Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Production performance and immune responses of broilers given single step down diet with inclution of citric acid as acidifier
Get PDFA research was conducted to examine the effect of lime and citric acid as acidifier with single step down feeding systems on immune response and production performance of broilers. Treatments applied were P0 (normal diet), P1 (single step down diet), P2 (single step down diet + citric acid 0.8%), P3 (single step down diet + lime acid 0.4% (6.9 ml/100g feed)) P4, (single step down diet + lime acid 0.8% (13.8 ml/100g feed)) and P5 (single step down diet + lime acid 1.2% (20.7 ml/100g feed)). The parameters measured in this research were immune responses (percentage of bursa fabricius, spleen and heterophile lymphocyte ratio/H-L ratio) and production performances (muscle protein mass, feed intake and body weight). Research was assigned in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications (8 birds each). Treatment was given one week until 6 week. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and continued to Duncan test at the level of 5% probability. The results showed that percentage of bursa fabricius were significantly (P 0.05) different. Treatment P2 (0.13) showed the highest value and significantly different to that of compared to the others P1 (0.08), but the other treatments were the same. Percentages of spleen from treatments P0 and P1 were statistically different as compared to the others. HL ratio was the same among treatments P0, P1 and P3, but it was significantly different from those of treatments P2, P4 and P5. Based on the results of the present study it was concluded that inclusion of citric acid both natural and synthetic forms can improve immune responses and increase muscle protein mass especially due to the inclusion of synthetic citric acid. Key Words: Broiler, Step Down Diet, Acidifier, Immune Response, Production Performanc
Predicted of production curve and persistensy by wood non-linier model on white Mojosari duck
Get PDFUntil recent, the biology data from white Mojosari duck have been never reported. Different from their sister, the brown Mojosari duck was establish for laying duck. Equation model of non-linier Wood was commonly used to predict the milk production curve. This method is possible for egg production of laying duck. The purpose of the research is understanding of production curve fitted and persistency. The data were collected from 39 birds of White Mojosari duck in Balitnak Ciawi. Four types of analysis data set, those are partial data (16 weeks), full data (52 week), collective and individual data of egg production. The equation of mathematic non-linier Wood is Y=AtBexp-kt by DUD method. The result show that egg production was 236 for 52 weeks record and twenty five percent were reached up than 290 eggs. Production trait will decrease on 4-5th month and after that slow up for increasing, but never came as high as the first and second month production. Estimation of A parameter is 5.5- 6.9 eggs per week, meanwhile the constantan of B is 1.0-1.1 and k is 0.007-0.02 respectively for production data. By percent, showed that A (83-84%), B (0.02-0.06) and k (0.006-001), that all for partial and full data. Genetic correlation between parameter A and B is negative, which is 0.94–0.098 (production data) and 0.24-0.76 respectively. Positive correlation was resulted between B and k parameters. But for A and k parameters were both are positive and negative result. Estimation of persistency was 3.8 weeks for individual data and 3.7 weeks for collective data by partial (16 weeks) data set. And than the fulldata (52 weeks) are 4.0 and 4.1 respectively for collective and individual data set. Key words: White Mojosari duck, non-linear, production curv
The growth of tree legume fodder Indigofera zollingeriana at various levels of drought stress treatment
Get PDFThe research aimed to determine growth of the forage tree legume Indigofera zollingeriana on different drought stress treatments. The study was done based on completely randomized design (CRD), with 12 plants as replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of drought stress, ie control (100% field capacity=fc), moderate drought stress (50% fc), and severe drought stress (25% fc). The variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, biomass production, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot/root ratio, and root length. The data were analyzed by covariance analyzed (ANOVA) and the differences between the treatments were tested by LSD. The results showed that moderat drought stress (50% fc) and severe drought stress (25% fc) significantly (P 0.01) decreased length and height of plant, stem diameter, number of branches, biomass production, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, but not shoot or root ratio. Key words: Indigofera zollingeriana, Drought Stress, Growt
SDR-2 as a strong candidate vaccine for brucellosis in animals
Get PDFVarious mutant strains of Brucella suis type-1 have been recently developed including SDR-2 and SD-7. This research was aimed at revealing the course of infection and serological reactions, as well as the protection capacity of these mutant strainscompared to the reference vaccine strain 19, and the virulent strain B. suis type-1 in Quackenbush mice as a model. Antibody reactions were measured by an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and degree of infection was determined by bacterial spleen count. The results showed that the SD-7 was unable to perform infection in mice. Whereas SDR-2, strain 19 and the virulent B. suis type-1 were able to colonize the mice spleens with varying rate of infections. The inoculation of SDR-2 to the mice produced mild infection and lasted shorter than the virulent strain even with the reference vaccine strain 19. The number of SDR-2 and strain 19 organisms were sharply dropped at week-12 post inoculation while that of virulent strain was significantly remained high. Serological responses induced by SDR-2 was the lowest followed by those of strain 19, and the virulent strain. On the challenge with a virulent B. suis, histological examinations of the spleen of the control mice revealed that there was a marked depletion of lymphoid cells and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia in lymphoid follicles. However no significant pathological changes were observed in groups inoculated with either SDR-2 or Strain 19. Enumeration of survival challenge organisms in the spleens clearly demonstrated that SDR-2 provided significant protection (2.17 Log10) to the animals which was comparable to that provided by strain-19 (2.20 Log10). In conclusion, SDR-2 has a potential as a vaccine for use in pigs against Brucella suis infection. Furthermore SDR-2 offers some advantages over strain 19 in that it is less virulent and induces less antibody responses than the strain 19 and thus may have application in other animals. However, furher study on its efficacy as a vaccine for brucellosis in pigs as the primary host for B. suis needs to be assessed. Key words: Brucella suis, mutant strains, SDR-2 vaccine, strain 19, antibod
Effects of supplement and anthelmintic treatments on parasite establishment and performance of lambs artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus
Get PDFThe effect of feeding supplement and anthelmintic treatments on the establishment of parasites and the performances of lambs was studied in 24 St . Croix x Local Sumatra Crosses infected with Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) . The study consisted of a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement involving two levels of supplement (1 .6% and 0.5% body weight ) and two levels of larval infection (0 and 3,000 L3 initial dose followed by a 1,000 L3-weekly dose) .The supplement x infection interaction was significant (P 0.0001) on the egg counts and total serum proteins, but not on the PCV values (P0.10) . The interaction was resulted from the shift in the magnitude of difference between supplement or between infection level and not by the shift in the rank between treatments . The 1 .6% body weight (BW) group had lower (P0.0001) mean egg count than the 0.5% BW group (1,588 vs. 7,880) . Consistently, the blood PCV value and total serum proteins of lambs receiving 1 .6% BW supplement were higher (P0.0001) than the 0.5% BW supplement group (28 .3 vs . 23 .8 and 5 .2 vs . 4.6, respectively) . Infection resulted in decreased feed and nitrogen (N) intake, but had no effect on fecal-N (P0.0001). N-excretion (fecal-N + Urine-N) was not altered (P0.10) by Haemonchus infection, but N-retention decreased in infected lambs due to a reduction in N intake . The effect of supplement and Haemonchus infection was significant (P0.0001) on daily gain . Lambs on the 1 .6% BW supplement group grew faster than on the 0.5% BW supplement group whether they were infected or not . Infected lamb receiving 0.5% BW supplement lost weight during the experiment . It is concluded that an approach that combines the use of anthelmintics and supplement could ameliorate the influence of gastro-intestinal parasites on the performances of lambs, and reduces the intensity of using anthelmintics in controlling the parasites . Key words : Supplement, anthelmintics, Haemonchus contortus, lamb
Fractionation, identification and vaccination efficacy of native antigens from the screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana
Get PDFsources of potential protective antigens from the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. Their importance in the screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana has now been investigated. Purified serine proteases from Chrysomya bezziana were tested for their potential as vaccine antigens in sheep, efficacy being assessed by in vitro and in vivo assays with larval Chrysomya bezziana. No effect of vaccination was observed by the in vitro assay. However, in the in vivo challenge, larval weights were diminished in the vaccinated sheep, although larval recoveries increased marginally. Vaccination with Chrysomya bezziana peritrophic membrane does induce an effective immune response against the parasite resulting in a significant reduction in larval growth and considerable larval mortality in the in vitro assay. Sequential fractionation of the peritrophic membrane with various surfactants and chaotrophic agents of increasing solubilisation capacity resulted in the separation of discrete groups of proteins. The groups of fractionated proteins were tested in a vaccination trial in sheep with vaccine efficacy assessed by in vitro assays. The urea extract, guanidine-HCl extract and SDS soluble fraction each induced significant levels of protection against Chrysomya bezziana larvae but the effects were poorer than those obtained from vaccination with whole, native peritrophic membrane. Several major proteins selected from the three most protective fractions were purified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since insufficient quantities of these proteins were available for vaccination trials, they were either sequenced directly from the N-terminus or subjected to endoproteinase Lys-C digestion, followed by peptide purification and amino acid sequencing. This gave the information necessary for the expression of several of these roteins as recombinants in a form suitable for vaccination studies. Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, peritrophic membrane, vaccination, amino acid sequence, serine proteas
The productivity of various pure breed and cross breed of imported pigs during lactation period
Get PDFA study has been conducted to evaluate the productivity of pure breeds and cross breeds of imported pigs. Sixteen strains of pigs with five best sows were selected based on litter size and birth weight on the second parity. The results of the study showed that the pure breed performance was better than the cross breeds, as shown by the litter size, birth and weaned weight, less mortality, better mothering ability and better feed efficiency. Between pure breed, the Landrace and Yorkshire were better than other sows and between the cross breed, the LH and YL performed better than other crossbreeds. It is recommended that the pure breed especially Landrace and Yorkshire and LH and YL of cross breed are better than others Key words: Productivity, imported pigs, lactatio
Preservation of semi-liquid Aloe gel: total phenolic and emodin content
Get PDFSemi liquid Aloe gel (LBSC) was preserved using sodium chloride (1, 2 and 3%) and sugar (10, 20 and 30%) for 7 weeks at 4ºC. Physical observations (color, odor and gas) and chemical analysis (total phenolic and emodin) were performed every week during preservation. Changing color was observed at the fourth week and until the seventh week. The total phenolic content decreased by 23.2, 12.9 and 19.0% in LBSC with 1, 2 and 3% salt respectively. The total phenolic content in LBSC with 10, 20 and 30% sugar decreased by 64.0, 53.8 and 30.4% respectively. The emodin content decreased by 60.7% for control (LBSC alone), but in LBSC with 1, 2 and 3% salt it was decreased by 26.2, 19.2 and 50.8% respectively. The emodin content in LBSC with 10, 20 and 30% sugar decreased by 70.5, 67.4 dan 82.4% respectively. Emodin was more unstable than total phenolic. Preservation using sugar was not preserve the availability of emodin, while salt could inhibit the decrease of emodin concentration in LBSC. Preservation of LBSC with 2% table salt gave the lowest decrease of emodin and total phenolic contentsKey words: Aloe vera, fenol, emodin, preservatio
The residue of trenbolone from male Garut sheep which implanted by trenbolone acetate
Get PDFTrenbolone acetate (TBA) is a growth hormone promoter which is implanted into animal to increase the body weight. The implantation of TBA in animal may cause the occurrence of residues of TBA and its metabolite (17-β-trenbolone). The presence of the residue might threat to human health. The aim of this research work was to study the presence of the residue of trenbolone in male Garut sheep which is implanted by TBA. The sheep were divided into 2 groups, those were D1 which were implanted by 40 mg TBA and D2 which were implanted by 60 mg TBA. One animal each from D1 and D2 were killed in the week 1, 2, 3 and 4 after implantation. And 24 hours before slaughtering the urine of D1 and D2 were collected using the metabolism cages. The samples for residue analysis were the organs such as liver, kidney, and the muscles around the implantation sites i.e inner and outer, upper front leg and upper back leg. The samples were extracted by organic solvents and analysed by HPLC. The residue of trenbolone occured in all samples of D1 and D2 which killed on 1 and 2 weeks after implantation. The residues occured on those which were killed 3 weeks after implantation were only in inner and outer samples. The residues in meat and organs were not detected in D1 nor D2 which were killed 4 weeks after implantation. The residue of trenbolone was also detected in the urine and still were detected in D1 and D2 which implanted by TBA for 4 weeks. Key words : trenbolone acetate, 17-β-trenbolone, residue, shee
Trematode larvae in Lymnaea rubiginosa and their definitive host in irrigated rice fields in West Java
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to identify trematodes which utilise Lymnaea rubiginosa as the fast intermediate host. This study was conducted in irrigated rice fields in Bogor regency and at Surade, West Java. A total of 3,253 L rubiginosa were collected from irrigated rice fields from Bogor regency and 2,875 from Surade. The results showed that cercariae of echinostomes, strigeid, Trichobilharzia sp. and Xiphidiocercariae were found in snails from Bogor regency, whereas Xiphidiocereariae and cereariae of Fasciola gigantica, Schistosoma sp . and echinostomes were found in snails from Surade . The larval echinostomes found in L. rubiginosa and adult echinostomes in domestic ducks and village chickens which grazed harvested rice fields in Bogor regency were both identified as Echinostoma revolution. The adult echinostomes were not found in the 24 rats, 11 lizards and 35 frogs caught in the vicinity of the Bogor regency . The possible sources of strigeids, Trichobilharzia and Xiphidiocercariae are discussed