Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Effect of restricted feeding on productivity of Mojosari x Alabio cross-bred layer ducks (MA): 2. Second phase of laying from 44-67 weeks old
Get PDFProductivity and feed efficiency of Mojosari Alabio (MA) cross-bred duck on the first phase of laying from 20-43 weeks old was better when fed ad lib. using pelleted diet. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of restricted feeding of pelleted diet on second phase of laying of MA cross-bred duck performances from 44-67 weeks old. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design. 156 MA cross-bred ducks were devided into three groups and fed three experimental diets: (1) 70% ad lib., (2) 85% ad lib. and (3) ad lib. All experimental diets were fed to ducks for 24 weeks and feed intake, egg production, egg weight, FCR, molting, egg yolk weight, albumen weight, egg shell weight and egg yolk colour score were measured as parameters. The results showed that the restricted feeding of 70 and 85% significantly (P0.05) reduced egg production, egg weight and egg yolk percentage, egg yolk colour score and induced early molting, but did not adversely affect egg white and egg shell percentage. FCR of duck fed 70% (6.47) was significantly (P0.05) the worst compared to the duck fed 85% (4.13) and ad lib. (3.55). The results indicate that MA cross-bred duck was more efficient being fed ad lib. Key words: Restricted feeding, MA crossbred duck, productivity and egg qualit
The recovery rate of embryos using eight different protocols of synchronization and superovulation in sheep
Get PDFA large number of embryo recovery and also transferable is a major problem in superovulation regime of the ewe. The purpose of the study was to recover a large number of transferable embryos by using eight different protocols of synchronization and superovulation for each group of sheep. In this study, the Merino ewes aged between 1-3 years and rams between 2-5 years were used. The embryos were collected surgically on day-7, day-8, day-9 and day-10 after the onset of oestrus. The mean number of normal embryos recovered (3.90±1.49) at day 7 with oFSH alone (4-4.5ml) and the combination of oFSH (4-4.5ml) with PMSG (400 IU) was significantly higher (P0.01) than in the sheep treated with PMSG (1,200 IU) alone (0.92±0.32). The results of this study showed that a mixture of oFSH and PMSG gives the best result in embryo recovery of the ewe and also transferable compared to other methods. Key words : Embryo, sheep, superovulatio
Development of inactivated-local isolate vaccine for infectious bronchitis
Get PDFInfectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry caused by coronavirus. The disease causes high mortality in young chicks, reduce body weight gain in broilers and remarkable drop in egg production. IB can only be controlled by vaccination, but due to the antigenic variation among serotypes of IB viruses, the effective IB vaccine should be prepared from local isolates. The aim of this research is to develop inactivated IB vaccine derived from local IB isolates. Local isolates of IB viruses designated as I-37, I-269 and PTS-III were propagated respectively in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs, the viruses then were inactivated by formaline at final concentration of 1:1,000. Subsequently, the inactivated viruses were mixed and emulsified in oil emulsion adjuvant with sorbitant mono-oleic as an emulsifier. The vaccine then was tested for its safety, potency and efficacy in broiler chickens. Birds inoculated twice with a two-week interval by inactivated vaccine did not show any adverse reaction, either systemic or local reaction. The inoculated birds developed antibody responses with high titre, while antibody of the control birds remain negative. In addition, efficacy test which was conducted in broilers demonstrated that birds vaccinated by live-commercial vaccine and boosted three weeks later by Balitvet inactivated vaccine showed high level of antibody production which provided high level of protection against challenged virus (76% against I-37, 92% against I-269 and 68% against PTS-III challenge viruses). From this study, it can be concluded that inactivated local IB vaccine is considered to be safe, potent and efficacious. The vaccine stimulates high titre of antibody responses, which provide high level of protection against challenged viruses. Key words: Infectious bronchitis, virus, broiler chicken, antibody, inactivated vaccin
The immune responses on cattle and buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica before and after treatment
Get PDFThe immune responses of cattle and buffaloes against the infection of liver flukes Fasciola gigantica were observed by ELISA. Six cattle and 6 buffaloes were infected orally with 700 metacercariae of F. gigantica, 2 cattle and 2 buffaloes were remained uninfected as control animals. Serum blood samples were collected weekly and the antibody levels were monitored before and after treatment. The results showed that the antibody level on cattle increased after 2 weeks post-infection, then gradually increased until reaching the peak at II weeks after infection. In the contrary, the antibody level on buffaloes appeared slower than on cattle, it increased after 13 weeks of infection and reach the peak at 25 weeks after infection. When the antibodylevels reach the peak, both groups of infected animals were treated with triclabendazole. After treatment, the antibody level oncattle was immediately decreased at one week of treatment, and gradually decreased up to the lowest antibody level at 7 weeks after treatment. The response of the treatment on buffaloes showed almost similar pattern, the antibody level decreased after one week of treatment, then remained constant for about 4 weeks, and reach the lowest antibody level at 7 weeks after treatment. It is concluded that the immune responses against the infection of F. gigantica in cattle and buffaloes are different, but the response of the treatment with triclabendazole are similar. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, cattle, buffaloes, antibody levels, triclabendazol
Parasitaemia pattern and mortality of mice infected by Indonesian Isolate of Trypanosoma evansi.
Get PDFTrypanosomiasis (Surra) is one of the parasitic diseases is endemic and deadly for horses and buffalo in Indonesia.The etiology of the disease is a Trypanosoma evansi. Some T. evansi isolates had been isolated and cryopreservated. Those isolates had not been studied for their differences in virulence, particularly with regard to the pattern of parasiteaemia and their ability to promote mice mortality. Therefore in this study the differences in virulence was studied. DDY mice were divided in to 19 groups according to each isolate to be tested. Each group consisted of 5 mice. Infection were carried intraperitoneally at a dose of 104 Trypanosoma/mice. Mice were examined every two days. Blood samples were taken from tail’s peripheral blood and were examined under light microscope. Parasite were quantitatively counted using Naubauer chamber. Parasitemia and mice survival were observed for 30 days or until all mice died.The results indicated that there was significant difference among the isolates.Through out the nineteenth isolate scan could be grouped into 3 different biotypes associated with patterns of parasitemia and their ability to kill mice. Biotype1 was the most virulent with the ability to promote mice mortality ≤ 8 days post-infection (dpi). The biotype2 and 3 were the lowest compared to biotype 1. Biotype2 had an undulating parasitaemia, where as biotype 3 showed persistently high parasitaemia with the ability to promote mice mortality ≥ 14dpi. The results also indicate the presence of mixed infections of biotypes that exist in one isolate of T. evansi. Key Words: Trypanosoma evansi, Biotype, Virulence, Mixed infection, Parasitaemi
Bacteriologica acteriological examinations of ducklings, duck's eggs, feed, and rice bran collected from Alibio market, South Kalimantan
No full textBakteriological examinations of samples consisted of ducklings, duck's eggs feed and rice bran collected from Alabio market, South Kalimantan were conducted in the laboratory during the year 1992 and 1993 . Result of the examinations showed that 22 isolates of Salmonella Hadar, were isolated from 180 internal organ of ducklings (12 .2%), while 1 isolate of Salmonella Typhimurium (0 .5%), and 1 isolate of Salmonella Virchow (0 .5%) was isolated respectively from 180 duck's eggs. Besides, other bacteria were also isolated namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp ., Citrobacter sp . Enterobacter sp, Proteus sp., and Serratia sp . No pathogenic bacteria were isolated from feed as well as from rice bran . Keywords : Alabio ducklings, duck's eggs, feed, rice bran, Salmonella spp ., South Kalimanta
Effects of grazing systems on pasture production and quality of Brachiaria brizantha and liveweight gain of lambs .
Get PDFGrazing cycle beyond parasite survival time can reduce the level of parasite contamination, but at the same time it may depress the quality of available forage for animal production . A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grazing management systems on the production and quality of Brachiaria brizantha and the performance of lamb grazing this pasture . A total of 72 male lambs aged from 3 to 4 months were used . The lambs were divided into 3 groups and randomly allocated to receive one of the following grazing treatments : GMl-pastures were grazed for 6 weeks and then rested for 6 weeks, GM2-pastures were grazed for 1 week and then rested for 6 weeks, and GM3-pastures were grazed for 12 weeks and then rested for 12 weeks . The herbage mass measured before and after grazing was greatest (P0.01) forGM3. Canopy compositions before grazing as not different (P0 .10) among the three grazing methods, while after grazing, the proportion of stem fraction was highest and leaf fraction was lowest for GM3 (P0 .01) . The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of plucked samples were not different (P0 .10) among the grazing methods. The crude protein (CP) concentration was lower (P0 .05) for GM3 as compared for GM 1 and GM2, and a difference of two percentage unitmay be of biological important. The changes in IVDMD and CP concentration of the plucked samples collected throughout grazing cycle remained reasonably steadily . Average daily gains (ADG) were low and not different (P0 .10) across grazing treatment and ranged from 29 to 35 g. It was concluded that a 12-week grazing cycle while could increase the herbage mass of Brachiaria brizantha did not decrease feed intake, the digestibility and the crude protein concentration of the consumed forage . Therefore, this gazing system could be considered as a means to control parasite establishment on pastures. Key words : Grazing systems, herbage mass, forage quality, shee
The effect of IVM and IVC media on in vitro development of bovine embryos
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of medium combination of IVM and IVC on the in vitro development of bovine embryos. The study involved 4 groups in a 2 (IVM medium) x 2 (IVC medium) factorial in a randomized block design. Each group was replicated for 5 times. The treatments were as follows: TCM-199/CR1aa (T1); TCM-199/SOF (T2); B- 199/CR1aa (T3) and B-199/SOF (T4). Oocytes were aspirated from ovaries collected at local abattoirs using aspiration medium of PBS supplemented with 3% FCS and 0.1% Penicillin and Streptomycin. The oocytes were matured in medium of TCM-199 or B-199 supplemented with 10% FCS, hormones: 10μg/ml FSH+ 10μg/ml hCG+ 1μg/ml Estradiol. Maturation was maintained at 37oC for 22 hours in 5% CO2 incubator with high humidity. A method of BRACKETT Oliphant (BO) was used to fertilize the matured oocytes. The fertilization was incubated for 7 hours in the 5% CO2 incubator. Two culture media of CR1aa or SOF/AA/BSA were used to develop the fertilized oocytes undergo to morula and blastocyst embryos. The findings showed that the proportion of oocytes cleaved and formation of blastocysts were affected significantly by a combination of IVM and IVC media (P0.05). A combination of B-199/SOF (T4) resulted in a higher blastocyst rate (32%) than others (T3= 29%; T2=T1= 23%). This study suggests that either SOF/AA/BSA or CR1aa has similar competence in development of bovine embryos in vitro. Key words: Bovine embryo, IVF, maturation medium, culture mediu
Efficacy of application of vaccine AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 on Mojosari ducks challenge against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 in laboratory conditions
Get PDFInfluenza virus HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 outbreaks since September 2012 caused high mortality in ducks. Vaccination is one of strategies recommended by government. However, AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccine not yet available during this research, while AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 vaccines available in markets. Therefore it was important to do study on efficay of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.1.3. vaccines on duck at laboratory scale. Three groups of Mojosari duck were used in this study, they were 1 group vaccinated with A Vaccine, 1 group vaccinated with B Vaccine, and 1 group as control (not vaccinated). Vacination groups consisted of 9 DOD and control group was consisted of 6 DOD. Vaccination was conducted when the duck at three weeks old of age using single dose recommended by producer. At three weeks later (ducks at 6 weeks old of age) all Groups of ducks were challenged with virus HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 at dose 106 EID50/ml by drops intranasaly. Result showed that Group 1 (vaccinated with A Vaccine) produced 67% protection (3 out of 9 ducks died), Group 2 (vaccinated with B Vaccine) produced 100% protection (non out of 9 ducks died), and Group 3 (control, not vaccinated) produce 0% protection (all of 9 ducks died). This study give an alternative of choise to use AI H5N1 Clade 2.1.3 vaccine with high protection when AI H5N1 Clade 2.3.2 vaccine not available in markets to controll high mortality in ducks caused by HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 outbreaks. Key Words: Duck, HPAI, AI, Avian Influenza, Vaccin
Quality of Garut ram frozen semen in various glycerol concentrations
Get PDFSemen was collected once a week using artificial vagina from four mature Garut rams. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was divided into three parts and diluted with tris extender containing 3% (G3), 5% (G5), and 7% (G7) glycerol, respectively, each with the concentration of 100 million motile sperm 0.25 ml-1. Semen was loaded in 0.25 ml mini straws, and equilibrated at 50C for three hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen container. Results indicated that percentages of post thawing motility and live sperm for G5 (40 and 50.50%) were significantly higher than G3 (32.50 and 45.33%) (P0.05), but not significantly different with G7 (39.17 and 47.67%) (P0.05). Percentages of post thawing intact acrosomal and plasma membrane for G5 (42.67 and 43.17%) were significantly higher than G3 (36.17 and 38.17%) (P0.05), but not significantly different with G7 (38 and 39.83%) (P0.05). In conclusion, concentration of 5% glycerol is the optimal dose in maintaining frozen semen quality of Garut rams. Key words: Glycerol concentrations, frozen semen, Garut ra