Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
Not a member yet
695 research outputs found
Sort by
Protein efficiency of hydrolyzed feather meal substitution in sheep ration
No full textThe use of protein ration in ruminant is affected by the characteristic of protein. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of protein of hydrolyzed feather meal (HBA) in ration for growing sheep. Twenty-five young rams of 7-8 months old with an average body weight of 21.16 ± 2.47 kg were used in this study. This study was conducted for 12 weeks based on randomized block design (5x5). The control treatment (R0) contained 72% of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and 15% total crude protein (CP), whereas R1-R4 treatments were fed on improved ration containing 75% TDN and 18% CP where HBA was used to substitute feed protein and as by pass protein source. The HBA substitution was carried out in 5 levels, namely: R0 = grass + concentrate with 0% HBA; R1 = grass + concentrate with 1.1% HBA; R2 = grass + concentrate with 2.2% HBA; R3 = grass + concentrate with 4.4% HBA and R4 = grass + concentrate with 8.5% The result showed that an increase of CP in ration and HBA substitution might increase CP consumption (P0.01) but CP digestibility were not affected. HBA substitution increased (P0.01) the average daily gain (ADG) from 90.91 g/head (R0) to 125.33 g/head (R1-R4) or increased 37.86%, but it did not affect the efficiency of protein ration. The respons of HBA substitution levels in ration (x) to ADG followed the equation, ADG = 1.641x2 + 15.778x + 99.372 (r2 = 72.37%). It is concluded that 8.5% HBA substitution in ration can substitute 100% soybean meal, and 2.2% HBA substitution in ration gives the best efficiency to support daily gain. Key Words: Protein, Feather Meal, Substitution, Shee
The effect of cryoprotectant and equilibration period on quality and fertility of duck and muscovy sperm
Get PDFThe study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cryoprotectant and equilibration period on quality and fertility of duck and muscovy spermatozoa. Semen collected from Alabio and muscovy drakes was diluted using three different cryoprotectants:glycerol, DMSO and DMF, thereafter the semen was equilibrated 50C for 15; 30 and 60 minutes then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen, designed by factorial 3 x 3. After thawing, semen sample was investigated on the motility and mortality rate. The best cryoprotectant and equilibration period was used in fertilization test. Duration of fertility was calculated from the second day after insemination until the last fertile egg, and the percent of fertility was calculated from the second day until the forth day after insemination. The use of cryoprotectant significantly affected sperm motility after freezing. The use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant was the lowest (P0.05) compared to DMSO and DMF. Similarly, duck sperm motility after being freezed with glycerol, DMF and DMSO were 9.02; 21.75, and 32.86%, and for muscovy sperm motility were 11.78; 32.45 and 34.92% respectively. The percentage of live sperm for duck were 23.84; 40.14 and 42.20, while for muscovy were 29.26; 53.06 and 51.80 respectively after being freezed with glycerol, DMF and DMSO. Equilibration period did not affect the percentage of live sperm after freezing. Results of this study showed that duration of fertility of Alabio duck after being inseminated with fresh drake semen was longest compared to that of insemination using fresh muscovy semen, frozen drake semen and frozen muscovy semen (4.96 vs 3.5; 2.4 and 1.5 days respectively). Results from this study clearly indicated that preservation of sperm reduced the quality of spermatozoa. It is suggested that freezing technique of both duck and Muscovy sperm could be conducted using DMF or DMSO as a cryoprotectant with the equilibration period between 15 to 60 minutes. Key words: Sperm, cryoprotectant, fertility, AI, duck, muscov
Effect of proteolitic enzymes with probiotic of lactic acid bacteria on characteristics of cow milk dadih
Get PDFTexture of dadih from cow milk tends to be soft, while dadih from buffalo milk have more compact and solid texture. Enzyme is one of food additives that may produce fermented products made from cow milk that has same charcteristic as dadih’s from buffalo milk. Lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk affect product characteristics. This study aimed to determine the effect of combination of enzyme and probiotic lactic acid bacteria on the characteristics of cow's milk dadih. The study was aime designed using completely randomized design (CRD) with 9 treatments, A: renin 2 ppm + 3% Lactobacillus casei; B: renin 2 ppm + 3% B. longum); C: renin 2 ppm + 1.5% L. casei + 1.5% B. longum; D: crude extract of Mucor sp. 0.5 ppm + 3% L. casei; E: crude extract of Mucor sp. 0.5 ppm + 3% Brevibacterium longum; F: crude enzyme extract of Mucor sp. 0.5 ppm + 1.5% L. casei + 1.5% B. longum; G: papain 100 ppm + 3% L. casei); H: papain 100 ppm + 3% B. longum; and F: papain 100 ppm + 1.5% L. casei + 1.5% B. longum). Each treatment was repeated two times. Results showed that combination of renin 2 ppm with 3% of L. casei resulted in the best characteristics of cow milk dadih with viscosity 2278 cP; pH 5.63; titrable acidity 0.56%; moisture 75.03%; protein 6.80%; fat 3.35%; carbohydrate 13.21%; LAB total 6.90 x 1010 cfu/g; it also had a flavor, aroma, texture, and general acceptance that mostly preferred by panelists. Key Words: Dadih, Cow Milk, Enzyme, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longu
The effect of passion fruit hulls level (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis Deg) as Kacang goat feed component: I. Intake digestibility and nitrogen retention
Get PDFTo study the effect of utilization of passion fruit hulls (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis Deg) as feed component on consumption, digestion and nitrogen retention in kacang goats, a trial was conducted using 20 young kacang goats (average initial body weight 23.73±2.16 kg). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design consisting of 4 diets and 5 replications. Animal were randomly allocated into 4 diets (0, 15, 30, 45% of passion fruit hulls). Each diet contains 2550 Kcal/kg metabolism energy and 14% crude protein. The feeding level was set at 3.8% of body weight based on dry matter. The results of the experiment showed that average dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention were not affected by level of passion fruit hulls (P0.05), although nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention tended to decrease with the increasing level of passion fruit hulls. It was concluded that passion fruit hulls can be used till 45% level in the diet. Key Words: Passion Fruit, Consumption, Digestibility, Nitrogen Retention, Kacang Goa
The relative superiority of milk production of Garut sheep and its crossbred
Get PDFGarut sheep (GG) is one of some native sheep that had been well known to the people of West Java. This sheep have some advantages including their ability to produce multiple birth, reach sexual maturity faster and resistant to internal parasite. However, this sheep have also some disadvantages including low milk production, high mortality and low weaning weight. Crossbreeding is one way to improve animal genetic quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the Garut, St.Croix cross (HG), and Moulton Charollais cross (MG) are superior in milk production when compared to Garut sheep. This study was conducted at small ruminant experimental station of Research Institute for Animal production from June to August 2002. The superiority of the crossed sheep was determined by subtracting the average milk production of the crossed sheep (HG or MG) and Garut sheep and then divided the values by the average milk production of Garut sheep, except for the threeway crosses (MHG and HMG) is calculated from the difference in milk production between the means of threeway crossbred with the means of two parents (MG and HG). The data had been corrected by parity and type of birth. The General Linear model of SAS was used to calculate the least square means. Average milk production from GG, MG, HG, MHG and HMG ewes in this study were respectivelly 53.41, 59.48, 55.89, 44.87 and 54.66 kg. The relative superiority for milk production of MG and HG were 11% and 5% over Garut sheep respectively and for the threeway crossbred MHG/HMG was -14% over their parents (MG and HG). Key Words: Milk Production, St.Croix, Moulton Charollais, Garut, Crossin
Effect of genotypes and aflatoxin levels in the diets on early laying characteristics of local ducks
Get PDFLayer ducks are known for their sensitivity to aflatoxin contamination in their diets, and this has been causing problem in egg productivity of local ducks due to feeding system practiced by traditional farmers. This study was aimed at exploring the level of sensitivity of Mojosari and Tegal ducks to different aflatoxin levels in their diets, especially on characteristics during early laying period. Three hundreds and nine female Mojosari ducks and 260 female Tegal ducks were used in this study. Two levels of aflatoxin in the diets, 0 and 150 ppb, were given to 4 week-old ducklings for 4 weeks. Observations were taken on age at first laying, body weight at first laying, and egg qualities as early indications of the egg production potentials. The results showed that different levels of aflatoxin in the diets only affected live weight at first laying, and not age at first laying. The two genotypes differed significantly in egg weight, yolk weight, and shell weight. It is concluded that aflatoxin contamination in the diets during early growth did not really affect characteristics of early laying of Mojosari and Tegal ducks. Key Words: Local Ducks, Aflatoxi
Geographical characteristics of Chrsyomya bezziana based on external morphology study
No full textCorrect identification of Chrysomya bezziana is a fundamental step to evaluate the successfulness of the eradication program based on Sterile Insect Techinque (SIT). However, geographical variation of the fly is being controversial among scientists. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of preservation method on visualisation of characters of external morphology and to analyse geographical variation of C. bezziana populations throughout their distribution regions. A total of 88 flies collected from 7 populations in Indonesia, 2 populations in Africa and each 1 population from Oman, India, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) were tested in the study. All larvae were removed from natural myiasis cases. The larvae were reared at laboratory until they became adult flies. The samples were preserved into two methods, wet (80% ethanol) and dried (pin) methods. Ten external characters of head and body were observed. Data were subjected to principal components and hierarchical cluster analyses in UNISTATÒ software. The Euclid distance measure was used for the cluster analysis, and the linking method used was the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA), to compute the distance between clusters. Results indicated that dried preservation (pinned samples) provided better external character than ethanol preservation. Based on external morphology of adult stages revealed that C. bezziana occurs as two geographical races, African and Asian races. There was no geographical variation of C. bezziana throughout Indonesian archipelago, except for the population from PNG forming its own cluster. Key Words: Myiasis, Chrysomya bezziana, Morphology, Geographical Variato
The effect of Aloe vera bioactive and anthraquinone on the performance of laying hens
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to study the use of Aloe vera bioactives as feed additives on the performances of laying hens. The Aloe vera bioactives was prepared as the dry gel (DG) and semi liquid gel (SLG). The Aloe vera was suplemented into the diets with concentration of equal to 0.5 and 1.0 g DG/kg diets. Diets contained commercial anthraquinone, a bioactive compound of Aloe vera with doses equal to 0.5 g DG and 1.0 dg/kg were also prepared. Diets were compared to control diets containing with and without antibiotic. Two hundred of fifty six laying hens strain Isa Brown aged 19 weeks were used for the experiment. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 4 hens in each replicate. The treatments were carried out for 30 weeks and parameters measured were egg production (% hen day/HD), egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed consumption, egg quality, and mortality. Results showed that feed consumption was not significantly different (P0.05), however DG 1.0 g/kg and anthraquinone 0.5 g/kg tended to decrease the feed consumption. Egg production was not significantly affected by antibiotic, DG, SLG, or anthraquinone (0.5 g/kg), but anthraquinone 1.0 g/kg had more egg production than control. Higher concentration of DG, SLG, and anthraquinone 1.0 g/kg gave better FCR than those of lower dosage (0.5 g/kg). Haugh unit was not affected by the treatment while yolk weight, egg shell and shell weight was significantly decreased by anthraquinone 0.5 g/kg (P0.05). Mortality from all treatments was only 1.6%. It was concluded that treated by anthraquinone was better than that by Aloe vera, however, they were not significantly different. For the healthy reason, the use of Aloe vera is more saver than the use of anthraquinone. Key Words: Bioactives, Productivity, Laye
The effect of freezing rate temperatures and kind of extenders on the quality of frozen sperm of Priangan Goat
Get PDFThe study has been conducted on Animal Reproduction Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Faculty, Padjadjaran University, in Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java to find out the interaction of freezing rate temperatures and kind of extenders on frozen semen quality after thawing. Factorial completely randomized design was used in the experimant with first factor was freezing rate temperatures (7, 13, and 200C/mins), and second factor was semen extenders (egg yolk-citrate and egg yolk tris-base). Each treatment had four replication. Variables observed were sperm mobility and abnormality, aerosome and membrane sperm cell integrities, sperm viability incubated in water for four to seven hours, and sperm recovery after thawing. Results of statistical analysis show that there was interaction between freezing rate of 13°C/mins and egg yolk tris-base on sperm motility. However, other variables did not indicated interactions. The best sperm motility was observed from the freezing rate 13°C/mins on egg yolk tris-base, it had recovery value of 52.53%. Main effect analysis show that freezing rate 13°C/mins had highly significantly results than others treatment (P0.01) on lowest abnormality, best integraty of acrosome and membrane cell, viability in water incubation for four and seven hours and recovery value after thawing, subsequently they were 16.04, 42.88, 37.90, 35.54, 23.51 and 50.92%. Main effect on extender showed that egg yolk tris-base significantly (P0.05) 7 best for lowest abnormality west for integrity of acrosome and membrane cell, viability in water incubation for four and seven hour, sperm recovery value after thawing subsequently they were 19.05, 39.17, 35.86, 32.30, 21.12 and 50.00%. Key words: Freezing rates, extender, quality of frozen semen, Priangan goa
Broiler performance fed jatropha curcas seed meal detoxified by fermentation, physic and chemical treatments
Get PDFUtilization of jatropha seed meal as a feed ingredient is limited by the presence of several anti nutritive and toxic compounds in the seed meal. The aim of this research is to evaluate feeding of jatropha seed meal detoxified using fermentation by two fungi and rumen microbes (as biological detoxification) and using a combination of chemical and physical treatments on broiler performance. One hundred seventy five chicks (7 days old) were used and were divided into 5 treatments in 7 replications and each replication in one cage consisted of 5 chicks. R1 was control feed (K) without jatropha seed meal., 2) R2 was feed with 4% of Jatropha seed meal fermented by Neurosphora sitophila (FNS), R3 was feed with 4% of Jatropha seed meal fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FAS), R4 was feed with 4% of Jatropha seed meal fermented by rumen microbes and R5 with 4% of Jatropha seed meal treated by autoclaved, refluxed by hexane and soaked in methanol (OEHM). Treated feed was given for 14 days at the end of the feeding treatment, two chickens from each replication were slaughtered and organ weights were recorded. Body weight of chicken and feed conversion ratio were calculated. The rest of the chicken was fed commercial feed for the next 7 days (recovery periode). Chicken mortality was almost 0% but 1 chicken from FAS treatment died at the recovery period. Feed consumption was lower at fermented jatropha seed meal than control (K) or OEHM, resulted in lower body weight of chicken. The abdomen fat weight and organ weights especially pancreas or spleen resulted from treatment with jatropha were much lower than that of K. In the recovery period, body weight of chicken in the OEHM treatment was almost similar from that of control chicken. In conclusion, biological detoxification on BBJ was able to reduce chicken mortality but could not improve the daily gain higher than control treatment. The best method to detoxify jatropha seed meal was the combination of physical and chemical treatment (using autoclave, followed by hexane and methanol extractions). Key Words: Broilers, Jatropha Seed Meal, Detoxification, Fermentatio