Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Lateral vaccination against Newcastle disease in broilers : Effect of ratio and density
Get PDFRatio (50%, 33% or 20% of directly vaccinated and in-contact vaccinated birds) and density (5 birds, 10 birds or 15 birds per square meter) for the effectiveness of lateral transmission of in-contact vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) were evaluated in this study . The antibody patterns and the protection against challenge virus were used as criteria. Generally, antibody responses induced by direct vaccination showed higher titres compared to those induced by the in-contact vaccination, but at two week after the second vaccination, the differences were not significant. At the in-contact vaccinated birds, no significant difference (P0 .05) was observed in the pattern of antibody development by ratio . However, group of vaccinated birds with the ratio of 20% tended to have lower protection . The results of the evaluation of density demonstrated that there was no effect of density (P0 .05) to the pattern of antibody development, although the higher density seemed to have the higher protection. However, the density of 15 birds/m2 increasing the susceptibility to the other diseases. Based on the data obtained in this research, it could be concluded that (1) the optimal ratio for the effective lateral transmissibility is 33%, and (2) the optimal density for the effective lateral transmissibility is 10 birds/m2
Study of effectiveness of bacteria isolated from rumen microbes with acetogen medium as methanogenesis inhibitor
Get PDFRuminal methanogenesis has disadvantageous effects on ruminant animals and environment of atmosphere. Inhibition of methane produced through reduction of carbondioxide has been conducted by bacteriological approach. The approach involved the isolation of bacteria from rumens of sheep (IBD) and buffalo (IBK) using medium for CO-utilizing acetogens. The isolate of bacterium was multiplied with the usual culture medium and then used as inoculum to degrade a substrate of King grass under constant temperature (390C) for 48 hours. Fresh rumen fluid of sheep (CRDS) was used as comparing inoculum. Measurementswere carbondioxide and methane gasses, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and NH3-N contents, bacterial count, and dry matter digestibility (in vitro DMD). The data measured were analyzed by using completely randomized design. The results showed that morphological cell of IBD was oval pleomorphic with Gram negative type, and cell of IBK was rod with Gram negative type. Percentage of CH4 produced by inoculum of IBD was lower than CRDS but was not significantly different (29.47 vs. 33.07%), while the percentage of methane produced by inoculum of IBK was very significantly lower than CRDS (24.29 vs. 33.07%) (P0.01). Acetate/propionate ratio as a result of substrate fermentation by inoculum of IBD (3.55) and IBK (3.79) were very significantly higher than that of CRDS (2.43) (P0.01). It is concluded from this experiment that isolates used were effective to inhibit the methanogenesis and the species contained in the isolates were indicated to be homoacetogenic bacteria. Key words: Bacterial isolate, acetogen medium, methanogenesis, inhibito
An investigation of the feasibility of vaccinating against the Old World Screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana
Get PDFThe problem of the Old World Screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana and the limitations of current methods of control are discussed briefly. Any attempt to investigate the feasibility of vaccinating against the fly, as a novel control technology, demands the establishment of methods for fly culture, the production of sources of antigens and the development of assay techniques suitable for the assessment of vaccination effects. This must be coupled to a strategy for vaccine development. This strategy is described, as a prelude to a series of papers evaluating the feasibility of vaccination in detail. Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, screwworm fly, vaccin
The effect of “patikan kebo”(Euphorbia hirta L) preparations on erythrocyte number, haemoglobin level and haematocrit value of chicken infected with Eimeria tenella
Get PDFPatikan kebo” (Euphorbia hirta L) is a medicinal plant mostly used to treat gastro-intestinal track problems empirically. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of distillation, infusion and extract of “patikan kebo” (Euphorbia hirta L) preparations on erythrocyte number, haemoglobin level and haematocrit value in chickens that were infected by Eimeria tenella. Twenty four Hubbard strain broiler chicken raised from one-day-old until three-week-old were used for this study and divided randomly into 4 groups: P 0 (control), P I (distillation treatment), P II (infusion treatment), and P III (extract treatment). A total of 5.000 oocyst of E. tenella were infected into each chicken and the dose of Euphorbia hirta L was 500 mg/kg Wb. A completely randomized design was used and the data were tested by ANOVA. The result indicated that distillation, infusion and extract preparations of Euphorbia hirta L had the potency to increase erythrocyte number, haemoglobin level and haematocrit value. Key word : Eimeria tenella, Euphorbia hirta L, erythrocyte, haemaoglobin, haematocri
The responses of eosinophil and packed cell volume (PCV) on sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFThe responses of eosinophil and packed cell volume (PCV) values were verified in infected sheep, in order to identify whether these parameters could be used to predict the flukes burden and their correlation with breed resistance. Fifteen Indonesian thin tail sheep (ET), 9 Merino sheep and 148 backcross sheep generated from mating of Merino sheep and F1 sheep (Merino X ET cross) were infected with 300 metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica. The blood samples were collected every 2 weeks by using EDTA venoject tubes in order to determine the amount of eosinophils and the PCV value. After 14 weeks of infection all of sheep were killed and the liver was collected in order to determine the number of flukes. The results showed that the amount of eosinophils increased 2 weeks after infection and reached the peak at week 4 after infection. The average of eosinophils in ET appeared higher than the other 2 breeds (Merino was the lowest and the backcross was in between). The correlation between the number of flukes recovered from the liver and the eosinophil counts were positive in ET and Merino, but negative in the backcross sheep. The PCV values remained constant along the trial, except at week 14 after infection; the PCV values were slightly decreased in backcross sheep and Merino sheep, but not in ET sheep. The correlation between number of flukes in the liver and the PCV values were negative in all breeds of sheep. These results suggested that the eosinophilic and PCV’s response of ET were higher compared to backcross and Merino sheep, thus that responses were thought to be associated with the resistant phenomenon. Key words: Fasciolosis, eosinophil, PCV, shee
Salmonella Enteritidis infection in young broiler chickens from breeding farm: A case report
Get PDFold from a breeding farm not far from Bogor. Samples were examined pathologic anatomically (PA) and bacteriologically to isolate the causative agents . The sensitivity of the main causative agents isolated from the samples was tested with some drugs, while its pathogenicity was tested in 3 days old chickens intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and orally, three chickens per inoculations . Exudative and caseous omphalitis, pericarditis, hepatitis, sirsacculitis, and coxofemoral and knee joints were observed in PA examinations, while on bacteriological examination the main cusative agent, ie. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated successfully . Drug sensitivity test showed that the pathogen was sensitive to chloramphenicol, baytril, gentamisin, and sulphametoxazole-trimethoprim, and resistant to erythromycin, colistin, streptomycin and kanamycin . On the other hand, pathogenicity test of the isolate showed that all but two chickens which were inoculated orally, were died 24 hours post-inoculation . It was concluded that young broiler chickens of the farm were infected by Salmonella Enteritidis. Keywords : Salmonella Enteritidis infection, broiler chickens, breeding far
In-contact vaccination against Newcastle disease in village chickens : a comparative analysis between laboratory and field trials
Get PDFA total of 4,977 sera from a sentinel cattle in West and East Nusa Tenggara were tested for antibody against BHV-1, the causal agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). These sera were collected between June 1990 and June 1993, and were tested by using serum neutralization test (SNT). Out of these sera, 3,713 were suitable for IBR SNT. A total of 349 sera (10.4%) reacted. IBR reactors were more prevalent in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) than in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) . Based on this survey, it is concluded that antibodies against IBR virus are present among cattle in East and West Nusa Tenggara
Assessment of farmers perception to corporate institutional for the development of sheep farming in the village : Case study in the villages of Jambu sub district, district of Semarang
Get PDFThe objective of the study is to determine that sheep farming in the villages to increase farmers welfare could be developed taken into consideration of farmers perception and attitude which were included in the planning of development programme. In order to achieve the objective more effectively, the institutional system of sheep farming needs to be transformed into a corporate institution. Field study was conducted during the period of 1994-1997 in two villages of Jambu sub district, District of Semarang. Two approaches were used simultaneously, i.e. ideografis and nomotetis to analyze the data and information. Result s showed that, first, sheep farming in the villages still had big development opportunity .second, the threat of stagnation in the sheep farming may occur due to high dependency on family labor and lack of capital. Third, due to top down policy and lack of vision on the agrobusiness activities, the development of sheep farming could be hampered. Fourth, transforming into a corporate institution may increase economic profitability of sheep farming as well as performance of the farms. Fifth, in order to realize the development of corporate business systems, need to establish a pilot project. To implement the concept, support from banking institution especially for discount rate was necessary, along with the involvement of ATAI (Agricultural Technology Assessment Institutes), local livestock services, credit system and local government leader that has people oriented vision
Purification of recombinant peritrophic membrane proteins of the Old World Screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana
Get PDFTo evaluate the feasibility of vaccinating sheep against the Old World Screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana several recombinant peritrophin proteins were expressed in either a denatured form in Escherichia coli or a native-like form in Pichia pastoris cultures. Purification of the hexaHis tagged proteins was achieved by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Proteins purified under reducing conditions were refolded using a glutathione shuffle procedure. Purification of a glutathione-Stransferase fusion protein was attempted using glutathione affinity chromatography in conjunction with anion exchange chromatography. The authenticity of the expressed proteins was verified by amino terminal amino acid sequencing. Carbohydrate analysis using biotinylated lectins revealed that Cb-peritrophin-48 expressed in Pichia pastoris was glycosylated with high mannose-type sugars. Four of the purified recombinant proteins were used to evaluate their protective immunogenicity in sheep against Chrysomya bezziana strike. Key words: Screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, recombinant proteins, immobilized metal affinity chromatograph
Epidemiological study of brucellosis and its effect on reproduction failures in dairy cattle in DKI Jakarta
Get PDFThe purposes of this research were to observe prevalence, distribution and reproduction failure evidence of dairy cattle brucellosis in DKI Jakarta . To determine the group of cattle infected with Bntcella abortus, senim and milk samples were carried out . At the beginning, bulk of milk samples were collected from containers . Futhermore, the blood samples were simple randomly collected on cattle that were suspected positive brucellosis in the milk ring test . Those serum samples were tested by using rose bengal plate and complement fixation test . Questioner data in relation with on any reproductive failures, such as abortion, premature dead and born weak, were gathered from farmer within 8 consecutive month period . The result indicate that screening of brucellosis using milk ring test based on bulk milk sample was effective tools to determine the infected group of cattle . The average prevalence of brucellosis in DKI Jakarta area was 4 .5 %. Distribution of brucellosis prevalence were 8 .5% at Setiabudi, 2 .3% at Mampang Prapatan, and 2 .9% at Pasar Minggu . Brucellosis was found at least 201 cattle from 38 dairy cattle farm in DKI Jakarta . Brucellosis was caused abortion about 62 .5% dairy cattle and this value was significantly different than that of uninfected cattle (P0.05) . Brucellosis also cause stillbirth around 9 .8% and born weakness 15 .2% . The widely distributed and high prevalence brucellosis of dairy cattle in DKI Jakarta was influenced by uncontrol of cattle movement and high abortion cases rate