Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
Not a member yet
695 research outputs found
Sort by
The change of nutritional value of the fermented Eichhornia crassipes Mart meal as broiler rations
Get PDFEichhornia crassipes Mart is one of the water plants which grows in the rivers, ricefields, water reservoirs or dams. This plant is often considered as water weeds that harm people much. This weed can be used for feeding the animal, but it has high crude fiber. Fermentation tehnology could be done to overcome the problem. E. crassipes Mart is grounded into meal and solidly fermented by mixing minerals and Trichoderma harzianum for 4 days at room temperature. The fermentation resulted the increase of nutritional value. The crude protein increases for 61.81% (from 6.31 to 10.21%) and crude fiber decreases for 18% (26.61 to 21.82%). The in vivo experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design using 80 day old broiler chicks with 5 replication. They were alotted to 4 diets containing one control without fermented E. crassipes Mart, 5, 10 and 15% of fermented E. crassipes Mart. Diets were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio, carcas and abdominal fat were observed as parameters. Result showed that no parameter were significantly affected by treatments, although the nutritional values were slightly decreasing in higher fermented E. crassipes. The fermented E. Crassipes Mart can be used up to 15% in broiler rations. Key Words: Eichhornia crassipes Mart Meal, Nutritional Value, Fermentation, Ratio
Comparison of serological test for toxoplasmosis using Immunostick Assay, ELISA and Latex Agglutination Test
Get PDFMany serological methods were developed in order to improve detection and identification of an infectious diseases. ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), is a well-known as the most serological technique and widely used for infectious disease diagnoses, especialy toxoplasmosis in human and animal. Unfortunately, the technique requires specific tools and expertise that are not always available in the field. Inn addition, ELISA needs longer process than other techniques for both small and large number of samples. Another serological assay, namely Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) was known as populer and mostly applied in field for toxoplasmosis diagnosis in Indonesia, both for human and animal serum. However, the accuracy of this technique was slightly lower compared to ELISA, especially for weakly seropositive. Recently, an immunostick assay technique was developed as alternative serological method which has high accuracy as ELISA. The immunostick assay was rapid and simple like latex agglutination test. The immunostick assay was evaluated to detect Toxoplasma gondii infection in goat serum samples and compared to ELISA and LAT. The immunostick assay had a true agreement 95.88% - 100% againts ELISA and their strength of agreement was very good aggreement with ELISA (k = 0.796; AC1 = 0.948). However, LAT had true agreement only 75.74%, either with ELISA or immunostick assay. The strength of agreement of LAT was moderately aggreement with ELISA or immunostick assay (k = 0.447; AC1 = 0.582). Therefore, the immunostick assay could become the first choice for rapid serological assay on toxoplasmosis diagnosis, both in the laboratory and in the field. Key Words: Latex Agglutination, ELISA, Immunostick Assay, FELISA, Toxoplasmosi
Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep and goats in West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFThese studies were carried out in three locations representing low, medium and high altitudes in West Java to determine the effects of season, climate, management, growth and mortality on nematode parasitism in sheep and goats. Basically, the animals in each location were divided into treated and untreated groups with anthelmintics. Animals were weighed and faecal samples were collected every 2 to 4 weeks. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. were the predominant species of gastrointestinal nematodes recovered from faecal cultures. In low altitude areas, faecal egg counts dropped progressively throughout the dry season and rose again with the onset of the wet season. The proportion of H. contortus larvae decreased progressively throughout the dry season and increased with the onset of the wet season, however the opposite pattern occurred with proportions of larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. In medium altitude areas, there was no consistent pattern of rising or falling faecal egg counts associated with fluctuations in rainfall. In high altitude areas, there was a trend for egg counts to increase progressively after the onset of the wet season even faecal egg counts were below 1500 epg. After treated with anthelmintics, faecal egg counts were suppressed to only few eggs in two weeks and then rose again in four week later, however in animals received medicated phenothiazine, mean egg counts were maintained below 500 epg. Treated animals in medium areas maintained low egg counts until the end of the trial. Seasonal fluctuation in weight gain of sheep was observed in low areas. Treated animals had significantly lower mortality than untreated animals but the evidence that parasitism contributed to this mortality is persuasive. It was concluded that nematode parasites cause a significant loss of production in sheep during wet season in coastal regions and in areas of rainfall throughout the year. Key Words: Sheep, Goat, Nematode, Anthelminti
The effect of incubation time on capacitation and acrosome reaction of in vitro ovine spermatozoa
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to know the effect of incubation time on capacitation and acrosome reaction of in vitro ovine spermatozoa. Twelve ejaculates from two Garut sheep were collected using artificial vagina and then evaluated macro and microscopically. After semen washing (centrifugation method), semen was diluted in Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium and then incubated during 6 hours in incubator CO2, temperature 38.5ºC. Evaluation of capacitation and acrosome reaction was conducted on 0 hour, 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours incubation time. The result showed that incubation time had significant (P0.05) effect on no capacitation sperm (pattern F), capacitation (pattern B) nad acrosome reaction (pattern AR). Incubation time had significantly (P0.01) effect on subjective motility, life sperm and membrane integrity. Key Words: Ovine spermatozoa, incubation, capacitation, reaction, in vitr
Effect of isoflavone-enriched soybean flour, zinc (Zn) and vitamin E in the ration on testosterone level and total permatogenic cell in seminiferous tubules of rat
Get PDFThe objective of this experiment are to evaluate the effects of isoflavoneen-enriched soybean flour, zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on testosterone level of male rats and total spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules of rat testes as animal model. Diet was given as isonitrogen and isocaloric with 15% of dietary protein. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups and treated with isoflavoneen-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E in different combination. Isoflavoneen-riched soybean flour (3mg/day) was given by oral administration, whereas Zn and vitamin E were mixed wih the basic diet. The treatment was done for 2 month. Results indicated that complete treatment of isoflavoneen-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E on male rats increased testosteron level and total spermatogenic cells in comparison with single treatment and the other combination. The best results showed in the group that given isoflavoneen-enriched soybean flour with diet containing both Zn and vitamin E i.e; testosteron level 3.49 ± 0.31 ng/ml; while the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, early spermatids, late spermatids, and total spermatogenic cells were 37.56 ± 4.48, 67 ± 4.72, 287.11 ± 31.75, 227.22 ± 29.78, and 618.89 ± 47.38, respectively. It was concluded that synergic interaction between isoflavoneen-enriched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E increased testosteron level and total spermatogenic cells of rat testes. Key Words: Isoflavone-Riched Soybean Flour, Zn, Vitamin E, Testosterone, Spermatogenic Cell
Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection in chicken
Get PDFOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) has been recognized in chicken in Indonesia and incriminated as a possible additional causative agent in respiratory disease complex. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the seroepidemiological study of ORT infection in chickens. Ten weeks old chickens are injected with 0.5 ml of killed O. rhinotracheale emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant at a concentration of 109 CFU/ml. Hyperimmune sera and non-reactive control sera were used to standardized the ELISA for ORT infection. Optimum condition for the ORT ELISA was antigen dilution 1/800, serum dilution 1/100 and 1/4000 conjugate dilution. Optical density cut-off point was determined by using 31 serum samples from 2 broiler farms. Cut-off for negative serum was 0.27 (mean + 3 standard deviation). With these optima, 187 chicken sera from broiler, layer and broiler breeder farms were collected and screened. Seroconvertions were detected from broiler and layer farms in Magelang district, Central Java (Bojong I, Paremono, Bojong II, Keblukan) and a broiler breeder farm in West Java. The seraconvertion were 0, 10, 94, 88 and 100 percents respectively. These figures show that the prevalence of O. rhinotracheale infection in chicken in layer and breeder farms were very high. Key Words: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), ELISA, Chicke
Natural infection of malignant catarrhal fever in Bali cattle: A case study
Get PDFMalignant catarrhal fever in Indonesia is caused by Ovine herpes virus 2 and considered as a disease with high mortality rate causing degeneratif and lymphoproliferative disease in cattle, buffalo and other ruminants. A total number of fifteen Bali cattle were naturally infected by Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF). Those cattle were meant to be experimental animals of research on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), Septicaemia epizootica (SE), and bovine brucellosis. The clinical signs of those animals were sudden high fever, depression, anorexia, corneal opacity, mucopurulent oculo-nasal discharges and diarrhoea. Six of them were dead and the remaining cattle were slaughtered at extremis. On the basis of clinical, gross-pathological and histopathological findings, all cases were shown to be consistent and pathognomonic of MCF cases. These cases were regarded as an outbreak of MCF affecting Bali cattle which occurred during wet season and while in other paddock in that area there were a number of lambing sheep. This result confirms that Bali cattle is a very susceptible animal of MCF and the cases were very likely due to the spread of MCF virus from lambing sheep. Key Words: Malignant Catarrhal Fever, Bali Cattle, Natural Infection, Patholog
Effect of fermented Jatropha curcas meal combined with enzymes on metabolizable energy, retention of N, P, Ca and digesteble crude fiber
Get PDFJatropha curcas meal (JCM) contain high protein, but its utilization as feed ingredient is limited by the presence of several anti nutritive and toxic compounds. A research has been conducted in the Faculty of Animal Husbandry IPB to determine the values of metabolizable energy, crude fiber digestibility, retention of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorous of JCM fermented using Rhizopus oligoporus or of fermented JCM suplemented with enzymes on chickens. In this experiment 25 of ten weeks old chickens were used (20 chickens were fed experimental diets, and 5 chickens were used to measure endogenous energy). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications was used in this experiment. The experimental diets were R0 = basal diet without JCM; R1 = the diet contained unprocess JCM 5%; R2 = the diet contained fermented JCM 5%+ cellulase 20.000 U/kg; R3 = the diet contained 5% of fermented JCM + phytase 1000 FTU/kg; R4 = the diet contained 5% of fermented JCM+ cellulase 20.000 U/kg + phytase 1000 FTU/kg. The parameters measured were Metabolizable Energy (ME, Men, TME, TMEn) digestibility of crude fiber and retention of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen. The result indicated that fermented JCM suplemented enzym phytase, cellulase as well as enzym combination increased metabolizable energy. Nitrogen retention was improved highest significantly (P 0.01) by feed of fermented JCM suplemented enzyme compared to control diet or diet containing untreated JCM. The fermented JCM suplemented with phytase enzyme (R3) gave the highest nitrogen retention (76.73%.). The highest value of digested crude fibre (24.65%) was on the diet containing fermented JCM suplemented with cellulase (R2). The calcium retention improved significantly (P 0.05) with diet containing fermented JCM supplemented enzyme compared to that of the diet containing untreated JCM. It can be concluded that fermented JCM supplemented enzymes cellulase, phytase and its combination increased the value of metabolizable energy, digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen retention. Key Words: Chicken, JCM Fermented, Enzymes, Metabolic Energ
Performance, carcass precentages and heterosis values, Alabio and Cihateup line and crossbreeding on eight week old
Get PDFOne effort for improving the productivity of Indonesian local ducks in particular as a meat types is by crossing among the local ducks. Crossbreeding is a fast breeding program for improving some commercial traits. Crossing between two lines or different breed are often used in production systems to utilized the advantage of heterosis (hybrid vigor). Crossbreeding is expected to produce new synthetic strains of duck that perform better than their parents. This study aims to utilize the heterosis and determine best cross, and to study the performance changes due to crossbreeding. The statistical design used in this study was a randomized complete design (RCD) consisting of 4 treatments with 6 replications, each replication consisting of five ducks. The treatments used were the crossing of the pure Cihateup ♂ x Cihateup ♀ (CC), line Alabio ♂ x Alabio ♀ (AA), Alabio ♂ x Cihateup ♀ (AC) cross as well as Cihateup ♂ x Alabio ♀ (CA) cross. This study using male ducklings first hybrid (F1). The results show that the CA is better than AC in the final live weight (7.05%), weight gain (7.32%), carcass weight (9.24%) and carcass yield (2.55%). Fleshy carcass cuts such as breast meat of AA (6.13%) is better when compared to the others, but the highest percentage of meat percentage of the thigh is the AC (10.13%). Duck crossesing CA possess superior properties more and economic value compared with the duck AC. Key Words: Alabio Duck, Cihateup Duck, Crossing, Heterosis, Performanc
Polymorphism of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Get PDFGrowth hormone gene have a critical role in the regulation of lactation, mammary gland development and growth process through its interaction with a specific receptor. Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone which is synthesized and secreted by somatotrop cell in pituitary anterior lobe, and interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of the target cells. Growth hormone receptor (GHR) has been suggested as candidate gene for traits related to milk production in Bovidae. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) genes in Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle. Total of 353 blood samples were collected from five populations belonging to Cikole Dairy Cattle Breeding Station (BPPT-SP Cikole) (88 samples), Pasir Kemis (95 samples), Cilumber (98 samples), Cipelang Livestock Embryo Center (BET Cipelang) (40 samples), Singosari National Artificial Insemination Centre (BBIB Singosari) (32 samples) and 17 frozen semen samples from Lembang Artificial Insemination Center (BIB Lembang). Genomic DNAs were extracted by a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques then PCR products were genotyped by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. There were two allele dan three genotypes were found namely: allele A and G, Genotype AA, AG and GG repectively. Allele A frequency (0.70-0.82) relatively higher than allele G frequency (0.18-0.30). Chi square test show that on group of BET Cipelang, BIB Lembang and BBIB Singosari population were not significantly different (0.00-0.93), while on group of BET Cipelang, BIB Lembang dan BBIB Singosari population were significantly different (6.02-11.13). Degree of observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.13-0.42 and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.29-0.42. Key Words: Growth Hormone Receptor, Polymorphism, Holstein Friesian Cattl