Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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The application of feeding standard on weaned exotic pigs productivity
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of feeding standard on performances of weaned pigs . The experiment used 24 weaned exotic pigs aged 6 weeks averaged body weight 10 .7 kg for 14 weeks observation. Three different diets i .e . farmers formula (R), commercial diet (K) and standard diet according to NRC recommendation (S) were evaluated . The results showed that S diet on pigs produced better growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion, cost and profit than other diets and K diet produced better feed conversion than R diet. Carry over effect of the treatments on the growth rate, feed conversion, cost and profit showed that pigs received S diet performed better than those received other diets . But,R diet gave the lowest cost and higher profit than Kdiet. These results concluded that S diet produced the best performance and profitable and produced carry over effect on pigs performances and can be recommended to farmers . Keywords : Feeding standard, exotic pi
Evaluation of nutritive value of palm kernel cake fermented with molds as source of protein in ruminant
No full textThe objective of the research was to improve the nutritive value of PKC through fermentation and to evaluate its degradation characteristics in the rumen and post rumen digestibility as a protein feed source for ruminants. PKC was fermented using Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viridae and Aspergillus oryzae. To evaluate the in sacco rumen degradability, 2 rumen fistulated females Fries Holstein 3.5 years old were used. Samples were incubated in the rumen for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Determination of dry matter (DM) degradation characteristics value and crude protein (CP) in the rumen was calculated based on formula y = a + b (1 - e-ct). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with four replicates. The results showed that fermentation increased protein content of the PKC by 79.21% with the highest increase from fermentation using Aspergillus oryzae (88.34%). DM and CP degradability in the rumen and post rumen of fermented PKC was affected by type of mold used for fermentation. Fermentation increased the amount of water soluble DM (a) of fermented PKC with average of 46.7%, but the value of insoluble but degradable fraction in the rumen (b) was decreased. Fermentation by molds resulited in the reduction of fraction of insoluble CP but degradable (b) in the rumen by 50.42%. PKC fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the higest CP degradability in the rumen and post rumen. It can be concluded that PKC has a high content of degradable CP in the rumen even without fermentation. Protein source from PKC fermented using Aspergillus oryzae categorized as the best source of feed protein in terms of increasing CP content and digestibility. Key Words: Palm Kernel Cake, Fermentation, Protein, Digestibilit
Productive and reproductive performances of young Ettawah-cross does
Get PDFProductive and reproductive performances of 85 heads of Ettawah-cross (Peranakan Ettawah or PE) does at first breeding were studied at the Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor . They were fed freshly-chopped King grass (Pennisetum put7xtreophoides) and corn-husk (2 :1) ad libitum and concentrate feed was given at a rate of 300 - 400 g/head/day . During the last month of the pregnancy and lactation period the amount of concentrate feed was increased to 500 - 700 g/head/day . Sixty-five does were in pre-pubertal stage and 86 .2% reached puberty at liveweights between 16 - 21 .8 kg (mean 18 .8 t 0 .4 kg) which is about 60% of mature liveweight . Oestrus without ovulation was found in 6% of the animals which has contributed on the relatively low conception rate (64 .7%) . A high pre-weaning mortality of kids born (37 .5 %) caused production inefficiency that suggests the challenge to improve management practices . Milk yield of PE does varied widely (0 .3 - 0 .8 kg/day), hence, there is a chance for improvement towards increasing milk production in Indonesia through well planned selection program
Studies on the transmission of malignant catarrhal fever in experimental animals: A serial infection of cattle and buffalo by means of whole blood inoculation
Get PDFMalignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease especially affecting cattle and buffaloes. A study on the serial blood transmission of MCF was conducted by injecting whole blood of MCF animals into 9 experimental animals. Diagnosis of MCF was based on the clinico-pathological fmdings and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The disease has successfully, been achieved in six animals of three Bali cattle and three buffaloes but not in a Bali-cross breed and two Bos indicus (Ongole) cattle. Wide range of clinical signs and gross-pathological features were observed. The study showed the degree of susceptibility of experimental animals: Bali cattle and buffalo were highly susceptible (3 out of 3 affected with MCF), Bali-cross breed and Bos indicus (Ongole) cattle seemed not susceptible to whole blood experimental transmission. It shows that when Bali cattle acted as inoculum donor, buffalo tended to be clinically more severe than Bali cattle. On the other hand, when buffalo acted as inoculum donor, Bali cattle suffered from MCF more severe than buffalo. The diagnosis of MCF by histopathological examination and the PCR test bad positive correlation (100%) in the first experiment, while in the second experiment the PCR test tends to be more sensitive. Based on the restriction endonuclease (RE) test, the MCF causal agent in this study appeared to be genetically similar in each case. It is concluded that the serial experimental transmission of MCF by means of whole blood inoculation has been successfully achieved in Bali cattle and buffalo but not in Bali-cross breed and Ongole cattle, and there is a positive correlation between the PCR test and histopathological examination with the PCR test tends to be more sensitive. Key words: MCF, serial transmission, blood, cattle, buffalo, Indonesi
Growth rate of sheep fed high fat ration
Get PDFIncorporating high amount of fats into the ration for ruminants will affect the rumen microbes adversely and will reducefiber digestion potential. To correct such negative effects, the free fatty acids used for feed should be bond with Ca++, so it canpassing through the rumen savely (rumen by-pass fat). To test the Ca-fat utilization biologically, 20 growing male Garut shee pwere used and fed with 4 type of isocaloric-isoprotein concentrate feed which were allotted based on a randomized block desig nwith 5 replications. The concentrate (C)-A was a positive control diet, while C-B was substituted with 10% free fatty acids (negative control), C-C was substituted with 10% Ca-fat, and C-D with 15% Ca-fat. The concentrate feed was fed at 500 g/d, while forage (King grass) was 4 kg/d. Results of the experiment showed that the negative effect of free fatty acids can be corrected if it was given in the form of Ca-fat. Growth rate curve indicating a good growing pattern, with average daily gain was 100.18, 87.68, 112.86, and 115.00 g/d (P0.05) for C-A, C-B, C-C, and C-D treatments, respectively. Total dry matter intake for the respective 4 treatments were 875.9, 855.2, 866.7, and 847.4 g/d (P0.05). Carcass production was relatively good, where for C-A, C-B, C-C, and C-D were 14.84, 14.68, 16.34, and 15.72 kg (P0.05) respectively, with final live weights of 34.00, 31.74, 34.58, and 34.30 kg (P0.05). It can be concluded that Ca-fat (rumen by-pass fat) can be used as an energy source component for growing sheep diet, and give the best result at 10% substitution rate in concentrate feed. Key words : Rumen by-pass fat, growth rate, carcass, shee
The isolation of Gurnbiro virus from larvae and darkling Ivelles (Carcinops pumilin)
No full textGumboro (infectious bursal disease, IBD) virus was isolated from darkling beetles (Carrinaps pumilin) and their larvae in a commercial pulletchicken farm with repeated outbreaks incidence of Gumboro disease in Tangertng, West Java. In addition, these over populated beetles and their larvae were suspected to be infected and then shed the virus or acted as vectors. Isolation was done by repeated passages of virus using chicken embryo fibroblast cells as prime media, which then showed the evidence of cylop: ihic effecis. The isolation was followed by antigen detection by means of ELISA test. Key words: Gumboro disease, infectious bursal disease, darkling beetle, Carcinops punulin
Strategic study on energy-protein requirements for local sheep: 4. Ewes during late pregnancy
Get PDFThirty-six Javanese thin-tail ewes were set out to study the energy and crude protein requirements for the last eight-week of pregnancy. The ewes were randomlly assigned to a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement and offered nine diets comprising three levels of energy (low, medium and high) and three levels of crude protein (low, medium and high) with four ewes per treatment. The diets were pelleted and offered four times daily at approximately in the same amount. Results showed that, despite a difference of energy concentration in the diets, dry matter intake was not significantly (P0.05) affected, but crude protein concentration was (P0.05). Energy concentration in the diet also had no effect (P0.05) on protein intake. However, protein concentration in the diets significantly affected on protein intake and protein excreted in the feces. Moreover, an interaction between energy and protein levels was not detected on energy and nitrogen availability utilization. This study demonstrated that a high efficiency on nitrogen utilization could be achieved on low crude protein diets. It was also found that crude protein and energy requirements for maintanance during pregnancy phase were 0.67 g/kg BW0.75 and 0.425 MJ EM/kg BW0.75 respectively. Key words: Protein-energy requirement, pregnancy phase, ewes
Improvement of native grassland by legumes introduction and tillage techniques
Get PDFImprovement of native grassland by legumes introduction and tillage techniques Improvement of native grassland by legumes introduction and tillage techniques A factorial design using three species of legumes (Siratro, Centro and Stylo) and three different of tillage techniques (no-tillage, minimum tillage and total tillage) was applied in this experiment. The results showed that there was no interaction between species and tillage techniques. There was significant reductions on bulk density from 1.23±0.03 g/cm3 (no-tillage) to 1.07±0.02 g/cm3 (minimum tillage) and 1.05±0.03 g/cm3 (total tillage). Also reductions on penetration resistance from 17.47±3.84 kg/cm2 (no-tillage) to 3.31±0.43 kg/cm2 (minimum tillage) and 3.19±0.45 kg/cm2 (total tillage). Otherwise significant increasing on aeration porosity from 12.80±0.80% vol. (no-tillage) to 21.70±0.95% vol. (minimum tillage) and 20.70±0.35% vol. (total tillage). Total tillage gives increased dry matter yield. Also both total tillage and minimum tillage give yields with a higher percentage of legumes compared with no-tillage. It was concluded that total tillage and minimum tillage could be used for improving native grassland. Key words : Improvement, native grassland, legumes, tillage technique
Immunohistochemical study of Ito cells of spontaneous cholangiohepatitis in broiler chickens
Get PDFThe function of Ito cells is expanding from a fat-storing site to a center of extracellular matrix metabolism and mediator production in the liver. Immunohistochemical reactivities of Ito cells were examined in eight livers of broiler chickens affected with spontaneous cholangiohepatitis and six chicken livers with malformation of extrahepatic biliary tracts. The livers in both groups revealed severe diffuse fibrosis. Ito cells expressing HHF35 muscle actin and desmin actively proliferated in the fibrotic foci of the all livers. The immunoreactivities of Ito cells to antibodies were enhanced compared with those in normal livers. There were no immunohistochemical differences between the Ito cells of two groups. From these findings, it was suggested that Ito cells actively proliferate and show enhanced immunoreactivities in the livers affected with cholangiohepatitis and malformation of extrahepatic biliary tracts.Key words: Cholangiohepatitis, immunohistochemistry, ito cell. broiler chicke
Reproductive performance of small ruminants in an outreach pilot project in West Java
Get PDFReproductive performance of small ruminants was evaluated in an on-farm multidisciplinary research project, known as the outreach pilot project (OPP), involving village farms in West Java, Indonesia . Strategies to increase production of small ruminants were implemented in this project . Data from three consecutive years (1986-87, 1987-1988 and 1988-1989) showed no significant increase in flock size . Average number of ewes per farm per month (EA) was 4 .1 . Although on average, larger farms had lower flock performance, a few individual farms with large flocks performed outstandingly in both reproduction and production . Twenty-eight percent of the farms had averaged 10 month lambing intervals (LI) with a potential of 3 lambings every 2 years (8 months interval) . Most of the differences between years were mainly due to changes in farm average litter size (FLS) (P0.05) and changes in lamb mortality (%M) (P0.05) : from 1 .33 and 20.5% to 1 .57 and 10 .4% ; for averages of FLS and %M between years 1986-87 and 1987-89, respectively. These changes were reflected in an increase in the number of lambs weaned per year per ewe available (LWEA) from 1 .19 in year 1 to 1 .60 in years 2 and 3, and were assumed to be promoted by the on-farm research program . Farms with large FLS in spite of higher %M, contributed a net improvement in LWEA and kilograms of lambs weaned. A different range of 3 .9-4 .5 kg of lambs weaned was found between the top 4 and the bottom 6 farms for FLS (averaging 2 .09 and 1 .19, respectively, for FLS) . Litter sizes 2 and 3 contributed substantial improvement in ewe productivity, weaning 18 and 23 kg of lambs, respectively