Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Immunological responses of sheep against adult worm extract antigen of Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFImmunological responses of sheep against adult worm extract antigen of Fasciola gigantica were evaluated in an effort to identify the protein antigen for the candidate of vaccine. In this study the protein antigen from adult worms was extracted, and the extract antigen was then intramuscularly injected into 4 groups of 5 sheep. Two groups received one injection, these included one group injected only with extract antigen and the other group injected with extract antigen emulsified in Quil A adjuvant. The other two groups received two injections with a two week interval, these included one group injected only with extract antigen and the other group injected with extract antigen emulsified in Quil A adjuvant. Three weeks later all of the sheep were challenged with 300 metacercariae of F. gigantica. The antibody titer was monitored every two weeks by using ELISA and the protein profile from each group was compared by using western blotting. Fifteen weeks after challenged all of the sheep were killed and the liver flukes were collected from the liver and counted. The results showed that the antibody titer was higher in the group which received two injections, and the additional of Quil A adjuvant gave much better protection from the infection of F. gigantica (57%) and could avoid the death of the sheep than twice injection of antigen without Quil A adjuvant (37%). Key words : Fasciolosis, Fasciola gigantica, protein antigen, antibody responses, vaccin
Isolation and characterization of virus of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype of chicken from outbreaks in Indonesia
Get PDFA study on the isolation and characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza of chicken from outbreaks in Indonesia was conducted at Indonesian Research Institute for Veterinary Science. Outbreaks of avian disease had been reported in Indonesia since August 2003 affecting commercial layer, broiler, quail, and ostrich and also native chicken with showing clinical signs such as cyanosis of wattle and comb, nasal discharges and hypersalivation, subcutaneous ptechiae on foot and leg, diarre and sudden high mortality. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize the causal agent of the disease. Samples of serum, feather follicle, tracheal swab, as well as organs of proventriculus, intestine, caecal tonsil, trachea and lungs were collected from infected animals. Serum samples were tested haemaglutination/haemaglutination inhibition to Newcastle Disease and Egg Drop Syndrome viruses. Isolation of virus of the causal agent of the outbreak was conducted from samples of feather follicle, tracheal swab, and organs using 11 days old specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated eggs. The isolated viruses were then characterised by agar gel precipitation test using swine influenza reference antisera, by haemaglutination inhibition using H1 to H15 reference antisera, and by electron microscope examination. The pathogenicity of the viruses was confirmed by intravenous pathogenicity index test and its culture in Chicken Embryo Fibroblast primary cell culture without addition of trypsin. The study revealed that the causative agent of the outbreaks of avian disease in Indonesia was avian influenza H5 subtype virus based upon serological tests, virus isolation and characterization using swine influenza reference antisera, and electron microscope examination. While subtyping of the viruses using H1 to H15 reference antisera suggested that the virus is very likely to be an avian influenza H5N1 subtype virus. The pathogenicity test confirmed that the viruses are highly pathogenic to experimental animals. It is concluded that the causative agent of the outbreaks of avian disease in Indonesia was avian influenza H5 subtype virus. The result has been the basis of further study such as development serological tests and vaccine production. The decission of Indonesian Government to conduct vaccination program using homolog vaccine in order to control the disease is regarded as the correct choice. However, it should be accompanied by conducting surveillance and monitoring of the disease as well as the possibility of mutation of virus. The program should be coordinated nationally. Key words: Virus isolation, characterization, chicken, outbreak, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), H5 subtype, Indonesi
Effects of the addition of hormone in maturation medium for in vitro production ofembryo (IVP).
Get PDFA study on the effects of hormone FSH, hCG and estrogen in maturation medium on embryo production (IVP) was conducted. Ovaries of dairy cows were obtained from slaughtered house and oocytes were collected by aspiration and slicing. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 media containing one of each hormonal treatments : 10 ug/ml FSH, 2 IU hCG, 1 ug/ml estrogen, 10 ug/ml FSH + 2 IU hCG, 10 ug/ml FSH + 1 ug/ml estrogen, and 10 ug/ml FSH + 2 IU hCG + 1 ug/ml estrogen for 24 hours. Fertilization was conducted in thyroid albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) media containing 10 ug/ml heparin for 18-24 hours and co-cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (Sof-media) using C02 incubator at 38oC. Every 48 hours the embryos were moved into fresh Sofmedia and embryo evaluation was done on day 7using a microscope . From a total of 293 oocytes studied resulted 60.4% of zygotes which develop to 9.4% young embryos ( cell numbers 16), 45.3% morulae and 5,7% blastocysts. Hormones used singly did not significantly affect the production of embryo . The highest mean percentages of fertilization wasobtained in FSH (73.3%) and the lowest in estrogen (59.6%), but the mean percentage of blastocyst was higher in estrogen . The mean percentages of young embryos, morulae and blastocysts were 4.8, 66.1, 2.4 ; 18 .8, 41 .6, 6.6 and 3 .3, 46.6, 10 .0 for FSH, hCG and estrogen, respectively . Using a combination of FSH with hCG and estrogen did not significantly increase the production of embryo . The mean percentages of fertilization, young embryo, morulae and blastocysts were 55.2, 9.3, 43.4 and 2.6 ; 51 .7, 4.8, 35.8 and 11 .1 and 56 .0, 12 .3, 42.3 and 1 .4 for FSH+hCG, FSH+estrogen and FSH+hCG+estrogen respectively . Keywords: Embryo, fertilization, hormone, in vitr
Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus niger after stored in different packing materials
Get PDFAn experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of type of packaging and time of storage on fermented palm oil sludge. The palm oil sludge was fermented with Aspergillus niger, dried, kept in differentpackaging materials (plastic bags, feed bag, and paper bag) and stored under room temperatures for 12 weeks. The experiment was assigned in a split plot design (3x7). The parameters measured were water content, crude protein, soluble nitrogen, true protein, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and true protein digestibilities (IVTPD), total in vitro digestible protein, and the activities of mannanase and cellulase. Results showed that fermented palm oil sludge stored for 12 weeks increased the water content, decreased the true protein and fiber contents, and also reduced the activity of mannanase and cellulase and in vitro dry matter digestibility but no changes on the crude protein content, protein digestibility, and total digestible protein. It was concluded that fermented palm oil sludge should be kept in feed bag under room temperature if to be stored for 12 weeks. Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, nutritive value, storag
Identification of Mardivirus Serotypes Circulating in Poultry Farms in Sukabumi and Cianjur District, West Java, 2011 using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) Approach
Get PDFThree serotypes of Mardivirus had been circulating in the farm environments, these being Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1), Gallid hepesvirus 3 (GaHV3) and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT). However, only MDV-1 poses a significant hazard to the poultry farm. The virus causes a neoplastic syndrome that inflicting severe economic loss to the affected farms. Although vaccination has successfully reduced the frequency and severity of outbreaks, the threat does not disappear since several more pathogenic strains have evolved, and these can overcome protection by vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of three Mardivirus serotypes in commercial poultry farms in Sukabumi and Cianjur district using mPCR approach for the feather samples. A low prevalence of these three serotypes was detected. However, the practice of vaccinating using live attenuated MDV-1 caused difficulty in the investigation. Differentation between virulent field strains and CVI988 vaccine strain using the 132 bp repeat motif attenuation marker within the terminal and inverted repeats flanking the unique long region generated an ambiguous result. Thus, other approaches are required to address this issue, such as selection of other markers, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), high-resolution melt curve analysis (HRM) and gene sequencing. Key Words: Mardivirus serotype, MDV-1, GaHV3, HVT, multiplex PC
Distribution of Escerichia coli serotype OIKi, 02Kt, and O7sK8o in poultry in Indonesia
Get PDFFowl colibacillosis or colisepticaemia is commonly caused by Eschercia coli serotypes OIKI, 02Kt, and O7sKgo . To understand the distribution of these three serotypes of E. coli in poultry breeding farms in Indonesia, samples were collected from surveyed areas of Jakarta, Bogor, Tengerang, Bekasi and Sukabumi, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, North Sumatera, Lampung, West Kalimantan and South Sulawesi . A total of 2,454 samples which consisted of 1,413 organs of sick birds, 398 feed, 336 drinking water and 307 litter, were collected throughout the surveyed areas . The specimens were then examined bacteriologically toward the presence of E. coli . As many as 950 E. coli isolates consisting of 85 (9 .0%) OIKI ; 489 (51 .5%) 02KI ; 101 (10.6%) 078K8o, and 275 (28.9%) of other serotypes were isolated from the samples
Anthrax retrospective analysis in endemic areas using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Get PDFAbout the end of 1995, an infectious disease among buffaloes as well as human beings was reported to occur in the District of Ngada, East Nusatenggara . Specimens of death animals, namely a piece of bones, hide, soil samples as well as blood and exudate smears and sera of the local inhabitants were submitted to Balitvet, Bogor laboratory for diagnosis . Bacteriological examinations of those specimens revealed that B. Anthracis was the causative agent of the disease . Along the line, 40 humans sera comprised 20 sera of local exposed inhabitants and 20 sera of non-exposed outsider, examined by the antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the diagnosis . It was concluded that antibody ELISA is one of diagnosis tools for analyzing of an anthrax outbreak in the field . Keywords : Anthrax, retrospective analysis, antibody ELISA; seru
Comparative study on preferences and quality of poultry meat.
Get PDFA study was conducted to examine physical and nutritional compositions as well as carcass preferences of broilers, native chickens, ducks and muscovy using 25 birds from each species . Parameters measured were : percentage of carcass, part of carcass and by-products, carcass quality, tenderness, water, protein, fat and ash contents of meat and skin . Preference test was conducted on thigh and breast meat, as well as whole carcass and cuts. The results of the study showed that the carcass quality of native chicken and ducks were better than the carcass of broilers and muscovy, and over 80% of them were considered as first class quality . The carcass percentage of broilers was higher than the native chickens, ducks and muscovy (P 0 .01) . The tenderness of breast meat was not significantly different, (36 .16-40 .84 kg/second), however, the tenderness of broiler thigh meat was the highest (61 .77 kg/second) among other meat (P 0 .01). Protein content of duck breast meat was the lowest, while the protein content of duck thigh meat and the muscovy were higher than that of broilers and native chickens (P 0 .05) . Fat content of broilers thigh meat was the highest as compared to other poultry meats (P 0 .01) . Organoleptic test showed that the taste of breast and thigh meat of native chicken, duck and muscovy were similar with that of broilers, however the appearance and color of carcass of broilers and muscovy were more accepted than that of native chickens and ducks (P 0.05). The meat of native chickens, ducks and muscovy were considered as good protein sources as judged by the physical appearances, nutritional composition and the preferences test . Keywords : Poultry meat, quality, preferenc
The difference of serological responses between naturally infected, experimentally infected, and vaccinated cattle with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine
Get PDFThe purposes of this research were to observe serological response differences of brucellosis between naturally infected, experimentally infected, and vaccinated cattle with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine . Identification of naturally infected cattle with B. abortus was carried out bacteriologically on milk samples collected from sero-positive brucellosis, while to determine serological responses blood samples were collected with 2 week interval from naturally and experimentally infected, and vaccinated cattle . Futhermore, the collected serum was examined serologically by using complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, indirect and competitive) . The result indicated that antibody titres (ELISA unit) of vaccinated cattle reached the peak at week -6 . This antibody titre was relatively lower and decreased quicker than naturally or experimentally infected cattle
Antibody response in naïve and sensitised goats infested by Sarcoptes scabiei
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to characterize the IgG and IgE antibody responses in goats infested repeatedly with Sarcoptes scabiei. Ten goats purchased from scabies-free farms were infested with 2000 live mites on the auricles. Fifty days after the initial infestation, the goats were treated with ivermectin. After being completely recovered, the goats were reinfested then treated again at 50 days post infestation. Blood samples were collected at the time of the first infestation, then every 10 days afterwards for 270 days. Seroconversion for IgG took place after 30 days following the first infestation, whereas the maximum level of the specific IgG antibodies occurred after 50 days. Immunoblot analysis identified a number of antigens (Mr 180, 135, 43 and 38 KDa) that recognised by the IgG at 10 days and continuously recognised throughout the course of the multiple infestations. Being consistently recognised, those antigens should be essential in the development immunological diagnostic tests for scabies. The levels of scabies-specific IgE antibodies increased slowly during the first infestation and rapidly dropped following treatment of the animals with ivermectin. In the second and third infestations, however, the reaginic antibodies rose rapidly and with a grater level. On immunoblot analysis, at least 10 antigens (Mr 130, 72, 64, 58, 48, 44, 41, 39, 27 and 25 KDa) were observed to be recognised by the IgE present in the sera from scabies-infested animals. Since IgE response is considered to play a major role in the immune protection, those allergens, therefore, could be used as the main component of an anti-scabies vaccine. Key words: Sarcoptes scabiei, antibody, goat