Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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The use of formaldehyde protected palm kernel meal and its effects on animal performance, nitrogen utilization and unsaturated fatty acid composition in Priangan sheep
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of formaldehyde-treated Palm Kernel Cake (BIS) in male Priangan sheep diet and its effect on animal performance, N utilization, and unsaturated fatty acids composition of musculus longisimus dorsal. The experiment was designed based on completly randomized design with four treatments and nine replications. The treatments consisted of four levels of formaldehyde treated BIS: R1 (0%), R2 (15%), R3 (30%) and R4 (45%). Results indicated that formaldehyde treated BIS up to 45% in diet did not negatively affect consumption, dry matter digestibility and daily live weight gain. Formaldehyde protection especially in R4 could significantly reduce ruminal N-NH3 concentration, increased protein digestibility and nitrogen retention, but did not influence allantoin urine concentration. Unsaturated fatty acid composition of musculus longisimus dorsal was not affected by formaldehyde treated BIS in diet. It is concluded that the inclusion of 45% formaldehyde treated BIS in diet did not negatively affect animal performance, and R4 is the most effective in improving nitrogen utilization in male Priangan sheep, but unable to alter the unsaturated fatty acids composition of musculus longisimus dorsal. Key Words: Palm Kernel Cake, Formaldehyde, Performance, Nitrogen, Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Growth curve analysis of Garut sheep and its crossbreds
Get PDFData of body weight of Garut sheep and its crossbreds of 488 head, consist of 149 head of Garut sheep, 115 head of St. Croix X Garut (HG), 68 head of Mouton Charollais X Garut (MG), 101 head of MG X HG (MHG) and 55 head of HG X MG (HMG) which is collected from Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production at Bogor station were used in individual growth curve analysis. Three growth curve non linier model were used in this study i.e Logistik, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models. Comparisons were made among these models for goodness of fit, biological interpretability of parameters and computional ease and effect of genotype and environment in them. Least square means growth curve parameters which have biological interpretability were used to compare effect the genotype, interse mated procces and estimated heterosis effect. The result indicated that Von Bertalanffy was the best model in fitting the data from Garut and Crossbreds although the model needed more iteration than others in computations. All models have good biological interpretability especially for parameter mature size (A) and rate of maturity (k). Genotype, year of birth, sex and type of birth reared were important effects (p0.01) in mature size (A) for all models except effect of type of birth rearing (P0.05) in Logistic model. Year of birth had important effect (p0.01) in rate of maturity (k) for all models. Genotype, year of birth, sex, parity and type of birth reared also had important effect (p0.01) in parameter b/M; except b parameter in Von Bertalanffy was affected significantly by sex (P0.05). Key Words: Growth Curve, Garut Sheep and Crossbreds, Relative Superiorit
Utilization off fermented copra meal with A. niger in broiler diet
Get PDFResearch of nutritional evaluation of fermented copra meal and its application in broiler has been conducted. In the first experiment the crude protein and fiber contents were determined in the fermented copra meal using A. niger BPT, NRRL 337 and ES1. Further, 384 of Indian River DOC were used for in vivo experiment. Completed Randomized Design was used with 8 treatments: Control without and with 10% addition of copra meal, 3 levels of fermented copra meal addition with Aspergillus niger BPT or A. niger NRRL 337 (10, 15, 20%). Every treatment was repeated 8 time with 6 birds each. Variables measured were body weight, consumption, feed conversion, mortalities and carcass analyses. Diets were formulated in isocalori and isoprotein. The research was conducted in 6 weeks. The results showed that fermentation process increased the copra meal protein content from 22.3 to 36.1; 35.6 and 38.6% respectively for fermentation with A. niger BPT, NRRL 337 and ES1, decreased the crude fiber from 19.5 to 13.0; 18.9 and 8.28%. Results during 3 weeks trial show that the treatment significantly affected on broiler performance (P0.05). Fermented copra meal was better than non fermented copra meal. There was no significantly different (P0.05) in broiler performance at 6 weeks trial evaluation. The best conversion was in diet with 10% fermented copra meal with A. niger BPT and NRRL 337. The feed conversion of diets with 10% of each fermented products were better than control or diet without copra meal. The feed conversion of 15% fermented copra meal addition was not significantly different to control. Utilization of fermented copra meal with A. niger BPT or NRRL 337 should not more than 15%. Key Words: Copra Meal, Bioprocess, Broile
Reproductive phenotype of two lines of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under two different room temperatures
Get PDFLine as well as ambient temperature, substantially affected the reproductive performance of birds, hence in this study lines C (control) and P (meat type) were assigned into two room temperatures i.e. 18 and 35°C, represented higher and lower land areas of Indonesian archipelago. This study was conducted to find out the effect of line, ambient temperature and it’s interaction on the reproductive phenotype of Japanese quail. A Completely Randomed Design with 23 factorial arrangement was applied using 8 males and 24 females of each room temperature, every bird was kept in individual cage. Each male was mated to one female for 5 minutes per day for 3 consecutive days, 15 days later the same male was mated to the second female using the same manner. The third female was mated to this male using the same previous way. Parameters measured were copulation number, egg mass, testes weight, fertility and duration of fertility. Results showed that copulation number of line P (1.10 ± 0.29) were lower than (P0.05) that of line C (1,84 ± 0,33). Within 14 day period line P produced higher egg mass compared with line C (66.91 g vs 55.88 g). Line P testis weight (6.82 ± 0.36 g) were significantly (P0.01) higher than that of line C (3.18 ± 0.34 g), while room temperature slightly affected the testis weight. Fertility rate of line P (29.07 ± 14.12%) was much lower (P0.01) than that of line C (46.90 ± 15.44 %). Duration of fertility of line P (1.10 ± 0.35 days) was also lower (P0.01) than that of line C (3.48 ± 1.28 days). Copulation number and egg mass were not influenced by high room temperature while rate and duration of fertility were substansially affected. It was concluded that some reproductive parameters of male and female of Japanese quail were affected by body weight and room temperature in different way. Key words: Line, quail, room temperature, reproductiv
Water balance of goats in Jeneponto - South Sulawesi under sunlight exposure and water restriction
No full textWater balance of 5 does of Kacang goat of Jeneponto was studied under the condition of sunlight exposure and water restriction. The study was conducted in dry season with 4 consecutive treatments of 10 d with 4-5 d of adjustment period between two consecutive treatments: (1) indoor and unrestricted water; (2) indoor and restricted water; (3) 10 h outdoor–and unrestricted water; (4) 10 h outdoor – restricted water. The maximum air temperature of outdoor was 39.3OC, and it was 30OC in the indoor environment. In all treatments, the animals were placed in the individual crates. The plasma volume of the goats was higher under sunlight exposure, but it decreased by water restriction, while hematocrite value indicated a reverse responses. Sunlight exposure did not significantly decrease the intake and digestion of organic matter, but water restriction affected significantly and this effect was higher under sunlight exposre. The proportions of water loss through every avenue were maintained relatively constant either under water restriction or sunlight exposure in which the respration rate increased significantly. The findings suggest that sunlight exposure with unrestricted water resulted in a positive water balance without a significant change in organic matter intake and utilization. Water restriction resulted in a negative water balance, reducing organic matter intake and utilization. As the adaptive mechanisms, the goat appeared to be able to withstand in the harsh environment of Jeneponto by expanding plasma volume, increasing body temperature and respiration rate. Key Words: Goat, Water Balance, Sunlight Exposure, Water Restriction, Digestio
Role of various sugars in improving frozen semen quality of Garut ram
Get PDFRam spermatozoa are sensitive to extreme changes in temperature during the freeze-thawed process. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of addition of various sugars in Tris extender on sperm cryosurvival of Garut ram. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina from three mature rams once a week. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was divided into five parts and diluted with Tris extender (control), Tris extender + 0.4% dextrose, Tris extender + 0.4% raffinose, Tris extender + 0.4% trehalose, and Tris extender + 0.4% sucrose, respectively. Semen was loaded in to 0.25 ml mini straw with the concentration of 200 million or 800 million motile spermatozoa per ml. Semen was equilibrated at 5oC for three hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for seven days. Quality of processed-semen including percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), intact acrosome cap (IAC), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated after dilution, equilibration, and thawing, respectively. Data were analyzed using completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates. Means were compared significant difference test at 0.05 significant level. Results of this research showed that there was no significantly difference (P0.05) between treatments for all sperm quality parameters after dilution and equilibration. Mean percentages of post thawing MS, LS, IAC, and IPM for dextrose (54.00; 68.00; 66.60, and 57.83%), raffinose (50.00; 64.33; 61.80, and 61.75%), trehalose (50.83; 65.67; 61.40 and 57.75%), and sucrose (49.00; 66.80; 58.50 and 58.50%) were significantly (P0.05) higher than control (40.83; 52.67; 54.60, and 49.40%) respectively. In conclusion, addition of 0.4% dextrose, raffinose, trehalose or sucrose in Tris extender are effective in improving frozen semen quality of Garut ram. Key Words: Sugars, Tris extender, Frozen Semen Quality, Garut Ra
Effect of ß-xilanase and ß-glucanace supplementations on the performances of broiler chickens
Get PDFA study was conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplementation on the performances of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty five day old chicks (DOC) were allocated into five dietary treatment with 5 replicates. Every replicate had 5 DOC. The treatments were: control, control + 0.02% ß-xylanase, control + ß glucanase at three levels (0.05; 0.10 and 0.20%). The treatments were carried out in a randomized block design. Parameter measured were: feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 3 and 5 weeks old, while carcass, internal organ, abdominal fat, thickness of intestine, and mortality were observed only at 5 weeks old. The results showed that enzyme supplementation did not significantly (P0.05) affect feed intake and live weight gain of chicks at 3 weeks old, but the FCR of enzyme supplementation was significantly (P0.05) better as compared with the control. FCR of birds fed with ß-glucanase tended to be better than the ß-xylanase supplementation (P0.05). The enzyme addition did not significantly (P0.05) affect all parameters recorded at 5 weeks old chickens. It is concluded that the best treatment for chicks at 3 weeks old was 0.05% ß-glucanace supplementation. This treatment improved 7.55% FCR as compared to the control. Key Word: Enzyme, Performances, Broile
Efficacy of concentration of egg yolk in Tris extender with and without seminal plasma on frozen semen quality of Saanen bucks
Get PDFBucks semen is easily damaged compared to bull semen during cryopreservation process. Consequently, frozen semen quality decrease especially motility, live sperm, intact plasma membrane, and intact acrosomal cap after thawing. Objectives of this research was to evaluate the effect of egg yolk concentration in Tris extender with and without seminal plasma in maintaing frozen semen quality of Saanen buck. Four heads of Saanen buck of 2-4 years old were used in this experiment. Semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina. Experimental design applied was factorial complete random desing 2x2, viz. A factor was seminal plasma (A1 = with seminal plasma and A2 = without seminal plasma), and B factor was concentration of egg yolk (B1 = 10% and B2 = 20%). Duncan test were applied to identity differences between treatment. Result of these study indicated that the mean percentage of motility (M), live sperm (LS), sperm with intact plasma membrane (IPM) and intact acrosomal cap (IAC) after dilution and equilibration were not significantly different (P0.05) in all treatment. After thawing, the mean percentage of M, LS sperm with IPM and IAC in A1 treatment (41.43, 51.52, 56.63 and 50.35% respectively) were significantly higher (P0.05) than A2 treatment (37.14; 48.67; 52.31 and 45.09% respectively). Likewise, the mean percentage of M, LS, sperm with IPM and IAC in B2 treatment (41.79; 51.32; 55.78 and 49.50% respectively) were significantly higher (P0.05) than B1 treatment (36.79, 48.86; 53.16 and 45.94% respectively). There were a significant interaction between factors of seminal plasma and concentration egg yolk in Tris extender, where the increase of egg yolk concentration from 10% to 20% in unwashed seminal plasma treatment caused increase in percentages of M, LS, sperm with IPM and IAC. On the other hand in washed seminal plasma treatment there were a trend of decreasing frozen semen quality. It is concluded that the combination of 20% egg yolk in Tris extender with seminal plasma is effective in maintaining frozen semen quality of Saanen bucks. Key Words: Saanen Bucks, Semen Quality, Egg Yolk, Seminal Plasm
Development of serological technique for examination of aspergillosis in chicken
Get PDFAspergillosis detection by using serological method has not been reported in Indonesia. In this case, a study was conducted, by using mycelium extract of A. fumigatus as the antigen. Rabbits and chickens were injected with the antigen to produce positive serum (antiserum). The antigen and antiserum were tested serologicaly by Immunodiffusion/Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP), ELISA and Immunoblot. Chicken serum of broiler and layer collected from field were also included in the test. All positive serum of the experimentally animals gave positive results with all methods of serological tests. No bands of precipitation reaction in AGP test with chicken serum from the field. Both chicken and rabbit positive serum with ELISA test showed high Optical Density (OD), while field chicken serum from broiler commonly gave lower OD compared to layer. Immunoblot test of chicken positive serum showed bands of reaction with the antigen in nitrocellulose membrane, approximately on 33, 38, 44, 52, 70, 77, 97, and 110 kDa, meanwhile field chicken serum with high OD in ELISA test, showed bands approximately on 16, 18, 33, 38, 44, 47, 52, 70, 77, 84, 97, and 110 kDa. It means that the field chicken serum contain immunoglobulin molecules has spesific antibody of aspergillus antigen. It is concluded that the ELISA test can be used for screening on chicken aspergillosis in serological methode. Key Words: Antigen, Aspergillus fumigatus, Serology, Chicke
Characterisation of enzymatic activities of H5N1 influenza virus
No full textOne of the two glycoproteins projected from the surface of the influenza virus is identified as neuraminidase. This enzyme enables the virus to spread in the host, and therefore it plays vital roles in the viral pathogenicity. From the viewpoint of disease control, neuraminidase is used as the target for the development of anti-flu drugs, and for the development of diagnostic test to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Since the roles of the enzyme are very important, information regarding the characteristics and the procedure to measure its activity, which is the purpose of this study, is essential. The optimum incubation time of the neuraminidase-substrate (fetuin) reaction and the optimum pH of the buffer were determined. The stability of the enzyme against heating, supplementation or chelating of calcium ion, and b-propiolactone treatment were analysed. This study showed that neuraminidase from H5N1-influenza virus was, in regards to the characteristics investigated in this study, was comparable to that from Clostridium perfringens. The optimum incubation time for the viral and Clostridial neuraminidases were 60 and 30 minutes, respectively; whereas, the optimum pH for both neuraminidase was 6-7. At pH 8, both neuraminidase were inactive. Supplementation of calcium ion tended to increase activity but chelating of the cation did not have any observable effects. Treatment with 0.2% b-propiolactone for 6 hours reduced the activity, whereas heating at 60°C for 60 minutes abolished all activity. Since inactivation by b-propiolactone is partially only, neuraminidase assay could be performed safely in ordinary laboratories using b-propiolactone-treated-influenza virus, rather than the life virus. The thermolabile nature of the enzyme will complicate any attempt to purify the enzyme. Key Words: H5N1, Neuraminidase, Stability, Thiobarbituric Assa