Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Metabolism in compensatory growth: VI. Effect of energy yielding substrates
Get PDFAn experiment was designed to investigate the effect of different rates of glucose infusion into animals fed a maintenance diet supplemented with undegraded protein (HCHO-casein). Twelve Merino wether Iambs were divided into 3 treatment groups receiving different rates of glucose infusion, 10 mmolelh, 20 mmolelh and 30 mmolelh. The intake and digestibility of dry matter were not affected by glucose infusion. The infusion of glucose increased N retention by reducing both faecal and urinary N. It was estimated that per unit of glucose infused, animal retained 0.15 g N/mmole glucoselh. The efficiency of N retention were 28%, 35% and 44% for glucose infusion rate of 10 mmolelh, 20 mmolelh and 30 mmolelh respectively. Urea entry rate decreased as glucose infusion rate increased. The estimation of protein spared by glucose infusion calculated from N retention and urinary excretion rate gave a value of 20 g and 25 g per 100 g glucose infused respectively. The proportion of glucose entry rate (GER) that could potentially derived from amino acids reduced as the rate of glucose infusion increased, being 21%, 17% and 14% for 10 mmolelh, 20 mmolelh and 30 mmolelh of glucose infused respectively. The GER, percentage of glucose oxidized and its contribution to CO2 production increased as the rate of glucose infusion increased. However, CO2 entry rate was not significantly affected by rates of glucose infusion. Glucose uptake by the hind-limb muscles increased with increasing rates of glucose infusion and strongly related with both GER and plasma insulin concentration. There was a tendency for circulating essential amino acids to reduce as the rate of glucose infusion increased, and was more prominent for branched chain amino acids (BCAA) at 30 mmolelh of glucose infusion. The reduction of amino acids in the blood circulation occurred concurrently with the reduction in plasma urea concentration and urea entry rate indicated increased net incorporation of amino acids into protein. Key words: Compensatory growth, glucose, N retention, amin aci
Confirmation test of suspected Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated using PCR F57
Get PDFSeropositive and isolate suspected as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) was detected at dairy cows in West Java. This bacteria causes Johne’s disease (JD) and potentially becomes a new emerging disease for Indonesian dairy cows. The aim of this study was to confirm the suspected local isolate as a MAP distinctively by PCR. Reculture of MAP reference isolate, suspected local isolate done by resuspending bacteria in PBS 0.5% and inoculating it in Herrold’s egg yolk medium with mycobactin J (HEYM) and than inoculating it in 37oC for 16 weeks. The cultures grew in various time, Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium was detected in 3rd week, MAP reference was detected in 7th week, and local isolate was detected in 14th week. The confirmation test was carried out by PCR with primer F57. The PCR F57 result showed that MAP suspected isolate was not a Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Key Words: Local Isolate, Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberulosis, PCR F5
The effect of bioplus supplementation on performance of Madura cattle in Central Kalimantan
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to investigate the production performances, i.e. the growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion and carcass percentage of Madura cattle supplemented with bioplus and palm coconut cake. Twelve (12) male Madura cattle of approximately 1.5 to 2.0 years old with an initial liveweight of 136.62+21.61 kg were used in this study, and were randomly divided into four ration treatments, namely (I) Ration composed of roughage and legume (control); (II) Roughage and legume were supplemented with bioplus; (III) Roughage and legume were supplemented with palm coconut cake; and (IV) Roughage and legume were supplemented with palm coconut cake and bioplus. Each group (unit) consisted of three cattle. The cattle were kept in feedlot system lasted in three months. The roughage and legume consisted of field grass 80%, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) 10% and ground peanut straw 10%. Bioplus taken from Balitnak (Research Institute for Animal Production) Ciawi, Bogor was given at 0.5 kg/cattle and palm coconut cake was given at 2 kg/cattle, respectively. The variable measurements were average of daily gain (ADG), feed consumption, feed conversion, feed cost per gain, carcass percentage, and nutrient digestibility. The data were analyzed using a variance analyses (completely randomized design), followed by Duncan’s new multiple range test (DMRT) for the significant means. The result indicated that palm coconut cake and bioplus supplementation produce higher ADG. The ADG were 0.32; 0.38; 0.55; and 0.61 kg for treatment I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Supplementation with bioplus and palm coconut cake increased dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter (OM) and crude protein intake (CPI). Supplementation can also reduce feed conversion and feed cost per gain compared to without supplementation. Bioplus supplementation increases DM, OM, and CP digestibility. There were no significant effect of treatments on the dressing percentage, while the percentage of offal mainly skin, lung, kidney, and viscera fat were significantly different. Bioplus supplementation increased feed consumption, digestibility, and reduced feed cost per gain. Key words: Madura cattle, bioplus, production performanc
Effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin injection on litter size in young Etawah-cross does
Get PDFThe incidence of twins and/or multiple births in 20 heads of young Etawah-cross does was studied following oestrous synchronization using intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterorle acetate (Repromap) for 15 days . Twenty four hours priorto sponges withdrawal, the does were injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at dose rates of 0 (Group A), 10 (Group B), 15 (Group C) and 20 iu/kg (Group D) body weight. Amature buck fitted with an apron was used to detect the onset of oestrus at every four hours. The oestrous doe was naturally mated twice, 12 hours after onset of oestrus and 10 hours later. About 3-5 days after oestrus, all does were subjected to mid-ventral laparoscopy to detect ovulation rate . Two months after mating all does were subjected to pregnancy test using diagnostic ultrasonography. Results showed that all does exhibited clear sign of oestrus. The onset of oestrus occurred 15-43 hours after sponges withdrawal or 39-59 hours after PMSG injection. Does injected with PMSG (Groups B, C and D) showed oestrus 16-21 hours earlier (P0.05), and it was 1 .6-4.8 hours longer (P0 .05) than that of control (Group A) . However, there was no significant differences among the PMSG-treated groups . Ovulation rates increased from 1.0 in Group Ato 1.8 in Group B and 2.6 in bah Groups Cand D. Average litter size in Groups A, B, C and D were 1.0, 1.8, 2.4 and 1.0, respectively. It was concluded that injection of 15 iu PMSG/kg body weight gave the best result for increasing litter size in young Etawah-cross does . Key words: Etawah-cross, PMSG, synchronization, reproductio
The competitive interaction of snails Thiara scabra and Physa doopi on the snail Lymnaea rubiginosa under laboratory conditions
Get PDFThe competitive interaction of the snails Thiara scabra and Physa doopi against the snail Lymnaea rubiginosa, the intermediate host ofFasciola gigantica has been studied. Aquaria, 60 x 40 x 20 cm and 30 x 20 x 10 cm in size were used, and the two snail species were introduced in different proportion . The results over a one year period showed that the competition between snail L. rubiginosa and T. scabra or P. doopi has started after 8 months as demonstrated by the reduction of the population ofL. rubiginosa and increasing the population of T. scabra or P. doopi. The competitive interaction does not seem to be due to competition for food but to a chemical factors, possibly water-soluble pheromones. The other explanation is discussed . Keywords : Snail, intermediate host, Limnaea rubiginosa, Thiara scabra, Physa doopi, Fasciola gigantica, competitive Interactio
The application of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K99, F41 polyvalent vaccine in pregnant dairy cattle to control neonatal colibacillosis and mortality of calves
Get PDFEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains possessing either K99, F41 or K99F41 are responsible for causing neonatal diarrhoea and mortality of calves and difficult to control using antimicrobial drugs. A whole cell ETEC vaccine containing fimbrial antigens of polyvalent strains based on field serotypes was produced . The efficacy of ETEC vaccine used to control neonatal colibacillosis of dairy calves was studied in experimental animals and field trials. Five pregnant dairy cow were used for experimental study. Three animals were injected subcutaneously with 5 ml vaccine at 6 weeks and again 2 weeks before expected date of calving, others were left unvaccinated as control. Two calves born from vaccinated cows were given colostrum and milk from their own mothers. A calf born from vaccinated cow was not given colostrum, but milk from other vaccinated cow at day 8 . Three day old calves receiving colostrum of vaccinated cows were challenged with 2 ml either ETEC K99 or F41 suspension containing 108 colony forming units per ml did not show clinical signs of diarrhoea and their body weight increased progressively. Whereas, a calf born from unvaccinated group was challenged with ETEC K99 developed clinical sign of diarrhoea at 15 hours later and died at 8 days post-inoculation . A calf born from unvaccinated cow was challenged with ETEC F41 developed watery diarrhoea, it did not die, but its body weight relatively did not increase. The use of two doses ofpolyvalent ETEC vaccine at late gestation gave protection to the suckling offspring against challenged . Under farm conditions, dams vaccination with 2 doses of polyvalent ETEC vaccine 6 week and 2 weeks before expected date of calving reduced the calf mortality from average of 13% per months to 0.7%. It was concluded that dams vaccination with polyvalent ETEC containing K99 and F41 fimbrial antigens gave protection to their suckling offsprings or through consuming their colostrum or milk against homologous ETEC infection. Keywords: Calf, colibacillosis, ETEC, dams vaccinatio
Increasing milk production ability of lactating cows through improvement of feeding managemen
Get PDFIncreasing milk production ability of lactating cows through improvement of feeds and feeding frequency was conducted at Tanjungsari Village Cooperative. Fifteen lactating cows of 3-4 months of lactation period were used. The cows were divided into five groups based on their average daily milk production and lactation period. The treatment consisted of RO (control=commonly practiced by farmers), R1 (2.5 kg. concentrate, given three times per head per day). R2 (2 kg. Concentrate plus 13.5 kg roughage given three times per head per day). The experimental design was completely randomized block design. The quality of concentrate given to the lactating cows was a better than that given by the local farmers. Improving feed supplementation and feeding frequency significantly (P0.01) increased the consumption of dry matter, crude protein and energy of the feeds, and thus increased daily milk production, solid non fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) of the milk (P0.05). Specific gravity of the milk was not affected by the treatments (P0.05). Substitution of 0.5 kg concentrate with 13.5 kg roughage resulted in non significant difference on the daily milk production as well as the quality of the milk, thus it gave no economic impact. The increase of daily milk production was followed by the increase of the incomes of the farmers by Rp 905 to Rp 1,425 per head per day. The result of the experiment leads to the assumption that the present feeding practices of the lactating cows should be improved accordingly. Key words: Lactating cows, feeding, managemen
Antibody tits: detection of swollen head syndrome using indirect ELISA test
Get PDFIndirect enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardised using vaccine strain to detect antibody respons raised to swollen head syndrome (SHS) . This technique can be used as an alternative serologic test due to its quickness, simple and relatively cheap. Besides, it would be suitable as a preliminary test before using serum neutralisation test (SNT) for reassuring diagnosis which takes time and costly for developing poultry industries
Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 4. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in native chicken's diet
Get PDFFermentation processes increase the protein of palm oil sludge and produce some useful enzymes. However, drying process, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients and the enzymes activity. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of native chickens when fed ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge (FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10 and 15% equal to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each treatment was replicated 5 times for 12 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality) of chickens were recorded. Carcass yield, abdominal fat content, weight of liver and gizzard were measured at the end of feeding trial. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and different between means were tested by orthogonal procedures. Results during the starting period showed that, chickens fed FPOS diet gain more weight significantly than the control birds (298.1 vs. 264.7). The dry matter intake of the dry FPOS diet was significantly better than the fresh FPOS diet (2.88 vs. 3.32). The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, increasing the FPOS levels worsen the dry matter conversion (DCR) significantly. Data during 12 weeks trial showed mat the body weight gain was not significantly affected by treatments. The dry matter intake of the FPOS diets were significantly higher than the control diet (3469 vs. 3065 g/bird), hence the DCR of the control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diets (3.28 vs. 3.62). Feeding dry FPOS resulted in a better DCR as compared to fresh FPOS (3.48 vs. 3.76), but not affected the dry matter intake. The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, inclusion of 5% FPOS in me diet gave better DCR significantly, as compared with 15% FPOS (3.51 vs. 3.83). Feeding dry or fresh FPOS (5 - 15%) did not significantly affect the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of liver and weight of gizzard of native chickens. It is concluded that dry FPOS was better than the fresh FPOS and could be included in me native chickens diet up to 10%. Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, native chicken
Cryopreservation of Boer goat spermatozoa: Comparison of two freezing extenders based on post-thaw sperm quality and fertility rates
Get PDFBoer goat have recently been popularly used for cross breeding with local goats. However, it is currently considered a breed at very limited number with relatively high prices . In this context, the cryopreservation of spermatozoa is important because it could be conserved for a very long period of time. Egg yolk extenders are most commonly used for cryopreservation of goat sperm. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two extenders to maintain sperm viability after cryopreservation. Semen from three male Boer goat aged about 2-3 years old was collected using artificial vagina and frozen with Tris and Triladyl extender. The results showed that percentage of motility, viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa with Tris and Triladyl extenders at every stage of cryopreservation showed not significantly difference (P0.05), except the percentage of sperm motility post thawing of Triladyl was higher than Tris extender (52.00±4.47% vs 47.50±2.74%, P0.05). Cryopreserved semen in Tris extender provided the same fertility rates after cervical insemination compared to Triladyl (62.50% vs 60.00%). In conclusion, the Tris extender has the same capabilities to Triladyl in cryopreservation of Boer goat spermatozoa as to maintain sperm quality and fertility rates. Key Words: Boer Goat, Spermatozoa, Cryopreservation, Fertility