Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Estimation of demand and supply relationships for beef cattle in Lampung
Get PDFAn increase in per capita income is followed by an increased demand in number and quality of meat . The purpose of the study was to identify and qualifying factors that influence the demand and supply of beef, and to determine the magnitude of response related to the increase in per capita income. In this study, the time series data from 1970 through 1993 was used and collected from the Directorate General for Livestock Services and Central Bureau of Statistics for the province ofLampung. The parameters observed were production and consumption of beef, retail price, population, per capita income and input price of beef production . A 2SLS method was used to perform the analysis . The results of this study showed that estimated demand and supply relationships using the simultaneous model of2SLS method is appropriate for beef cattle . The results indicated that retail price of beef is determined simultaneously by demand and supply linkages (P0.01) . In addition, people in Lampung were responsive enough to anticipate changes on per capita income and lead to the potential for developing Lampung as a strategic beef industry area in Indonesia. Key words : Supply, demand, bee
Subclinical malignant catarrhal fever cases in Bali cattle detected in some abattoirs by means of histopathological examination
Get PDFSurveys were conducted in Mataram (West Nusa Tenggara), Banyuwangi (East Java), Kendari (South East Sulawesi), and Denpasar (Bali) and 413 histopathological specimens were collected from Bali cattle slaughtered in abattoirs . Subclinical malignant catarrhal fever cases were found histologically with the incidence rates as follows : 22 .9% (Mataram, December 1988), 3 .1 % (Mataram, March 1992), 8.8% (Mataram, March 1993), 11 .1% (Banyuwangi, January 1993), 1 .3 % (Kendari, February 1994), and 4 .6% (Denpasar, August 1994) . Totally, from 413 samples examined, the subclinical MCF cases occurred in 36 cattle (8 .6%)
Effect of glycerol and dimethylformamide cryoprotectants on buck Etawah Crossbreed frozen semen using modified tris diluents.
Get PDFA cryoprotectan is component that must be present in a cryopreservation medium to minimize the physical and chemical stresses resulting from the cooling, freezing and thawing of sperm cells. This study was carried out to determine the effect of glycerol (G) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as cryprotective agent in tris-egg yolk (TEY) trehalose (T) and tris-soya (TS) raffinose (R) diluents. Semen were collected from three sexually mature bucks using artificial vagina, evaluated and divided into four aliquot. Each of them was diluted with TEY suplemented with 50 mM trehalose and TS supplemented with 50 mM raffinose, added with glycerol or DMF 4% (v/v). Diluted semen was packed in minitube straw (100 x 106 sperm/0.25 mL) and equilibrated for 4 hours at 5°C, then freeze in N2 vapor for 10 minutes in styrofoam box and stored in liquid N2 container (-196) until futher evaluation. Progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane intact were evaluated after thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds factorial experimental design (2 x 2) was used in this study. The sperm motility in TEYTG was significantly higher (65.07±5.38%) compared to TEYTDMF (61.67±5.55%). In contrast sperm diluted with TSRDMF indicated better motility (42.22±8.13%) than TSRG (39.07±5.38%). It was concluded that cryoprotectant had different effect on different diluents. Key Words: Buck Etawah Crossbreed, Cryoprotectant, Diluent, Frozen Seme
Morphological characterization ofMadura Cattle
Get PDFMorphological characterization of Madura cattle in Madura islands was done as an input for "action plans" of national animals genetic resources management according to the global system ofFAO. Assessments were done in Sumenep District and Pamekasan District, East Java. According to the body measurements, Madura cattle can be classified as a small to medium type with withers height of about 120 cm. Because of potential productivity in the limitation of environmental resources, Madura cattle can be classified as a "superior" cattle . Body measurements of Madura cattle in the present study were relatively the same with those of 50 years ago, indicating that there is no breeding improvement activities except natural selection . The variability of body measurements is relatively narrow . Improving productivity by outbreeding is needed . To conserve the unique germ plasm of the Indonesian genotype, such as Madura cattle and a possibility to improve their productivity by a complete prevention of cross breeding in the Madura islands needs further evaluation . Keywords: Madura cattle, morphological characteristic, conservatio
Effects of glycerol in tris extender on frozen semen quality of crossbred Etawah bucks
Get PDFBucks semen is easily damaged during freezing process, due to the formation of ice crystals. Consequently, semen quality decreases particularly the post-thaw sperm motility, viability, intack plasma membrane and intack acrosomal cap. The objectives of this research are to determine the optimum dose of glycerol in Tris extender in maintaining frozen semen quality of crossbred Etawah bucks. Four head of PE buck of 2 - 4 years old were used in this experiment. Doses of glycerol used were 5%, 6% and 7%. Semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina. Results of this experiment indicated that the mean percentage of pre-freezing motility, live sperm, sperm with intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap in 5%, 6% and 7% glycerol were not significantly different (P0.05). After freezing, the mean percentage of motility, live sperm, sperm with intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap in 6% glycerol (52.60%, 65.03%, 45.63% and 47.54% respectively) were significantly higher (P0.05) than in 5% (44.31%, 52.00%, 37.60% and 37.00% respectively) and in 7% glycerol (45.28%, 52.10%, 37.97% and 37.14% respectively). However, there were not significant differences in 5% and 7% glycerol for any parameter measured. It was concluded that supplementation of glycerol 6% in Tris extender effective to protect of sperm from various shock during the process of semen cryopreservation, so that it could maintain of frozen semen quality (sperm motility, viability, intack plasma membrane and intack acrosomal cap) that suitable used in AI program of crossbred Etawah bucks. Key words : Glycerol, PE bucks, semen qualit
Effects of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cytotoxins on generation of oxygen radicals by porcine neutrophils
Get PDFCytotoxins produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) suggested to be the most important pathogenic and virulent factors for this organism. However, the mechanisms on how the cytotoxins contribute to the disease process remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the cytotoxins on the oxidative-burst metabolism of porcine neutrophils. In this study, neutrophils were firstly loaded with an oxidative probe dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFHDA) then expose to cytotoxins. Cells producing oxygen radicals emitted fluorescence and its intensity was measured with a FACScan flow cytometer. All cytotoxins derived from either App serotypes producing ApxI and ApxII, App serotypes producing ApxII only, or App serotypes producing ApxII and ApxIII were capable of stimulating neutrophils for oxygen-radical generation. However, compared with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), App cytotoxins were much weaker as stimulants for oxygen radicals. In addition, Apx preparation stimulated an oxidative-burst metabolism of neutrophils at a low, narrow range of Apx doses. At higher doses, the toxins inhibit the oxidative burst metabolism. The effects of cytotoxins produced by App during infection on recruited neutrophils into the lungs are assumed to be comparable to those observed in this in vitro study. Neutrophils, and other host cells, adjacent to the bacteria become lysis due to high toxin concentration, whereas those at some distance to the bacteria produce oxygen radicals which in turn cause tissue damage or necrosis. Key words: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, cytotoxin, Apx, neutrophils, pig, oxygen radical, flow cytometry
The phenotypic detection of surface antigen of B lymphocytes, MHC I and MHC II by immunohistochemical techniques in the lymph nodes of Bali cattle infected with malignant catarrhal fever
Get PDFA study on the phenotypic detection of surface antigen of B lymphocytes, MHC I and MHC II in lymph nodes of Bali cattle affected by malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was conducted by immunohistochemical techniques using avidin-biotin complex peroxidase methods. A number of monoclonal antibodies against surface antigen of B lymphocytes, MHC I and MHC II were used. The results showed that the surface antigens were all detected either in the MCF or in the non-MCF Bali cattle lymph nodes. MHC I were shown predominantly occupied in the lymph nodes of infected cattle. The surface antigen of B cells and MHC II were less found in the infected ones. This indicates that in the immunopathological processes in MCF infected cattle, B cells were not actively involved in producing antibodies, whereas MHC I may contribute the high degree of susceptibility of Bali cattle to MCF. Key words : MCF, B cells, MHC I, MHC II, Bali cattle, immunohistochemical techniqu
The effect of concentrate supplement feed during prepartum and pre-weaning on the performances of piglets kept by small holders
Get PDFAn experiment has been conducted to study the effect of concentrate feeding supplement on the performances of piglets . Fourty two sows kept individually were used in the experiment. Treatments were assigned to 3x2 factorial completely randomized design consisting of breed (local, crossed and exotic) and feeding (with and without concentrate diets). The experiment results shown that number of piglets at birth and weaning and liveability of piglets had no different between all treatments (breed and feeding supplement) . The average weight gain of piglets at birth litter and at weaning, growth rate, feed consumption along suckling per head or per kg weaning pig have different results between breed and feeding approved
Development of myiasis vaccine: In vitro detection of immunoprotective responses of peritrophic membrane protein, first instar larva Ll supernatant and pellet antigen of fly Chrysomyia bezziana in sheep
Get PDFMyiasis control by means of individual treatment of animals which are mainly rised extensively is time consumed and expensive. The alternative way to control this disease by vaccination is considered effective and economically accepted. However the expected vaccine is now still being developed under a collaborative project between CSIRO, Inter-University Centre on Biotechnology-ITB and Research Institute for Veterinary Science and funded by ACIAR. There are several antigens have been identified as vaccine candidates and an in vitro bioassay technique has been developed for assessing the immunoresponses of vaccine in sheep. Three antigens were used for vaccines in this study, these included protein peritrophic membrane (PM), soluble extract (SE) and pellet extract (PE) of 1st instar larvae of Chrysomya bezziana. Twenty four experimental sheep were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals, 3 groups of animals were injected with PM, SE and PE vaccines with the dose rate of 0.5 g PM/head, 0.8 g PE/head and 4.2 ml LE/head respectively, and the other one group was injected with 4 ml PBS/head as a control group. Vaccination with the same dose was repeated 4 weeks after the 1st vaccination as a booster, and 2 weeks after the booster the sheep were challenged with live larvae, 3 days after challenge animals were killed. Sera were collected at the day of vaccination, 4 weeks after vaccination, 2 weeks after booster, and 3 days after challenge. An in vitro bioassay technique was conducted by culturing 1st instar larvae on five media containing sera collected from each experimental animal. The effects of sera on cultivated larvae were assessed by means of larval weight and larval mortality rate. The results indicated that the growth rate and survival of cultivated larvae in media containing anti-PM sera were significantly lower (P0.01) compared to the larvae cultivated on media with sera on the day of vaccination. The larval weight depression by anti- PM sera collected at 3 days after challenge was 65% of that larvae cultivated on media with sera collected on the day of vaccination. Anti-PM sera depressed the growth rate and survival of larvae significantly greater (P0.05) than that of anti-PE or anti-LE sera. It is concluded that PM has the best immunoresponses and as the candidate of choice for myiasis vaccine. Key words : In vitro bioassay, myiasis, immunoresponses, Chrysomya bezzian
Antibody fluctuations of infected cattle with Fasciola gigantica and the effect of triclabendazole treatment
Get PDFObservation on the antibody fluctuations of infected cattle with metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica and the effect of triclabendazole treatment were made by means of ELISA technique. Seven cattle were infected with 700 metacercariae and one cattle remained uninfected, as negative control animal. Treatment with triclabendazole was given to 6 cattle, when the mean antibody levels of infected cattle reached the peak, and the other one remained untreated, as positive control animal. One week after treatment the mean antibody levels started to drop and then decreased gradually. After eight weeks of treatment, the mean antibody levels of the treated cattle reached the lowest level or the same value as before infection, thereafter, 6 cattle were reinfected with different dosages of metacercariae of F. gigantica. Two cattle were infected with 400 metacercariae, the other two were infected with 600 metacercariae and the rest of them were infected with 800 metacercariae. The results showed that the immunological responses of re-infected cattle are quicker (5 weeks after infection) and the peak of the antibody levels are higher (ELISA OD = 1.7) than after the first infection (11 weeks after infection and ELISA OD = 1.2). However, after re-infection, there were no significant different on the antibody fluctuations and antibody levels among the infected group, although those cattle received different dosages. Key words: Antibody, cattle, Fasciola gigantica, EL