Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibody for detection of bluetongue virus antigen An
Get PDFantigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a specific anti-bluetongue virus group was applied to detect bluetongue viral antigen . The test was specific for bluetongue viruses and did not detect the closely related epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses (EHDV) and other orbiviruses . It was easy to perform and could be established in laboratories which have simple facilities . The antigen-capture ELISA technique is an alternative method to agar gel immunodiffusion and immuno-dot blotting tests to detect bluetongue antigen in infected tissues, Vero cells, Aedes albopictus cells and BHK-21 cell cultures . Keywords : ELISA, monoclonal antibody, antigen detection, B
Serological study against transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus in several area in Indonesia
Get PDFA number of 1,168 pig and dog sera from 8 provinces in Indonesia were tested serologically for transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) antibodies using serum neutralisation test to detect the prevalence of TGE in Indonesia. The sera were obtained from serum bank at Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Bogor. All sera collected before 1995 were negative antibody to TGE. However, sera collected from 2 provinces Sumatera Utara and Sulawesi Utara in 1996 had antibodies against TGE virus (14.03%). Titration of reacted sera showed varied between titres of 8 to 128. Key words: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus, serum neutralization tes
The development of an “in vivo assay technique” as a tool for measuring protective immune responses of vaccine against myiasis in sheep
Get PDFAn “in vivo assay technique” is urgently needed for measuring protective immune effects of a myiasis vaccine in sheep. Such a technique is being developed simultaneously with the development of a vaccine against myiasis caused by the screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana under a collaborative project undertaken by Balitvet, ITB and CSIRO (Australia) and funded by ACIAR. Experiments were conducted in naive sheep. C. bezziana larvae were allowed to develop on abraded skin in aluminium rings which had been attached to the sheep by means of a glue (Aibon) on the day prior to infection. Rings were arranged on clipped areas close to the mid line of the sheep’s back, two rings on the right side and two rings on the left. Four trials were performed, involving studies on the effects of including wet sponges in the rings to maintain humidity (Trial 1); the effects of sponge and blended meat as counting and transferring media during infection (Trial 2); the effects of the repellants citronella, eucalyptus oil and neem extract in assisting the recovery of larvae (Trial 3); and the effects of the reducing the infective dose from 50 to 25 1st instar larvae/ring and using a fine brush for counting and transferring larvae instead of using a forceps as in the previous groups (Trial 4) on the larval recovery rates (LRR). The results indicated that the inclusion of wet sponges in the rings, the use of sponge and blended meat as counting and transferring media during infection, and the application of repellants all increased the LRR to some extent; however, variations among individual rings remained high. On the other hand, the reduction of infective dose of larvae from 50 to 25 1st instar larvae/ring and using a fine brush for counting and transferring larvae sharply increased the LRR while substantially decreasing the coefficient variations. Key words : Myiasis, Chrysomya bezziana, larval recovery rat
Comparative advantage and sensitivity analysis of dairy farms by development patterns in West Java
Get PDFThe study is aimed at analyzing feasibility of the dairy farm on several development scheme. Domestic resource cost (DRC) analysis is used to understand problems in dairy farms. The study was carried out during August to December 1994 in Bandung and Bogor regencies of West Java . The result of this study indicates that the milk production produced by credit pattern, recommendation pattern and farm group pattern namely, 3,800 liter/ut/year, 4,422 liter/ut/year and 4,270 liter/ut/year, respectively, and also the international market price is Rp. 375/liter tend to be efficient. This phenomena is characterized by coefficient of DRC 1 .0 . Nevertheless, in term of dairy farm development should be based on several aspects such as, economics of scale and scheme of dairy farm. Moreover, farm group pattern (PPK) is more relatively efficient than the others. Keyword : Domestic resource cost (DRC), credit pattern, recommendation pattern, group patter
The effect of feeding gliricidia on reproductive and productive performances of Javanese Fat-tailed sheep
Get PDFThe effect of feeding gliricidia on reproductive and productive performances of Javanese Fat-tailed (JFT) sheep was studied.Thirty-two 1FT ewe lambs (ahmtt 4-5 months of age and liveweight of 12-14 kg) were randomly divided into four treatment groups . They were given free access of King grass (Pennisetttnt putrtoreophoides) dan gliricidia (Gliricidia sepiwn, Jaeq) leaf with ratio 100:0% (Group A= control), 75 :25% (Group B), 50 :50% (Group C), and 0:100% (Group D) . All groups were suplemented with concentrate (GT03, Indofeed) at 1008/head/day. Forages were given 2 .5-3% (dry-matter) of liveweight . Results showed that feeding gliricidia 25-100% of the total forages increased dry matter intake by 5.3-19 .9% and crude protein 39 .3-142 .1 % . But NDF consumption decreased 36 .9-8 .4%. Higher nutrient intake was reflected into an increase in growth-rate which associated with an increase inovulation rate (16.7-116 .7%) and pregnancy rate. "Ova wastage" decreased markedly (33.4-50.3%) in the groups given gliricidia 50-100%, though coumarine (anti-nutrient) consumption increased to 40 .78/head/day . Lanths from the gliricidia supplemented groups grew faster and had heavier weaning weights than those of control group . It was rmu luded that feeding gliricidia up to 1(10% as forages and concentrate GT03 at 100g/head/day gave positive effect on growth-rate, relinxluclive and productive erformauces in the first breeding of JFT sheep
Protective antibody titre against Newcastle disease in ostriches (Struthio camelus)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to define an estimated antibody titre which was considered to be protective against Newcastle disease (ND) virus infection in ostriches. Eighteen young ostriches of 4 days of age were divided into two groups each containing 9 birds. The first group was unvaccinated and the second group was vaccinated against ND virus twice at 4 and 14 days of age. Antibody titres were monitored at 1, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 85 days of age by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. All birds were then challenged with a velogenic strain of ND virus, Ita strain, at 42 days of age. The excretion of the challenge virus were monitored daily after challenge up to the end of this experiment. Several organs such as brain, trachea, lungs and spleen were collected from died birds for re-isolation of the challenged virus. Results indicated that all unvaccinated birds succumbed to the challenged virus, except one bird that survived challenged. In contrast to the unvaccinated birds, all vaccinated birds survived challenged, except two birds with low antibody titres succumbed challenged. All birds with antibody titres of 4 (HI-log2) or greater survived challenged. All challenged birds excreted the challenged virus through out their oropharyngs. Moreover, challenged virus can be successfully re-isolated from most organs of the died birds. This study concludes that : (a) the estimated protective titre against ND in ostriches is 4 (HI-log2), (b) the immune status for ostrich with antibody titre less the 4 (HI-log2) could not be defined, and (c) vaccination against Newcastle disease in ostriches could successfully prevent birds from sick and died of ND, but unable to prevent virus infection and unable to stop carrier status after infection. Key words : Newcastle disease, ostrich, antibody, protective titr
The use of filter paper as a transport device for serology of Pasteurella multocida infection : Analysis and comparison ofprotein composition of filter paper extract and serum
Get PDFTwo methods for collecting blood specimens for measuring antibody to Pasteurella multocida were compared. Blood was collected on filter-paper strips, air-dried and stored at 4°C along with paired samples collected by venepumeture . Analysis using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the protein composition of filter paper extract and serum was similar. Both samples had common proteins of 67, 52-58 and 27 kDa. However, there are two proteins bands of 14 and 30 kDa that were only found in, filter-paper extract. Westernblot analysis also showed that samples from both sampling techniques reacted to P. multocida proteins of 43 kDa. Samples from experimental and field animals were also collected by the two techniques and assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for P. multocida antibodies . The agreement between samples from experimental animals and the field using ELISA was analyzed . Samples from experimental animals, showed a very high correlation (r = 0.931) in ELISA results among samples collected by the two techniques. However, the correlation was lower (r = 0.799) in samples collected from the field. Cost analysis showed that filter-paper collection technique was 100 times more economical compared to venepuncture technique. It was concluded that eluates of whole blood dried on filter paper can be used as an alternative to sera in ELISA for measuring antibodies to P. multocida. Key words : Pasteurella multocida, serological tests, filter pape
Technique for preparation of anaerobic microbes: Rodshaped cellulolytic bacteria
Get PDFPreparation of anaerobic-rod cellulolytic bacteria with coating technique has been conducted. Steps of the processes involved were cultivation, coating, evaporation, and drying. Coating agent used was Gum Arabic, and drying techniquesconducted were freeze drying and sun drying. pH of culture media was firstly optimized to obtain the maximal population ofbacteria. Both coated and uncoated preparates were subjected to drying. Morphological and Gram type identifications showed that uncoated preparate dried with freeze drying is not contaminated (ie. all bacteria are rod shape with Gram-negative type) while the one dried with sun drying is not morphologically pure (ie. containing of both rod and coccus shapes with Gram negative and positive). The coated preparates dried by both freeze and sun drying, were not contaminated (ie. all are rods with Gram-negative). The coating and drying processes decreased viability of preparates significantly. However, the decreasing of viability of coated preparate are lower than uncoated preparate (ie. 89 vs. 97%). Total count of bacteria in sun-drying coated preparate are higher (P0.05) than the uncoated preparate (ie. 3.38 x 1010 vs. 1.97 x 1010 colony/g DM). Activity of sun-drying coated preparate to digest elephant grass and rice straw was higher (P0.01) than the sun-drying uncoated preparate with the in vitro DMD values were 42.7 vs. 35.5% for elephant grass substrate and 29.3 vs. 24.6% for rice straw substrate. Therefore, it is concluded that coating technique has a positive effects on the preparation of rumen bacteria. Key words : Anaerobic bacteria, coating, dryin
Effect of Bacillus apiarius or Torulaspora delbrueckii on performance of broiler chicken
Get PDFAn experiment had been conducted to determine the effect of B. apiarius and T. delbrueckii, isolated from chicken gut, supplementation on the broiler performance. Evaluation was conducted by comparing performance of broiler chicken: (I) negative control/basal diet without antibiotic growth promotor (GPA), (II) positive control/basal diet with GPA, zinc-bacitracin, (III) basal diet + B. apiarius 5 ml/l in drinking water daily, (IV) basal diet + T. delbrueckii 5 ml/l in drinking water daily, (V) basal diet + B. apiarius 5 ml/l in drinking, daily during the first week, and there after given twice weekly, (VI) basal diet + T. delbrueckii 5 ml/l in drinking, daily during the first week, and there after given twice weekly and (VII) reference control, basal diet + commercial probiotic 5 ml/l in drinking, daily during the first week, and there after given twice weekly. Thirty two DOC broilers were used for each treatment, divided into 4 replicates (8 birds/replicate) and raised in wire cages for 5 weeks. Feed and water were given ad lib., body weight, FCR (feed conversion ratio) and mortality were recorded. The results showed that the performance of the birds supplemented daily (III) or twice weekly (V) with B. apiarius are similar to positive control (II) or reference control (VII) and significantly (P0.05) better than the negative control (I). Performance of the birds supplemented daily with T. delbrueckii (IV) are similar to positive control (II) or reference control (VII) and significantly (P0.05) better than the negative control (I). However, when given only twice weekly (VI), their bodyweight gain was significantly (P0.05) lower than treatment II, III, IV and VII, but similar to treatment I. Its FCR value was similar to the other treatments. Mortality was low, an average of 1.3/32 birds, during the trial period and there were no differences between all treatments. It is concluded that both B. apiarius and T. delbrueckii could be utilized as probiotic candidates, replacing the GPA function. However, B. apiarius is better potential as probiotic candidate compare to T. delbrueckii. Key words: Bacillus apiarius, Torulaspora delbrueckii, probiotic, GPA, broile
Strategic study on energy-protein requirements for local sheep : 1 . Growing phase
Get PDFFourty, thin-tail lambs (mean BW 13 .8 ± 1 .1 kg) were used in an experiment to measure energy and protein requirements. Lambs were divided into four dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design in which the factors were sex (male vs female), energy levels (high vs low) and crude protein (high vs low) . Metabol izable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) requirements were measured by regression technique, using data collected during the experiment . Results showed that combination of low protein and high energy diet gave the highest response, i.e . 112 g daily gain with better feed convertion, i .e . 5 .4 . Equation models developed to predict ME and CP requirements were EM (MJ/head) = -11 .9266 - 0 .6487 BW °." (kg) + 38 .48 ADG (kg) + 4 .6887 log ME/CP (J/g) and CP (kg/head) = 8 .14766 - 0.10642 BW "5 (kA+ 6 .05777 ADG (kg) - 1 .39541 log ME/CP (J/g) . Predicted ME and CP requirement, for maintenance were 482 kJ/kg BW 0.75 and 5 .14g/kg BW 5 respectively . Key words: Energy, crude protein, sheep, growing phas