as treatments given during starting period, and the other one was given diet with reduced dietary protein content up to 1.5%. The treatments were R1-1, having dietary protein of 16.0%; R1-2, having dietary protein of 14.5%; R2-1, having dietary protein of 17.5%; R2-2, having dietary protein of 16.0%; R3-1, having dietary protein of 19.0%; R3-2, having dietary protein of 17.5%; R4-1, having dietary protein of 20.5%; R4-2, having dietary protein of 19.0%; R5-1, having dietary protein of 22% and R5-2, having dietary protein of 20.5%. The energy content of all dietary treatments was the same for all treatments 2800 kkal ME/kg. The hens were then grouped into the treatment as the treatment groups of growing period of 12-22 weeks. Hens were then raised on laying diet, containing 17.11% CP (crude protein) with 2728 kcal ME/kg. The results showed that the change of dietary treatment, given during growing period, influenced (P 0,05) first lay weight, first egg weight, weight gain, egg weight, egg width, egg volume of KUB hens age of 22-42 weeks. And the dietary protein treatment, given during starter and growing period, influenced (P 0.05) first lay body weight, first lay age, feed consumption, egg weight, egg length, egg width of KUB hens age of 22-42 weeks. Key Words: KUB Chicken, Starting and Growing Dietary Protein, Egg Productio
The effect of glutathione addition in sperm diluent on the quality of bovine chilled semen
Get PDFThis study has been conducted at the Laboratory of Physiology Reproduction, Research Institute for Animal Production (RIAP), Ciawi-Bogor, West Java. Sperms were collected from FH bulls with body weight 613 kg (FH-1) and 480 kg (FH-2) twice a week. Briefly after quality evaluation, semen was diluted in Tris-Citrate buffer medium, containing egg yolk (20% v/v) and (4% v/v) glycerol to get spermatozoa concentration of 50 x 106 per ml. Sperm diluents were added with glutathione (GSH) with doses of 0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mM as treatments A, B, C and D respectively. The diluted semen was then cooled from 35 to 5°C using a cooling machine for 60 minutes then stored in the refrigerator (5°C). Recorded parameters were the survivability of spermatozoa by evaluating the percentage of motile and live, the condition of acrosome and plasma membrane. Data were analysed by completely randomised design with the general linear model (GLM) procedure. The characteristics of collected semen were normal. Viability of spermatozoa stored at 5°C for 0, 1, 4 and 8 days shown by intact acrosomal were 74.42; 69.27; 57.80 and 42.58% for A, B, C and D respectively. Those data were significantly different (P0.01). Motility, live and intact plasma membrane were 46.72; 52.34; 53.44 and 51.09%; 63.59; 69.11; 68.64; and 66.89%, and 66.01; 69.75; 68.38 and 68.44% for treatment A, B, C and D respectively. Additional 0.5 mM GSH gave the highest (P0.01) motility, live and intact plasma membrane of sperm. Therefore, it is concluded that the effect of addition 0.5 mM of GSH to the sperm diluents can improve the viability of spermatozoa and possibly protect the spermatozoa from free radical damage. Key words: Glutathione, viability, spermatozo
Improving productivity of Rex, Satin and Reza rabbits through selection
Get PDFSelection based on weaning weight in Rex, Satin rabbits and their crosses was done to improve its productivity. Data from the base population (P0), selected population (G0) and an offspring of selected population (F1) were used to estimate heritability using nested analysis method (nested) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). The value of heritability estimated of birth weight, weaning weight, 12 weeks body weight and 16 weeks body weight of Rex were 0.74±0.09, 0.93±0.05, 0.81±0.09 and 0.89±0.06, Satin were 0.96, 0.82±0.22, 0.93±0.40 and 0.97 and Reza were 0.96±0.27, 0.98, 0.86±0.40 dan 0.78, respectively. Increase in weaning weight on selected Rex, Satin rabbits and their corsses were 22.77 g (3.66%), 6.83 g (1.11%) and 65.29 g (10.67%). Key Words: Selection, Rabbit, Heritability, Weaning Weigh
Milk production capacity of priangan prolific sheep: II. The lactation curve
Get PDFA calculation was made for the lactation curve of Priangan sheep using Wood equation to find out how much differences actual milk production of uncorrected ewes compared to those corrected using parity and litter size born. Milk production was measured using weighing of the lambs before and shortly after suckling, with average of daily and total milk production were 519.5 g/head and 43.6 kg head-1 lactation-1, respectively. The average of parameter a, which reflected milk production at the beginning of the lactation period was 6.296 that equivalent to 571.5 g/head and significantly affected (P0.05) by parity. The b parameter which reflected the rate of milk increment at the beginning of the lactation period was found to be 0.528 and significantly affected (P0.05) by parity. The c parameter which reflected the rate of milk decline at the end of lactation period was found to be -0.20 and significantly affected (P0.05) by parity. The average persistency which reflected the duration of maximum milk production was found to be 22.58 days without any significant contribution of parity and the number of lamb born. The average time to reach maximum milk production was found to be at week 3.5 after lambing without any significant contribution of parity and litter size. The average estimation of maximum milk production was 708.4 g/head and significantly affected (P0.05) by ewe parity. Key words: Milk production, lactation curve, Priangan shee
Characteristics of seminal plasma and cryopreservation of anoa (Bubalus sp.) semen obtained by electroejaculation
Get PDFThe population of anoa, which is an endemic fauna to Indonesia, was getting decrease caused by the illegal hunting and deforestation. Anoa is included in endangered species by IUCN, and Appendix I by CITES. The experiment aimed to characterize the seminal plasma contents and to cryopreserve the anoa semen for artificial insemination application in captivity. The experiment was carried out in Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor). Semen was collected from 2 anesthetized males (4-10 years) by electroejaculation. Seminal plasma gained by centrifugation of ejaculate (3000 rpm, 20 minutes), and then was evaluated the biochemical contents. Other ejaculates were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically, and then extended in Tris and Na-citrate media to a total concentration of 100 billion cells mL-1. Extended semen was stored at 4oC, and evaluated the motility and viability every 12 h. Frozen semen was made in Tris medium added with 5% of glycerol. The seminal plasma of anoa contained total lipid, Na, Ca and Mg higher than the buffalo, but its total protein, K and Cl were lower. Electrophoresis of seminal plasma using by SDS-PAGE method showed 10 bands of proteins (17-148 kDa). The motility and viability of chilled-extended semen in Tris and Na-citrate media were not significantly different (P 0.05) during 72 h of evaluation. Extended semen in both of media may applicable for AI program for 24-48 h. Post thawing motility of frozen semen was still low, 26.00 ± 9.62%. Therefore, it is necessary to improve each stages of semen processing, so the motility will increased and resulted high pregnancy in AI program. Key Words: Anoa, Seminal Plasma, Extended Semen, Frozen Semen, Electroejaclato
Status of ram spermatozoa DNA after freeze-drying process
Get PDFThe process of freeze drying caused detrimental effect on plasma membrane and acrosome of the spermatozoa, even it potentially could alter the chromatin and DNA integrities. On the other hand, DNA integrity is essential for spermatozoa to participate in pronucleus formation during fertilization event. Therefore the evaluation of DNA integrity should be carried out to study the effect of freeze drying process. EDTA, EGTA, and PBS were used as dilution media of spermatozoa prior to freeze drying process to protect the DNA. Toluidine blue staining and comet assay methods were used to evaluate the alteration on chromatin and DNA integrities of spermatozoa, respectively. The results revealed that the highest compacted chromatin after 6 months storage of freeze-dried spermatozoa were observed from EGTA-3 (98%) and EGTA-1 (97%) treatments that had significant differences compared to all PBS treatments (90-92%), but not for fresh spermatozoa (100%). Whereas, the highest compacted DNA integrity of freeze-dried spermatozoa were observed from EGTA-2 (92%) and EGTA-3 (92%) but had no significant differences compared to other treatments including fresh spermatozoa (97%). These results demonstrate that EDTA and EGTA tend to be able to protect chromatin and DNA integrities of ram spermatozoa during freeze-drying and storage compared to PBS. Key Words: Freeze-Drying, Spermatozoa, DNA, Toluidine Blue, Comet Assa