Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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The use of blood protein polymorphism to estimate genetic distance among populations of Indonesian native sheep, St. Croix and Merino
Get PDFThe genetic distance among populations of Indonesia native sheep (Ciamis, Garut, Sumatera and Garahan), St. Croix and Merino were estimated to investigate the genetic relationship among those breeds. Blood protein polymorphism of transferin (Tf), post-transferin (PTf), albumin (Alb), post-albumin (PAlb) were detected from blood plasma, while haemoglobine (Hb) was detected from erythrocyte using Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). Results of PAGE showed that Tf was controlled by 6 alleles, while Alb by 4 alleles, PTf by 3 Alleles and PAlb and Hb by 2 alleles. Value of breeding coefficient within individual subpopulations (FIS) for Tf (-0,0014), Alb (-0,0046) and Hb (0,0256) were not significantly different by noel. These results show that data of gene frequency are still following Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and inbreeding inside the sub population did not occur. The closest distance among the native breeds is the subpopulations of Ciamis and Garut due to neighboring area and similar traits of Thin Tail Sheep. The genetic distance of both population to Sumatera Thin Tail Sheep and Garahan Fat Tail are quite far. In addition to that results all Indonesian native breed were distinctly different from St. Croix and Merino. Key words: Indonesian native sheep, St. Croix, Merino, blood protein polymorphism, genetic distance
The susceptibility differences of buffalo and Ongole calves against trickle infection with Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFA pen trial was carried out in order to determine the susceptibility differences of a trickle infection with Fasciola gigantica in buffalo and Ongole calves. Treated animals were infected orally with 15 metacercariae of F. gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks and were slaughtered at 36 weeks. The results showed that buffalo calves had significantly lower fluke burdens than Ongole calves (P0 .01) . All of the infected Ongole calves had fasciola eggs in their faeces 18 weeks after the commencement of infection. In contrast, eggs were detected only in 3 out of 7 infected buffalo calves at week 20, in 4 at week 28 and in 6 at week 30. Faeces of the seventh buffalo remained free of eggs until week 36. Rates of growth were reduced by 25%and 10,3% in infected Ongole and buffalo calves respectively . Circulating blood eosinophilia ofboth hosts, ahallmark of helminth infections, increased following infection, but values in buffaloes was greater than Ongole calves mainly in week 4 and 8 after infection (P0.01). These results might be concluded that the susceptibility of buffalo calves to trickle infection with F. gigantica was lower compared to Ongole calves. Keywords : Fasciola gigantica; susceptibility, buffalo calves, Ongole calve
In vitro studies: The role of immunological cells in Indonesian thin tail sheep in the killing of the liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFPrevious studies have shown that Indonesian Thin Tail (ET) sheep exhibit high resistance to challenge with Fasciola gigantica when compared with Merino sheep, and this resistance is expressed in early infection. In order to study the role of the immune system in this resistance to ET sheep, in vitro studies were undertaken in the laboratory. In vitro study to confirm the ability of immune cells from ET sheep in the killing of F. gigantica larvae has been done by incubating immune cells and F. gigantica larvae together with immune sera or normal sera. The viability of the larvae was observed over a period 3 days incubation by observing their motility. The results showed that the cells isolated from F. gigantica- challenged ET sheep in the presence of immune sera from ET were able to kill 70% of the larvae. In contrast, cells from infected Merino were unable to kill a significant number of F. gigantica using the same sera source. It seems that the cytotoxicity was dependent on the presence of immune sera and ET peritoneal cells, suggesting the potential role of an antibody-dependent cell cytotoxic (ADCC) mechanism in the resistant ET sheep.Key words: In vitro, Fasciola gigantica, peritoneal cell, sheep gigantica
IBR vaccination program evaluation in Bali cattle using inactive vaccine BHV-1 field isolate with serum netralization test in laboratorium scale
Get PDFInacctive vaccine has been reported to have some effects on experimental infection using BHV-1 virus. this study was carried out to evaluate the effectivity of inactive BALITVET BHV-1 vaccine in Bali cattle by means of serological test in laboratorium scale. Thirty Bali cattle were divided into four treatment groups. Group I (8 animals) was a control group which didn’t receive any vaccination. Group II (10 animals) was vaccinated once. Group III (9 animals) was vaccinated twice for period of one month and Group IV (3 animals) was cattle which have had clinical pathogenicity test for BHV-1 one year ago. Challenge test was done 1 month after last vaccination with field virus at dose 5 x 108 TCID50. Four animals in control group, 5 animals in group II, 5 animals in group III and 3 animals in group IV were challenged and then all animals were mixed in one big pen. BHV-1 antibody titre evaluation was done by serum netralization test. The results of the study revealed that the cattle mixed together with infected cattle which had clinical signs, showed no significant infection in clinical signs and blood BHV-1 antibody titre. Meanwhile, experimental cattle infected with 5 x 10 8 TCID50 BHV-1 field isolate (i.v.) showed IBR clinical signs. BHV-1 antibody titre were increased 45 days after challenge. Cattle vaccinated 30 days before and challenged with field isolate could defend from the disease (revealed by no clinical signs) show significant BHV-1 antibody titre and have fluctuated titre between vaccinated once and twice. However, cattle vaccinated and mixed with infected cattle, showed no IBR clinical signs and had significant BHV-1antibody titre with different fluctuations. Cattle vaccinated twice, could maintain its high BHV- 1antibody titre as long as 120 days post vaccination compared with cattle vaccinated once with low titre until 120 days post vaccination. Cattle which had patogenicity test one year ago and showed clinical signs, still had high BHV-1 antibody titre after challenge test with dose 5 x 108 TCID50. However the titre were decreasing at 120 day post challenge and the titre were not as high as the cattle received twice vaccination. It can be concluded that IBR vaccination by using field isolate is good in booster method. Key words: Vaccine evaluation, inactive vaccine, BHV-1, Bali cattl
Productivity of prolific sheep : Economic analysis
Get PDFThe existence of major gene in the Indonesian sheep breeds has been revealed in three different genotypes which are further implied that different levels of feeding and management are necessary to realize the potential benefits for each genotype . The variability in the ewe production as a result of the differences in genotype and management levels were then evaluated by economic analysis . The result shows that improvement in management practices resulted in an increase of production ofindividual breeding ewe (BS). However, since these increases in performance required additional cost for higher input value, as it was indicated in the total production cost, attention must be given toward the decision as to which genotype to raise at what level of feeding management . This study has shown promising results to facilitate the decision makers in that direction, for example, ewes with FecJFFecJ` genotype gained the highest gross margin when they were treated with high level of feeding management. The next best alternative was followed by FecJ FFecJ F genotype. Furthermore, in the situation where low level of feeding management being practiced, ewes carrying the FecJF gene did not show their superiority since they gained lower gross margin compared with the non-carrier ewes. Key words : Prolific sheep, gross margi
The resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates from Alabio duck against several antibiotics
Get PDFA total of 172 isolates of Salmonella spp. consisted of S. typhimurium (70), S. Radar (52), S. senftenberg (25), S. Virchow (14), and S. amsterdam (11) from Alabio duck hatcheries in the District of Hulu Sungai Utara, South Kalimantan, were examined their resistencies against seven kinds of antibiotics, consisted of chloramphenicol, neomycin, trimethoprim, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and polymixin B, by using agar disc diffusion method. The results showed that 70 isolates of S. typhimurium were resistant against six kinds of antibiotics with various percentages, that is chlorampenicol 5 .7%, neomycin 12 .8%, trimethoprim 7.1 %, streptomycin 8 .6%, tetracycline 11 .4%, and the highest against ampicillin 30 %. Ofthe 52 S. hadar isolates showed that all ofthem were resistent against 6 kinds of antibiotics, that is chloramphenicol 1 .9%, neomycin 7.7%, trimethoprim 5.8%, streptomycin 48 .0%, tetracycline 48.0%, and polymixin B 3.8%. Futhermore S. senftenberg (25 isolates) were resistent against three kinds of antibiotics, that is neomycin 12%, streptomycin 20%, and tetracyclines 16%. Meanwhile S. virchow (14 isolates), were resistant against two kinds of antibiotics namely streptomycin 7.1% and tetracylines 14.3%. Whereas S. amsterdam (11 isolates) were resistant against four kinds of antibiotics, that is neomycin 45 .5%, streptomycin 18 .2%, tetracycline 18 .2%, and ampicillin 9.10%. Key words: Resistance, Salmonella spp., Alabio ducks, antibiotic
Haemophilus paragallinarum in chickens in Indonesia: III. Antimicrobial drug sensitivity test ofHaemophilus paragallinarum from chickens suffering of coryza
Get PDFAn agar disc diffusion method was used to examine the sensitivity of 27 Haemophilus paragallinarum (Hpg) isolates consisted of 23 local isolates, 4 standard isolates (serotype A) and Escherichia coli ATCC 24922 as a control to eight antimicrobial drugs (ampicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, neomycin, streptomycin, colistine and sulphanlethoxazole-trimethoprim) . Twenty one out of 23 local isolates of Hpg were sensitive to doxycycline, 19 isolates to ampsllin, 18 isolates to oxytetracycline, 17 isolates to sulphametoxazole-trimethoprim, 16 isolates to erythromycin, and 13 isolates to neomycin, while 13 isolates were resistance to colistine and 11 isolates were also resistance to streptomycin . Keywords : Haemophilus paragallinarum, chicken, coryza, sensitivity test, antimicrobial dru
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cytotoxins on size, granularity and viability of porcine neutrophils
Get PDFCytotoxins produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are supposed to play major roles in bacterial pathogenicity and virulence. To gain better understanding in the mechanism of the pathogenicity, cytotoxic activities of the toxins on porcine neutrophils were investigated in vitro. Changes in cell size, granularity and viability were examined with a flow cytometer. Cell size and granularity correlate with forward light scatter and right angle light scatter, respectively; whereas, cell viability corresponds with fluorescent intensity of cells stained with propidium iodide . At low concentrations (dilutions between 1/10 and 1/100 of bacterial culture supernatants), the cytotoxins induced severe swelling and degranulation of neutrophils; whereas, at higher concentrations (dilutions of 51/10 bacterial culture supernatants), the cytotoxins caused rapid cell death. There was no significant difference in cytotoxic activities of Cyooxins derived from various serotypes (serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 ) of A. pleuropneumoniae . Morphologically, the cytotoxin-treated neutrophils stained with Giemsa showed profound changes. Neutrophils treated with low dosages of Cyooxins became swollen with spherical nuclei . Higher concentration of cytotoxins study indicates strongly that important mechanism in the caused vactiolation of cytoplasts, enlargement or disintegration of nuclei . This in vitro intoxication of neutrophils by cytotoxins produced by A. pleuropneumoniae comprises anpathogenicity of the bacteria. Key words : Actitiobacilluspleuropneumoniae, cytotoxin, neutrophils, pig, flow cytometr
Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 1. Dried palm oil sludge and its fermented product in broiler’s diet
Get PDFPalm oil sludge a by product of palm oil industry is not commonly used in poultry feed due to some limiting factors such as low protein and amino acids content and high fiber content. These limiting factors were expected to be reduced by fermentation technology. Therefore an experiment was conducted to study the use of fermented (FLS) and non-fermented palm oil sludge (LS) for broiler chicken feed. Two hundred and ten day-old broiler chicks were used for this study. The birds were allocated into 35 cages with 6 birds in each cage. Each 5 group of birds were fed with one of 7 experimental diets. All diets were formulated with similar nutrient contents containing either LS or FLS at 3 different levels (5, 10 and 15%) and a control diet with no LS or FLS. The experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks and the performances were observed. Carcass yield, abdominal fat, weight of liver and gizzard were also measured at the end of the trial. The results showed that LS or FLS can be included in broiler’s diet, since the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver and gizzard were not significantly affected. Best level inclusion of LS was 5%. Although inclusion of 10-15% LS did not affect growth and feed conversion significantly, the feed intake was significantly depressed. The best level inclusion of FLS was 10%, since higher level (15%) caused growth depression. Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, broiler
Polymorphism of Calpastatin gene and its effect on body weight of local sheeps
Get PDFThe objectives of this research were to identify polymorphism of calpastatin gene and to investigate any association of calpastatin genotype on body weight of local sheeps. A total number of DNA samples were collected from 288 heads of local sheeps from 8 populations. Two local sheep samples were medium tail sheeps (MTSs) of a Garut fighting type from Ciomas/Bogor (29) and a Garut meat type from Margawati (29). The remaining six local sheep population were one thin tail sheep (TTS) from Jonggol (36); and five fat tail (FTSs) from Indramayu (43), Madura (43), Sumbawa (26), Rote (36) and Donggala (46) respectively. Genomic DNAs of those blood of local sheeps were extracted by a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR reaction was carried out in a thermocycler (Takara PCR of Thermal Cycler MP4) and PCR products were digested with Msp 1 enzyme restriction using a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. The PCR-RFLP products were separated at 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A silver-staining method then was applied to detect fragments. Genetic variations between local sheep populations were calculated based on frequencies of genotypes and alelles. The association between genotype of calpastatin gene and body weight of local sheeps were calculated by General Linear Model method by SAS version 6.12. A length of 622 base pairs (bp) of the calpastatin gene of the Indonesian local sheeps was successfully amplified by the PCR technique. An MspI restriction enzyme cut the PCR product into two different length fragments, those were 336 bp and 286 bp designated as M allele of the CAST-Msp1; whilst that unsuccessfully cut PCR product resulted one fragment 622 bp designated as N allele of the CAST-Msp1. Locus of the CAST-Msp1 gene in most local sheeps studied was polymorphic, the exception was in the FTS from Rote of which monomorphic. The highest frequency of the M allele was in the fighting Garut sheep from Ciomas (0.29), whilst the lowest was in the FTS from Rote (0.00). However, frequencies of the M allele of FTSs from Sumbawa and Madura were similar (0.04). Further, frequencies of the M allele of local sheeps from Margawati, Jonggol, Indramayu, and Donggala were 0.24, 0.16, 0.13 and 0.12 respectively. The highest frequency of MN genotype was observed in the Garut fighting sheep from Ciomas (0.58), but the lowest was in the FTS from Rote (0.00). The heterosigosity was observed differently among populations. The highest heterosigosity was also identified in the Garut fighting sheep in Ciomas (0.43), whilst FTSs both in Sumbawa and Madura were for the lowest (0.08). Results of this study showed that there was a definit association betwen calpastatin genotype and body weight of male sheeps from which the MN genotype significantly related to a higher body weight compared to that of the NN genotype. Key Words : Local Sheeps, Calpastatin Gene, Polymorphism, Live Weigh