Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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To trace the active compound in mengkudu (morinda citrifolia) with anthelmintic acvtivity against Haemonchus contortus
Get PDFIntestinal parasites such Haemonchus contortus is usually controlled by management improvement and regular administration of anthelmintic. However, there is an indication of H. contortus resistance to several anthelmintic available in the market, which makes medicinal plants as an alternative anthelmintic and mengkudu or noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) have been reported as an effective anthelmintic. To trace the active compounds responsible for anthelmintic activity against H. contortus, the mengkudu fruit was continuosly extracted into hexane, chloroform, metanol and water, followed by in-vitro study on the anthelmintic activity. The in-vitro anthelmintic activity was base on the ability of the extracts to kill the worm and the ability of the extracts to prevent egg development. The study suggested that chloroform fraction which contains alkaloid and anthraquinon have the highest anthelmintic activity and showed significant different compared to control (P≤ 0.05). Key words: Morinda citrifolia, anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortu
Reproductive wastage analysis of Daldale ewes using a twice yearly lambing program
Get PDFReproductive wastage analysis of intensification sheep farming system using a twice yearly lambing program was carried out using Daldale ewes . Study was focused on ewes which completed a three-year study and alloted into 96 ewes involved in a twice-yearly lambing program (TY) and 105 ewes involved in once-yearly lambing program (OY) . Results indicated that 44 ewes (45 .8%) and 32 ewes (33 .3%) out of 96 ewes in TY group mated four and five times, respectively during five consecutive mating opportunities . However, those mating frequencies were not associated with increasing number of lambs bom per ewe raddled . It was due mainly to high percentage of ewes failed to mate after parturition, fertilization failure and embryonic mortality which were indicated by low percentage of mated ewes giving birth . It can be concluded that twice-yearly lambing program still needs further study particlularly in using different breed . Another alternative which needs to be studied is the use of a three lambing program in two years period at which the ewes have more chances to prepare their physical and physiological conditions before the next pregnanc
Feeding Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Culture (AOFC) to Growing Sheep: 1. The Effect of AOFC on Rumen Fermentation
Get PDFCultures of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae, have been of interest to animal nutritionists to increase feed efficiency. Many experiments have been done and showed positive results on rumen fermentation and productivity of ruminants. This paper reports the results of an in vivo study on feeding Aspergillus oryzae, fermentation culture (AOFC) to growing sheep. ‘Onggok’ (tapioca processing waste) was used as media for AO cultivation after being enriched with a mineral mixture. Commercial concentrate (GT-03) was fed to 15 growing sheep supplemented with 0% (C0), 5% (C1), and 10% (C2) AOFC (w/w). Chopped fresh King grass was used as a basal diet. The 3 treatments were randomly allotted to the sheep according to randomized block design with 5 replications. The study was carried out for 14 weeks. Digestion trial was conducted in the last 10 days of experiment. All feed and fecal samples were analyzed for nutrients. Rumen fluid was sampled at the mid experimental period. Analyses were done on rumen pH, ammonia content, (VFA) volatile fatly acids concentration, and also total digestive tract digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, and total fiber (NDF). Differences in treatment means were analyzed by Duncan’s MRT. Feeding AOFC resulted in increased (P0.05) digestibility of crude protein from 59.6% in control sheep to 65.5% in sheep fed concentrate with 10% AOFC supplementation. The same pattern also occurred for NDF, but no effect was found on dry and organic matter. Higher fiber digestibility with AOFC supplementation was in line with an increase (P0.05) in cellulolytic bacteria population in the rumen. VFA produced also increased (P0.05), as well as individual acids content, primarily acetate and propionate. No differences (P0.05) were detected in rumen pH and ammonia content. It appears that AOFC is more suitable for the purpose of meat production. Key words: A. oryzae, sheep, digestibility, rumen, in viv
The effect of dietary crude protein substitution as protected soybean meal on pregnant and lactating ewes’ performance
Get PDFProduction respons was related to rumen undegradable protein feeding. Twenty-six local late pregnant ewes are penned individually and allocated to four dietary treatment groups of feed supplement, containing different amount of protected soybean meal and provided 0% (R1), 10% (R2) 20% (R3) and 40% (R4) crude protein of feed supplement respectively. Diets were fed until the first 8-week of lactation phase. Results showed that the mean of total dry matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was 3,42% of body weight (BW). Dietary treatments of protected-protein tended to increase daily mean intake of dry matter (P0.05), ie. 76.9; 77.25; 77.49 and 78.81 g/kg BW 0.75 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. A similar trend was noted in daily intake of crude protein with the mean of 9.75; 10.31; 10,75 and 12.1 g/kg BW0.75 (for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively) and were not different significantly (P0.05) among dietary treatments. Increasing the amount of protected-protein in the ration influenced (P0.05) the daily live weight gain (ADG) of ewes during the late phase of gestation which was 104.4, 99.4, 120.8 and 148.14 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Feed efficiency (DMI/ADG) improved as substitution of protected-protein increased. The total birth weight of lambs (g/ewe) was not significantly different (P0.05), by increasing level of protected-protein in the ration, averaging 3.2 kg/ewe. Increasing protected-protein, increased (P0.05) the daily gain (g/ewe) of lambs during the first 8-week of lactation, and it was 127, 131, 165 and 211 g/ewe/d for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Consequently, the weaned weight at 8- week of ages increased significantly different (P0.05) as the amount of protected-protein in the diet increased. Key words: Banana latex, protected-protein, ewes productio
Effect of various dietary nutrient density on the growth performance of local male ducks and their crosse
Get PDFThree hundred day-old male ducklings were allocated randomly into 12 treatment combinations in 3 x 4 factorial design . Three levels of dietary density ration i.e : Low(12% /2,000 kcal), medium (16%/2,500 kcal) and high (20%/3,000 kcal) and 2 breeds of local ducks Tegal (TT) and Mojosari (MM) and their crossbreds (Tegal x Mojosari (TM) and Mojosari x Tegal (MT)) were applied. Each treatment combination consisted of5 replicates, each of 5 birds. The experiment was carried out for 8 weeks and measurements were weekly feed intake, body weight, weight and/or percentage of carcass, internal organs and abdominal fat. Results indicated that no significant interaction was detected between dietary nutrient density and the breeds of ducks on all parameters measured . Breeds of duck, as well as their crosses did not affect growth performance and other parameters . On the other hand, nutrient density influenced growth performance significantly, except for percentage of carcass and internal organs . In general, feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight and abdominal fat of ducks fed low density ration were significantly lower than those fed medium density, which were also lower than those fed high nutrient density diet . Weghtand length of intestine and kidney weight, of ducks fed low density diet however, were higher than the two other treatments . Keywords : Dietary density ration, breeds of duck, growt
The development of an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for detecting Injectious laryngotrachitis viral antibodies in chicken serum
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to develop an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibody against gallid herpes virus, the causal agent of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in chicken. Its application in experimental chicken under laboratory condition was also evaluated. Results showed that ELISA for ILT was developed successfully with sensitivity and specificity was 98% and 97,14% respectively. The ELISA was able to determine the dynamic of antibodies respond in experimental chickens following vaccination and artificial infection with ILT virus. It was concluded that this ELISA offers a simple, sensitive and specific antibody assay for detection of antibodies against ILT virus in chickens arising from vaccination or infection. Key words: ELISA, antibody, chicken, Infectious laryngotrachiti
The comparative study of antigenic protein characters of field isolates Brucella abortus cells with electrophoresis and immunoblotting Techniques
Get PDFLive vaccine of Brucella abortus strain 19 has been used for prevention and eradication of brucellosis in cattle . The information of the use of this vaccine in Indonesia is still limited, while the effectivity, bacteriological and serological aspects of the vaccine are not much evaluated yet. The objective of this research is to study the differences of protein cell wall antigenicity profiles between B. abortus strain 19, strain 544 and field isolates. Protein cell wall was prepared by sonicafion of B. abortus S19, S544 and B. abortus field isolates biotype l, 2 and 3 . Antiserum against these B. abortus was prepared in cattle . Futhermore, the distribution of protein band was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), while protein antigenic profiles was examined by immunoblotting . The result showed that there was no significant different amongs protein cell wall of these B. abortus. From the antigenicity profiles exhibited that cattle vaccinated with B. abortus S19, no antibody was detected against protein less than 30 kDa. The other side natural infected or experimental infected cattle with B. abortus biotype 1 field isolate, antibody was detected until protein which has molecular weight about 15 kDa
Spontaneous cholangiohepatitis in broiler chickens: immunohistochemical study of Ito cells
Get PDFThe function of Ito cells is expanding from a fat-storing site to a center of extracellular matrix metabolism and mediator production in the liver. Immunohistochemical reactivities of Ito cells were examined in eight livers of broiler chickens affected with spontaneous cholangiohepatitis and six chicken livers with malformation of extrahepatic biliary tracts. The livers in both groups revealed severe diffuse fibrosis. Ito cells expressing HHF35 muscle actin and desmin actively proliferated in the fibrotic foci of the all livers. The immunoreactivities of Ito cells to antibodies were enhanced compared with those in normal livers. There were no immunohistochemical differences between the Ito cells of two groups. From these findings, it was suggested that Ito cells actively proliferate and show enhanced immunoreactivities in the livers affected with cholangiohepatitis andmalformation of extrahepatic biliary tracts. Key words : Cholangiohepatitis, immunohistochemistry, ito cell, broiler chicke
The changes of peroxide number of coconut meal during storage and fermentation processed with Aspergillus nige
Get PDFThe effect of fermentation process and duration of storage of fermented coconut meal with Aspergillus niger on its peroxide number has been studied. First stage of experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments (raw coconut meal, 0 and 4 day aerobic fermentation incubation and after 2 day anaerobic enzymatic incubation). The peroxide number was determined as potentiality for rancidity. The three incubation processes decreased the peroxide number significantly. The highest reduction was obtained at 4 day aerobic fermentation (49.7%). The decrease of peroxide number of fermented coconut meal was correlated with the decrease of lipid content. The regression coefficient is highly significant (r2 = 0.76, P0.01). In the second experiment, the effect of storage on the peroxide number of fermented product was conducted by factorial design 2x3x4 i.e., two type of substrates (fermented and non fermented coconut meal), 3 storage temperatures (-13, 4, and 29oC) and 4 storage times (1, 2, 3, and 4 months). Statistical analysis for lipid contents showed that there was significant interaction (P0.05) between kind of substrates and storage time. The lipid content of fermented product was decreasing from the first up to the third month of storage, then it was increasing at the fourth month, but the lipid content of non fermented coconut meal did not significantly changed (P0.05). Statistical analysis for the peroxide number showed that there was highly significant interaction between the type of substrates and storage temperature. The peroxide number on the fermented products did not significantly increase, where as the non fermented products show significantly increased during storage course. The significant interaction between storage duration and temperature observed. At low temperatures (-13 and 4°C) storage the peroxide number increased 44%, while at high temperature (29°C) up to 95%. The highest peroxide number on the fermented product (43.5 ppm) was obtained at the temperature storage of 29°C for 4 month period. This value is still under rancidity limit (80 ppm). It could be concluded that fermentation process reduced the rancidity of coconut meal. Key words : Coconut meal, fermentation, peroxide number, Aspergillus nige
Follicle development and FSH secretion pattern of Ongole crossbred cow with natural twin birth history
Get PDFA research was done to obtain basic data about influence of natural twin birth history on reproduction of Ongole crossbred (PO) cow, as a basic consideration in utilizing twin genetic potency to increase beef production. The research was done for three estrus cycles respectively, and consists of two activities. The first activity was done in Beef Cattle Research Station (BCReS) at Grati sub-district, Pasuruan district – East Java, to observe number and development of follicle of ten cows with natural twin birth history (TP) and ten cows with single birth history (SP). In this activit ultra sonography (USG) equipment was used. The second activity was done in BCReS and in the Faculty of Veterinary Airlangga University at Surabaya, to observe concentration and profile of FSH using Bovine Blood Serum kit and IRMA method of five cows with TP and five PO cows with SP. Data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test and descriptive presentation. Result shows that 23.33% of cows with TP produced two dominant (de Graf) follicles in an estrus cycle and significantly (P 0.01) higher FSH secretion concentration (1.26 – 3.13 times) than that of cows with SP. It is concluded that PO cows with TP can produces more than one de Graf follicles in an estrus cycle and it has very high secretion concentration level of FSH. Key Words: Twin Births, PO Cow, Follicle, FS