Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Utilization of oligosaccharides component from soybean meal and sweet potatoes on broiler feed
Get PDFThe investigation was carried out to study the effect of oligosaccharides from soybean meal (SBM) and sweet potatoes as feed additives on feed to improve the productivity of broiler. The amounts of 704 day-old chicks from Arbor Arcres were randomly distributed into 16 treatments with 4 repetions and with 11 chicks in each pens. The treatments were: 2 level of sweet potato oligosaccharides (0.1 and 0.2%), 2 levels of residue of sweet potato extracts (0.4 and 0.8%), 2 levels of SBM oligosaccharides (0.1 and 0.2%), 2 levels of residue of SMB extracts, 2 levels of MOS commercial (0.01 and 0.02%) 2 levels of commercial inulin (0.1 and 0.5%), 2 levels of commercial FOS (0.2 and 0.4%) and control with and without antibiotic. The results showed that better FCR (P 0.05) was seen on the addition of 0.2% sweet potato oligosaccharides at 3 weeks trial, meanwhile on 0.1% addition was able to improved the absorption of Ca and P. The trial up to 5 weeks, only treatment with 0.8% of residue have a better FCR value (P 0.05). The effect of utilization of SMB oligosaccharides was only observed on 0.8% residue at 5 weeks trial which have a better FCR value. It could be concluded that the extract of oligosaccharides from soybean meal and sweet potatoes could improve the effisiency of broiler feed. Key Words: Oligosaccharides, Sweet Potato, Soy-Bean Meal, Productivity, Broile
Isolation and identification of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from outbreaks at Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines
Get PDFInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry characterized by respiratory disorder such as coughing with blood exudate from the trachea. The disease is caused by Herpesvirus of the family Herpesviridae and subfamily of Alphaherpesvirus. ILT is worldwide distribution and has been reported to be present in the Philippines since 1980. Since then, confirmation of subsequent outbreaks were not reported. Isolation was conducted from nine commercial layer chicken farms located at Lipa City, Batangas from May to July 2002. Tracheal and lung extracts were processed and inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs by chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) inoculation. Five samples produced typical pock lesions in CAM after the second passage. Lesions observed were yellowish pocks with opaque edges, distributed throughout the CAM. A vaccine strain of the virus used as the positive control also produced similar pock lesions. Serological confirmation using the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test showed sharp precipitation lines reacting to a standard reference ILTV antisera (anti-NS175). All five isolates produced lines of precipitate identity among themselves and the positive control. This study confirms that the 2002 disease outbreak in the commercial layer chicken farms in Lipa City, Batangas was due to the ILTV. Key words: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, agar gel immunodiffusion, isolation, pocks lesion, identification, CA
Estimation of genetic distance of rabbit by morphometric analysis
Get PDFThe observation on morphological body conformation of English Spot (ES), Flemish Giant (FG), New Zealand White (NZWm), and Rex (Rexm) from Magelang, Central Java, and New Zealand White (NZWb), Rex (Rexb), Satin (Satin) and RS (RS) from Balitnak-Ciawi, were carried out to determine estimation of Mahalanobis genetic distance. This research was held in Magelang (Central Java) and Balitnak-Ciawi (West Java), 237 heads of Rabbits were used. Eleven different body parts were measured, those were head (length and width), ear (length and width), chest (girth, depth, and width), humerus length, radius-ulna length, tibia length and body length. General Linear Models were used in this observation (SAS package program). Simple discriminant analyses as further analyses were done for head (length and width), chest (girth, depth, and width), humerus length, radius-ulna length, tibia length and body length. ES, FG and NZWm rabbits had morphological size bigger than others. Mahalanobis genetic distance showed that NZWm and NZWb, Rexm and Rexb were had differences with genetic distances of 5.89139 and 6.75571 respectively. Rabbits from Magelang and from Balitnak were different on morphometric with mahalanobis distance of that region ranges were 4.89426 to 6.96749. Results from canonical analysis showed that the most discriminant variables were obtained by chest girth, chest width and humerus length on first canonical and head length on second cannonical. Key Words: Rabbit, Genetic Distance, Morphometri
Effect of cryoprotectant and its level to survivability of drake semen
Get PDFThis study was conducted at Laboratory Reproduction of Physiology, Research Institute of Animal Production. The experiment was factorial design with two kinds of cryoprotectant (DMF and DMA) as the first factor and two levels of them (7 and 9%) as the second factor. This study was invented to determine the effect of cryoprotectant and its level to survivability of drake semen. Sperm was collected from fifteen drakes two times per week using artivicial vagina. Only the best quality of sperm was used in this study. Collected sperm was diluted in medium to get concentration of 400 x 106 per ml. Equilibrated at 50C in mini straw (0.25 ml) for 60 minutes, then kept them up 8 cm above the LN2 for 4 minutes before plunged in LN2. Parameters measured of this study were survability of drake semen after diluted, at 50C and after freezing-thawing at 350C for 30 seconds. Result of this study showed that percentage of motility and percentage of live sperm were significant different (P0.05) between DMA (33.24 and 42.03) and DMF (25.82 and 34.30). Level of cryoprotectant (7 and 9%) were not significant different. Based on this study, using DMA as cryoprotectan with 7% in medium was better than that of DMF. Key words: Cryoprotectan, survivability, drake sper
Supplementation of bangun-bangun leaf (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and Zn-vitamin E to improve metabolism and milk production of Etawah cross bred goats
Get PDFTwo experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Coleus amboinicus L. and zinc-vitamin E supplementation in ration to improve rumen metabolism and milk production of Etawah crossbred goat. In the first experiment, 6 treatments were evaluated using in vitro batch culture. It was found that Coleus amboinicus and Zn-vitamin E supplementation significantly (P 0.01) increase dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentration, but decrease NH3 concentration, rumen pH and total microbe. In the second experiment, 8 treatments were evaluated using in vivo experiment on 24 goats. The result showed that Coleus amboinicus and Zn-vitamin E supplementation significantly increase dry matter and TDN intake and milk production. Key Words: Coleus Amboinicus, Zn-Vitamin E, Rumen Metabolism, Milk Production, Etawah Crossbred Goa
Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of eight weeks old male local ducks treated with santoquin and vitamin E supplement
Get PDFThe aim of this experiment was to investigate the effectiveness of santoquin (Sq) and vitamin E (VE) as feed additives to improve performance of male local ducks. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Two hundred and eighty male day old ducks (dod) of male Mojosari Alabio crosbred ducks were allocated to ten treatments with four replicates and seven ducks/replicate. The experimental diets were: Basal-diet (RO) without antioxidant (RB) (control); RB + 50 ppm santoquin (Sq) + 100 IU vitamin E (VE) (R1); RB + 50 ppm Sq + 200 IU VE (R2); RB + 50 ppm Sq + 300 IU VE (R3); RB + 100 ppm Sq + 100 IU VE (R4); RB + 100 ppm Sq + 200 IU VE (R5); RB + 100 ppm Sq + 300 IU VE (R6); RB + 150 ppm Sq + 100 IU VE (R7); RB + 150 ppm Sq + 200 IU VE (R8); RB + 150 ppm Sq + 300 IU VE (R9). The ducks were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. Parameters observed were: feed consumption, live weight, body weight gain, feed conversion rate (FCR) and mortality. The results showed that Sq and VE supplementation did not significantly affect (P 0.05) the feed consumption, live weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate of the ducks. This experiment shows that santoquin and vitamin E supplementation did not affect the performance of male local MA ducks. Key Words: Feed Consumtion, Feed Conversion Ratio, Santoquin, Vitamin E, Local Duck
Analyses of fixed effects for genetic evaluation of dairy cattle using test day records in Indonesia
Get PDFSeason, rainfall, day of rain, temperature, humidity, year and farm are fixed effects, which have been reported to influence milk yield. Those factors are often linked together to contribute to the variation of milk production. This research is addressed to study the fixed effect factors, including lactation curve, which should be considered for genetic evaluation of milk yield based on test day records of dairy cattle. The data were taken from four different farms, which were PT. Taurus Dairy Farm, BPPT Cikole, Bandang Dairy Farm, and BBPTU Baturraden. In total of 16806 test day records were evaluated, consisting of 9,302 at first and 7,504 at second lactation, respectively. The results indicated that fixed effects were very specific and the influences had different patterns for each farm. Consequently, in a genetic evaluation, these factors such as lactation, temperature, year, day of rain, and humidity need to be evaluated first. Ali-Schaeffer curve represented the most appropriate curve to use in the genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Indonesia. Key words: Fixed Effects, Milk Production Curve, Test Day, Dairy Cattl
Molecular analysis of Hemagglutinin Gen of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza of H5N1 Subtype Isolated from Waterfowls
Get PDFAvian influenza viruses (AIV) subtype H5N1 isolated from waterfowls in West Java pose the known characteristic of highly pathogenic strains, with polybasic amino acid sequence of cleavage site QRERRRKKR and QRESRRKKR. This research aimed to analyze the important domains of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of those isolates. Fragment of HA gene was amplified using RT-PCR method with specifically-designed primer pairs and sequenced using dideoxy termination method with ABI automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Multiple alignment of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed using ClustalW of MEGA-3.1 program. Some of biological domains of HA, i.e. antigenic sites, receptor binding pocket, and glycosylation sites of the isolates were polymorphic. The viruses also pose conserved glutamine (Q) and glisin (G) residues at the known receptor binding site, at the position 222 and 224 respectively. This findings clearly show that all AIV subtype H5N1 isolaed from waterfowl preservesthe α-2,3NeuAcGal avian receptor specificity. Key Words: Antigenic Sites, Glycosylation Sites, Receptor Binding Pocket, AIV H5N1, Waterfowl
The effect of sugar cane waste product fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus on the ration to Priangan sheep performance
Get PDFBagasse from Saccharum officinarum has potency as roughage source for ruminants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of bagasse fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus (ATB) to feed consumption, daily gain and feed efficiency of Priangan sheep. The research was arranged into two stages, i.e: (i) bioconversion of bagasse by P. ostreatus, and (ii) biological test using ATB. Twenty five heads of male Priangan sheep with average body weight of 18.99 + 0.22 kg were fed with ATB for three months. A completely randomized design was carried out with five replications. The treatment were: R0= 70.0% King grass + 30.0% concentrate; R1= 59.50% King grass + 10.10% ATB + 30% concentrate; R2= 49.00% King grass + 21.10% ATB + 30% concentrate; R3= 38.50% King grass + 31.50% ATB + 30% concentrates, and R4= 28.00% King grass + 42% ATB + 30% concentrate. The results of the experiment showed that bagasse fermented by P. ostreatus (ATB) did not indicate negative effects on feed consumption, daily gain, and feed efficiency of Priangan sheep, and ATB can be used as ingredient of Priangan sheep ration up to 31.50% based on dry matter of the ration. Key words: Bagasse, Pleurotus ostreatus, feed consumption, daily gain, feed efficienc
diversity of myiasis fly, Chrysomya bezziana population in Indonesia based on mitochondrial DNA
Get PDFChrysomya bezziana is a fly causing myiasis in most livestock in Indonesia. To date, the genetic diversity of C. bezziana has been argued among researchers. The aim of this study was to analyse genetic diversity of C. bezziana population in Indonesia using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) as a marker. The preliminary study showed that the larvae instar III stadium (L3) was the most appropriate sample for molecular analysis and identification. Twenty-four L3 were collected from cattles, buffalos and horses in Bogor, Makassar and East Sumba. DNA samples were isolated from muscle tissue of the larvae. The fragment of cyt b gene (279 bp) was amplified using primer CB3FC-NINFA. The PCR product was subsequently purified, sequenced and analysed using PAUP version 4. The results showed that C. bezziana from Indonesia was different with those from Asia, basicaly for DNA sequences, however it had similar to those from Papua New Guinea. Two haplotypes were identified i.e. haplotype 6 (Makassar haplotype that similar to those from Papua New Guinea) and haplotype 7 (Bogor haplotype that similar to those from Makassar and East Sumba). Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, genetic diversity, mitochondrial DN