Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Isolation of Pasteurella multocida from broiler chickens
Get PDFPasteurella multocida, the etiological agent of fowl cholera, was isolated from five, 32 days oldbroilerchickens in the late of 1992. The chickens were from a farm located in Bogor area, raised in cages and each flock consisted of 1,550 broilers . Therewere 230 birds, aging from 28-31 days old, died with clinical signs of lameness and difficulty in breathing. Serological test of the isolate revealed serotype Aof Carter classification . To prove its virulences, the isolate was then inoculated into 3 mice subcutaneously. The mice died less then 24 hours postinoculation and P. multocida can be reisolated . The sensitivity test to antibiotics and sulfa preparations showed that the isolate was sensitive to ampicillin, doxycyclin, erythromycin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazol-trimethoprim and baytril, but resistance to tetracyclin, kanamycin and oxytetracyclin. This is the first report of P. multocida isolation in broiler chickens in Indonesia, and it is intended to add information on bacterial diseases in poultry in Indonesia. Keywords : Pasteurella multocida, isolation, broiler chickens, antibiotic
In vitro embryo production through modification of time and gonadotropin hormone during oocytes maturation
Get PDFThis research has been conducted at the laboratory of in vitro fertilization of the University of Wisconsin, USA. These embryos can be used for improving genetic value of Indonesian cattle. There is transportation constraint in importing oocytes from USA. It takes more than 24 hours to bring it to Indonesia. In fact, oocytes maturation and ready to be fertilized normally requires only 24 hours in 5% CO2 incubator at 38.5°C. Therefore, this research is needed to study the effect of gonadotropin hormone and time for oocyte maturity and ready to be fertilized at a period more than 24 hours. If this problem could be solved then the importation of oocytes could be cheaper and easier than importation of life animals or embryos. Ovaries were collected from slaughterhouse in Wisconsin. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium in 5% CO2 incubator and at 30°C enriched with FSH 10 μl/ml, oestradiol 17 β 1μl/ml and 10 % FCS as control of gonadotropin hormone treatment (A); with FSH 10 μl/ml (B); with oestradiol 17 β 1μl/ml (C) and without gonadotropin hormone (D) for 24 hours, 30 hours and 36 hours as time of maturation treatment I, II and III respectively. The oocytes were fertilized in vitro with motile sperm selection by Percoll gradient and incubation between sperm and oocytes in fertilization media (TALP) for 20 hours. All zygotes were cultured in modification of KSOM medium up to blastocyst and were fed serum 5 μl/50 μl medium on day 6. Data were analyzed by SAS program. Percentage of cleavage between time of maturation were significant (p0.01); between gonadotropin hormone treatment A vs B and A vs C and B vs C and B vs D and between A vs D were significant (p0.01), but between treatment C vs D were not significant (p0.05). Percentage of blastocyst between time of maturation were not significant (p0.05), but between gonadotropin hormone treatment A vs B and A vs C and B vs D and C vs D were significant (p0.01), but between treatment A vs D and B vs C were not significant (p0.05). Percentage of cleavage, morula, blastocyst, expanded blastocyst and unertilized ova on this study are 66.73%, 22.43%, 40.33%, 0.81% and 32.51 for 24 hours incubation (I); 61.55%, 25.69%, 32.69%, 0.54% and 27.61% for 30 hours incubation (II); 72.43%, 32.06%, 37.97%, 0.0% and 25.31% for 36 hours incubation (III) respectively. According to this study, in vitro production of embryo could be conducted at 30°C and incubation on maturation media for more than 24 hours. Key words: Oocytes, cleavage, embryos, blastocys
A study on the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes, Holstein Friesian and Ongole cattle
Get PDFA study on the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma evawi was carried out in 5 buffalo calves and 5 buffalo adults, 6 Holstein-Friesian calves and 6 Holstein-Friesian adults, and 6 Ongole calves and 6 Ongole adults, each ofwhich was divided into 3 infected and 2 uninfected buffalo calves and adults, and 3 infected and 3 uninfected calves and adults of Holstein Friesians and Ongoles. None of infected animals showed acute clinical signs along the course of the observation period, however roughness of the hair and skin, emaciation, weakness and loss of weight gains were the common clinical signs. Clinical signs of calves were more severe than adults, and those of buffaloes were more severe than cattle . Gross pathological changes were not specific . The mortality rate was 2/3 in buffalo calves, 1/3 in Holstein-Friesian calves and 1/3 in Ongole calves . None of infected adults died of infection. Buffaloes had longer and higher parasitemia than Holstein-Friesians or Ongoles. Erythrocyte counts of infected animals decreased to lower levels than controls, however they fluctuated in the normal values . Haemoglobin and PCV values of infected animals were significantly lower than those of non-infected controls, and those of calves were more severe than adults, and those of buffaloes were more severe than cattle . Infections resulted in loss of weight gains which was the greatest in buffaloes then followed by Holstein-Frisians and finally Ongoles
Growth response of Kampung and Pelung cross chickens to diet differed in protein content
Get PDFTwo lines of native chicken (Kampung and Pelung cross) were subjected to diets differed in protein content (21, 19, 17and 15%), but isocaloric (2,900 kcal ME/kg). Ten (5 males, 5 females) day old chicks were allocated as replicate and thetreatments were 2 lines x 4 levels dietary protein. The trial was conducted for 12 weeks period . Bodyweight gain of Kampungchicken (704 g/bird) was lower than ofPelung cross chicken (844 g/bird). Based on bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio,the optimum level of dietary crude protein was 19% for both lines, whilst consumption was not affected either by lines nor bydietary protein. Pelung cross chicken converted feed to body weight more efficiently than Kampung chicken did. However feedconversion ratio increased with decreasing in dietary protein. Mortality was not affected either by lines nor by dietary protein.Twelve weeks carcass percentage of Pelung cross (64,9%) was higher than of Kampung chickens (62,9%), however carcass percentage was not affected by the dietary protein. Abdominal fat pad was not affected by lines of chickens nor dietary protein. Key words : Native chicken, protein, growth, carcas
The utilization of NDCP (natural defluorinated calcium phosphate) in broiler ration as compared with dicalcium phosphate
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to study the utilization of local rock phosphate or natural defluorirutted calcium phosphate (NDCP) as phosphorus source for broilers by using the imported dicalcium phosphate (DCP) as a reference . The study was designed by formulating 6 experimental diets which consist of 2 phosphorus sources (DCP dan NDCP) and 3 dietary total P levels (0 .55 ; 0.65 and 0 .75%) . Each diet was fed to 60 chickens (10 replicates with 6 birds each) from three day old to 6 weeks of age . Parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, mortality, Ca and P retention, and ash content of tibia bones . Results showed that dietary phosphorus levels (0 .55 to 0 .75 %) did not significantly affect body weight gain, feed consumption, and mortalities . However, better feed conversion ratio was obtained when dietary phosphorus level was 0 .55% . The NDCP treated birds could significantly gain heavier weight compared with those received DCP, although this improvement was also followed by an increase in the feed consumption . The relative biological value of phosphorus in NDCP was 101 `7n . It is concluded that NDCP can he used in broilers diet to replace DCP as phosphorus source
The detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 in reservoir host of malignant catarrhal fever in Indonesia by means of polymerase chain reaction
Get PDFMalignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease affecting large ruminants, some wild animals and pigs. Ovine herpesvirus- 2 (OHV-2) is the causal agent of sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF). In Indonesia, sheep is epidemiologically implicated in the occurrence of MCF. Providing a sensitive and specific molecular biological technique, i.e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a wide range of MCF aspects on molecular level have been developed. The PCR has been successfully used to detect OHV-2 fragment in sheep samples such as peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of sheep, nasal secretion of a sheep lamb, and organs of some sheep lambs. Fragment of OHV-2 was also detected in PBL of goats from some areas in Indonesia but not in PBL of pigs from Bali. These results suggest that sheep and sheep lambs are the potential reservoir hosts of MCF in Indonesia, while the role of goats as reservoir host of MCF has yet to be determined. Key words : Ovine herpesvirus-2, polymerase chain reaction, reservoir host, malignant catarrhal fever, Indonesi
Expression in yeast (Pichia pastoris) of recombinant Cb-peritrophin-42 and Cbperitrophin- 48 isolated from Chrysomya bezziana (the Old World Screwworm fly)
Get PDFPichia pastoris has been investigated as a means to express recombinant forms of two putative peritrophic membrane antigens from Chrysomya bezziana, Cb-peritrophin-42 (Cb42) and Cb-peritrophin-48 (Cb48). Recombinant Cb48 was expressed as a secreted and glycosylated protein. The yield of recombinant protein was 8 mg per litre of culture. In contrast, recombinant Cb42 was not expressed at detectable levels in Pichia pastoris, probably due to A + T rich sequence which may cause premature transcriptional termination. To expedite Cb42 expression in yeast, Cb42 was divided into two domains: Cb42A and Cb42B. Cb42B was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris, yielding 0.4 mg per litre of culture. However, Cb42A was not expressed. This work demonstrates that although Pichia pastoris offers considerable benefits as an expression system producing high level of glycosylated protein, success may vary from protein to protein. Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, peritrophin, Pichia pastori
Development of fowl cholera vaccine: I. Protection of Pasteurella multocida local isolate vaccine against challenge of homologous and heterologous strains.
Get PDFPasteurella multocida locally isolated from chicken and ducks (BCC 299, BCC 2331, DY1, DY2, 12TG, 15TG) andimported strains (BCC 1359, 1362; HEDDLESTON group 1 and 6 respectively) had been tested for its pathogenicity in theprevious study. The aims of this experiment were to study the preparation of local isolate pasteurellosis vaccines and to determine the protective effect of that vaccines in chicken against the highly pathogenic local isolates of P. multocida. Killed monovalent, bivalent and polyvalent pasteurellosis vaccines were prepared and each was adjunvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel at a final concentration of 1.5% and the cell concentration was equal to the No 10 of MacFarland tube standard. Each of the vaccine prepared was used to vaccinated on a group of six week old of layer chicken (8 per group). Each chicken was subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of vaccine, four weeks later each was boostered with similar vaccine with the same dose. Two weeks after giving the boostered vaccine each group of chicken were challenged, half with life bacterium of P. Multocida BCC 2331 and other with DY2. Any chick which survive after challenge was designated as protected by vaccination. Before vaccination 1 ml of blood was drawn from each of chicken and then two weeks apart up to challenge. Serum from each sample was separated and kept in deep freeze until tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chicken vaccinated with killed whole cell P. multocida vaccines of monovalent (BCC 2331 or DY2) and bivalent (BCC 2331 + DY2) were protected against challenge with live bacterium of either BCC 2331 or DY2 at rate 67-100%. There was no protection in chicken vaccinated with either BCC 299, DY1, 12TG, 15TG, BCC 1359, or 1362 killed vaccine. Similarly no protection of chicken vaccinated with either DY1 + BCC299, 12TG + 15TG or BCC 1359 + BCC 1362 bivalent vaccines. The protection rate of the polyvalent local isolate vaccine was at average 50-75%. All vaccinated chicken showed the presence of antibody responses againsted the extract cell and whole cell antigens of either P. multocida BCC 2331 or DY2 local isolate as detected by ELISA. The antibody responses from vaccinated chicken against extra cellular antigens prepared from broth cultures of BCC 2331 and DY2 were detected only from vaccinated chicken with vaccine containing killed antigen of BCC 2331 and/or DY2 isolate. It is likely, the local isolate of P. multocida BCC 2331 and DY2 would be benefit for producing inactive fowl cholera vaccine use in Indonesia, but the protective antigen that enhances immune protection should be determined by means of immunoblotting techniques. Key words: Pasteurella multocida, fowl cholera, vaccine, protectio
Utilization of FecJ F gene in developing commercial sheep farming : Economic analysis
Get PDFAn increase of income per capita in Indonesia is not followed by an increase of numbers and quality of lambs stock. To meet he high demand both for domestic and international markets, sheep production should be elaborated commercially . The Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor has been able to identify the segregation of FecJ F on Javanese sheep, which has large effect on ovulation rate and number of litters born. The study was purposed to analyse the economic value of using Fed gene and the crossing with St. Croix rams to obtain high number of lamb production as well as high pre-weaning growth rate . Sixty seven Garut ewes were used and classified into three classes of singles, twins and triplets or mom: lambs born . From each litter type, ewes were classified according to the breed of rams to be used . Gamt and St . Croix rams were used to represent small and large size of sires, respectively . The parameters observed were litter size, birth weight, sex, feed consumption, weaning weight and average daily gain . Lambs and ewes were weighed on biweekly and monthly basis, respectively. An increasing of input for single born ewes was not followed by dramatic increase in its body weight at weaning, which means that the optimum level of production was not achieved. This resulted a shortening of farmers income. However, for ewes having twins an increase of input was followed by significantly increased of production level . Therefore, the economic analysis model used for ewes that carry the Fed gene showed an increase of income of Rp.30,691 .50, and Rp.24,319.82, per ewe per period for St. Croix sires and Garut sires, respectively . Key words: Economic analysis, Fed gene, shee
The performance of male duck fed different levels of crude palm oil
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the optimum level of inclusion of crude palm oil (CPO) in ducks diet . The treatments consisted of 5 different levels ofCPO (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) with 5 replicates and 10 day-old ducks/replicate. The ducklings were allocated in litter system covered with rice hull . At 0-3 weeks old, ducklings were fed with starter commercial diet . The experiment diet was given to starter (3 - 5 weeks old) and to grower (5-8 weeks old) ducks containing crude protein 19 .5 and 17%, respectively and metabolizable energy 2,900 kcal/kg. Measurements done were on body weight, feed consumption, carcass weight, internal organ and abdominal fats . There were no significant difference among treatments on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, carcass or internal organ weight . There was an increase on abdominal fat with an increase level ofCPO in the diet. Male duck had the ability to accept up 20% CPO in the diet without any negative effect. Key words: Performance, male duck, crude palm oi