Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Utilization of mixed cellulolytic microbes from termite extract, elephant faecal solution and buffalo ruminal fluid to increase in vitro digestibility of King Grass
No full textCellulose is a compound of plant cell walls which is difficult to be degraded because it composed of glucose monomers linked by β-(1.4)-bound. It will be hydrolysed by cellulase enzyme secreted by cellulolytic microbes. The effective digestion of cellulose needs high activity of cellulase enzyme. This research aims to increase in vitro king grass digestibility utilizing mixed cellulolytic microbes of termite extract, elephant faecal solution, and buffalo ruminal fluid. Twelve syringes contained gas test media were randomly divided into four treatments based on sources of microbe (SM), namely: S (SM: cattle ruminal fluid [S]), RGK (SM: mixed cellulolytic microbes of termite extract, elephant faecal solution, and buffalo ruminal fluid [RGK], with composition 1 : 1 : 1), S-RGK (SM: S + RGK, with composition 1:1), and TM (without given treatment microbe). Digestibility was measured using gas test method. Average of gas production treatment of S-RGK (70.2 + 0.6 ml) was higher and significantly different (P0.01) compared to treatment of S (60.3 + 0.8 ml), RGK (40.8 + 2.3 ml), and TM (13.3 + 2.0 ml). Utilization of mixed cellulolytic microbes of termite extract, elephant faecal solution, and buffalo ruminal fluid (RGK) that combined with microbes of cattle ruminal fluid (S) could increase in vitro digestibility of king grass. Key Words: Cellulolytic Microbe, Termite Extract, Elephant Faecal, Buffalo Ruminal Flui
The effect of the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica infestation on the leucocyte eosinophil cell profile on sheep
Get PDFEosinophil is one of the major leucocyte cell in the blood which specifically reacted on parasite infection, thus it is important to determine its profile against the F. gigantica infection. The aims of this study is to determine the differences of the eosinophil count profiles on the different breed of sheep infected with F. gigantica and its relation with the resistance of sheep bred against parasitic disease. Four groups of sheep consist of Indonesian Thin Tail (ITT) sheep, Merino sheep, backcross sheep (10 families) and F2 sheep were infected with 300 metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica. The total sheep used in this trial is 621. Those sheep were observed for 12 weeks and the blood samples were collected every 2 weeks after infection. The results showed that total eosinophil counts in all infected sheep increased after two weeks post infection and ITT sheep showed the highest counts. On the other hand, the mean fluke counts on ITT sheep is the lowest compared with the other groups of sheep. Merino and F2 sheep had the highest mean fluke counts. Three families of backcross sheep had the mean flukes count similar to ITT sheep and the other 7 families were similar to the Merino sheep. In conclusion, the highest total eosinophil count at the early stage of infection on ITT sheep might be related with the genetic resistance, which was showed by the lowest flukes count, and the resistance was inherited to some of the backcross sheep, which had similar flukes count with ITT sheep. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, eosinophil, shee
Genetic diversity of Lombok chickens based on D-loop mitochondrial DNA sequences
Get PDFMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement (D)-loop sequences were used to study the genetic diversity and relationship of Lombok chickens. A total of 45 individuals were sampled. The D-loop segment was PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced. The sequences of the 785 nucleotides were used for analysis. Twelve haplotypes were identified from 25 polymorphic sites with polymorphism between nucleotides 200 and 400 contributing to 80% of the variation. Fu’s Fs value was - 8.768 (all samples, P = 0), indicating high genetic diversity and population expansion, a conclusion supported by a neighbor– joining analysis of the haplotypes. Nucleotides diversity of the Lombok chicken were 0.00221 and haplotype diversity were 0.654 + 0.08. The dominant haplotype found among the Lombok chickens was haplotype B (62%) and genetic distances value ranged from 0.001 to 0.017. Key Words: Mtdna, D-Loop, Genetic Diversity, Haplotype, Lombok Chicke
Superovulation in different buffalo genotypes
Get PDFStudies has been conducted to evaluate the response of different buffaloes genotype to superovulation treatments. PSMG (2500 IU) was injected intra muscular in a single injection on day 10 of estrus cycle while a total of 12 ml Folltropin was administrated twice a day with 12 hours interval in a decreasing doses for 4 days (2.5; 2.5; 2.0; 2.0; 1.0; 1.0 and 0.5; 0.5 ml). Embryos were collected by non-surgically technique on day 6 of estrus cycle by flushing each horn of uterus with 500 ml Dubelco's Phosphat Buffer Saline (DBPS). Diameter of ovary (DO), total corpora lutea (TCL), total embryo (TE) and percentage of recovery rate (% RR) were recorded as parameters. Administration of hormone highly significantly (P0.01) affected the ovulation response of buffalo. The mean DO was highly significantly higher (P0.01) in PMSG than that in Folltropin (9.5 vs 4.4 cm), but TCL, TE and % RR were significantly lower (P0.01) in PMSG (2.0; 0.0 and 0.0 vs 5.5; 2.6 and 43.7). The mean DO was significantly higher (P0.05) in river than both in swamp and crosses (6.0 vs 4.3 and 3.3 cm). No significantly differentwas observed between the mean DO of swamp and crosses. TCL, TE and % RR were not statistically significant among different buffalo genotype. The mean of TCL, TE and % RR were 6.2, 2.5 and 48.0; 5.8; 2.3 and 40.0 and 5.7; 3.3 and 52.8 for river, swamp and crosses buffalo, respectively. Both left and right ovary gave a similar response to superovulation treatments. In onclusion, the response of a different buffalo genotypes following superovulation with Folltropin was not significant. Key words: Superovulation, buffalo, genotype, embry
Production and physical composition of Priangan male sheep carcass supplemented by Pasak Bumi peptide (Eurycoma longifolia Jack)
Get PDFPasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack/ELJ) is frequently claimmed to increase expression of masculinity, including inducing the lean growth. This study was aimed to determine the effect of ELJ peptide supplementation on yield and physical composition of lamb carcasses. Sixteen Priangan rams about 1 year old with average weight of 30.43±1.41 kg were maintained in individual cages. The experimental rams were divided into 4 treatments i.e. T0, T1, T2, and T3. In T0, T1 and T2 treatments, the experimental rams were administered: 0, 1.5, and 3 mg ELJ peptide/kg BW, respectively. In the T3 treatment, the experimental ram were administered 1 mg/kg commercial product eurypeptide®. The ELJ peptide and commercial product were administered first in the morning prior to feeding. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design of four treatments and four replications. Data were covariance analyzed with an empty body weight as covariate for carcass weight and the right carcass weight as covariate for carcasses physical composition. The results showed that the weights of dissection body fat of T2 and T3 were lower than T0 (P 0.05) and T1 (P 0.01). Fat weight reduction was found in all parts of the carcass and more apparent in the fore saddle. Lean weights were higher ( P 0.05) in T3 and T2 as compared to T1 and T0. The pattern of lean weight differed among treatments in the wholesale cuts that follow the total lean weight eventhough it was not significant. ELJ peptide treatment did not significantly affect either bone weight or wholesale cuts weight. In conclusion, T2 and T3 can improve carcass composition with equal ability. Key Words: Ram, Eurycoma Longifolia Peptide, Carcas
The nutritional quality of herbaceous legumes on goats: Intake, digestibility and nitrogen balances
Get PDFThe availability of forages is a critical factor that determine the sustainability of the animal-plantation production system. In this typical production system, cover crops could be an important sources of forages to support the animal production. The study is aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality (chemical compositions, intake, digestibility and N balances) of herbaceous legumes namely Arachis pintoi and Arachis glabrata having potential for used as alternative cover crops in plantation. Centerocema pubescens, a conventional cover crops used in plantation, was used as control. Twenty-one mature male goats (16-18 kg) were used in this experiment. The animals were put in individual metabolism cages, divided into three groups (7 animal per group) based on the body weight, and were randomly allocated into one of the three forages. The experiment was run in a Completely Randomized Design. The animals were allocated to an adaptation period for 14 days, followed by intake measurement for 5 days and fecal and urine collection for the next 7 days. During the fecal and urine collection forages were offered at 90% of the maximum intake. Chemical analyses showed that the DM and OM contents were relatively equal among the forages, but the crude protein content of C. pubescens (23.56%) are relatively higher than those of A. pintoi (16.94%) or of A. glabrata (15.19%) The fiber (NDF) content was also relatively higher in C. pubescens (59.37%) than in A. pintoi (16.94%) or A. glabrata (41.50%). The forage intake was highest (P0.05) in goats fed C. pubescens (493 g/d), and were not different (P0.05) between goats fed A. pintoi (466 g/d) or A. glabrata (453 g/d). A similar trend was seen when intake was expressed as % BW (3.80, 3.50 and 3.40, respectively) or as g/kg BW0.75 (42.4, 39.5 and 38.4, respectively). The digestion coeficient of DM (81.3%) or OM (83.5%) were highest (P0.05) in A. pintoi and were not different (P0.05) between A. glabrata (71.9 and 73.2%, respectively) and C. pubescens (73.7 and 74.2%, respectively). The trends were the same with the digestion coeficient of ADF and the energy. The ADF digestibility were 67.8, 55.9 and 54.5% in A. pintoi, A. glabrata and C. pubescens, respectively). The energy digestibility were 81.8, 67.5 and 69.4% in A. pintoi, A. glabrata and C. pubescens, respectively. The N balances were positive in goats fed these three forages, but the highest (P0.05) N retention was observed in goats offered C. pubescens (17.7 g/d) as compared to those fed A. pintoi (9.4 g/d) or A. glabrata (7.7 g/d). The higher intake level in goats fed C. pubescens and its higher N content seemed to be the main reason for the highest N retention. It is concluded that based on these nutritive parameters, C. Pubescens has superior nutritive quality compared to A. pintoi and A. glabrata, while the A. pintoi seemed to be better than the A. glabrata. Key Words: Legumes, Cover Crops, Nutritive Quality, Goat
Nutritive value of fermented palm oil sludge added with different sources of phosphorus
Get PDFThe experiment has been conducted to determine the nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermented with A. niger added with different sources of phosphorus (NPK, P2O5, NaH2PO4). The experiment was assigned in a factorial (3x3) design. The main factor was sources of phosphorus, while the sub factor was time of incubation (0, 4 days aerobic incubation, and 4 days aerobic incubation followed by 2 days anaerobic incubation). Parameters measured were pH, soluble nitrogen, true protein and crude protein, total α-amino acid (TAAA), soluble phosphorus and total phosphor, in vitro dry matter (DCBK), and true protein digestibilities (DCP). Results from the analyses showed that fermentation increased the contents of soluble and total P, protein and TAAA and the value of in vitro protein digestibility. Fermented product added with P2O5 had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility, while the one added with NPK had true protein content and digestibility. It was concluded that additional NPK gave the best result interm of nutritive value. Key words: Palm oil sludge, A. niger, phosphorus source
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay for detecting of antibody to canine distemper virus
Get PDFSerum neutralisation test (SNT) has been established for evaluating canine distemper vaccination, but until now SNT was rarely used due to the need for continuous tissue culture facilities and requires 3 days to perform. For detecting antibody to canine distemper virus, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is relatively simple and rapid seroassay. ELISA for canine immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV) was developed by using Onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus as coating antigen. Rabbit anti canine IgG labelled with horse radish peroxidase was used as the conjugate, while phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD) was used as the substrate. The ELISA results were then compared with the results of the SNT, using the sera of 312 random-source dogs from West Java. The two test-results had a high degree of correlation. Very few discrepancies occurred and most of these were at the lower limits of each test. When the sera were tested at 1 : 100 dilutions, there was a 95.5% agreement between the ELISA and SNT. Their sensitivity and spesificity were 83.9 and 98.4%. Titrated SNT and ELISA also were performed on sera from 7 dogs whose lifetime medical histories were known. The antibodies were inclining up after two months of post vaccination, where the titre was not in zero/lower position at the day of vaccination. However, antibody zero or low position were found at 28 days post vaccination. All of the results indicated that ELISA can be used for evaluating antibody to canine distemper virus response, replacing the SNT.Key Words: ELISA, Serum Neutralization Test, Distemper, Dog
Pathogenicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica local isolate in piggeries
Get PDFBordetella bronchiseptica causes respiratory tract infections in many animals species. The bacteria were isolated and identified from piggeries in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to define the pathogenicity of B. bronchiseptica local isolate. Thirty piglets less than a week old were divided into 6 treatment groups. Each group of five was infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica BS9 (BCC B2455) local isolate with dose of 4.2 x 105, 4.2 x 106, 4.2 x 107, 4.2 x 108, 4.2 x 109 dan 4.2 x 1010 CFU/ml respectively by intra nasal inoculation, and three piglets were used as the control. The clinical signs, reisolation of bacteria, and histopathological changes were observed. The result showed that all treatment groups showed clinical sign of serous nasal discharge, and sneezing only found in two groups. Reisolation of those bacteria from concha were found in all groups, from trachea in one group, from bronchus in all groups, and they were not found in the control group. Histopathological change of epithelial cells desquamation and lost of cillias on concha were found in all treatment groups. On the trachea, epithelial cells desquamation were found in 3 treatment groups and lost of cillias in 4 treatment groups. On the bronchus, epithelial cells desquamation were found in 2 treatment groups and lost of cillias were found in 3 treatment groups. Total piglet that showed clinical phenomenon, positive bacteria reisolation and histopathological change from each group were not proportion to the dose given. This study showed that the local isolate of B. bronchiseptica was pathogenic because it can cause the damage of ciliated cylindrical epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. Key Words: Bordetella bronchiseptica, Local Isolate, Pathogenicity, Pigle
Use of pregnant mare’s sera gonadotropin (PMSG) in media in vitro maturation of cow oocytes
Get PDFIt is known that hormone addition in media helps in vitro maturation of oocyte. This research was aimmed to determine the effect of PMSG in media to maturation rate and nucleous developvement of cow oocyte. Ovaries were obtainned from local slaughterhouse. The media used for in vitro maturation of oocyte was TCM- 199 and the treatment was 3 levels of PMSG: 0, 10 and 20 mg/ml. Result of this research showed that the dose of PMSG in maturation media was significantly affected (P0.05) nucleolus development of oocytes and maturation rate. The average of germinal vesicle (GV) stage in 3 levels of PMSG 0, 10 and 20 mg/ml were 38.33; 12.64 and 9.64%, respectivelly. There was no germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) found in 3 levels of PMSG addition. The nucleous development of metaphase–I (M-I) were 7.64; 20.2 and 22.00%, but the average of maturation rate (M-II) was 16.32; 48.10 and 35.34% for 3 levels of PMSG: 0, 10 and 20 mg/ml, respectivelly. It is concluded that 10 mg/ml PMSG in media of in vitro maturation resuls in the highest maturation rate of cow oocyte. Key Words: Oocyte, Maturation, In vitro, Hormone, PMS