Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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The influence of follicle numbers per ovary on the quality of oocytes and the day length of forming blastocyte s by in vitro fertilization
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to know the influence of the number of follicles produced per ovary on the quality of oocytes and the day length of developing blastocytes by in vitro fertilization (IVF) at 7-,8-, and 9-days. Material of the research is ovary of Fries Holland dairy cattle gathered from slaughterhouse. A number of 138 ovaries are grouped into four based on the number of follicles per ovary, including group I (≤5 follicles), group II (6-10 follicles), group III (11-20 follicles), and group IV (≥20 follicles). The result showed that the number of follicles per ovary are not significantly (P0.05) influencing both on oocyte quality and the days length of forming blastocytes at 7-, 8-, and 9-days. Number of oocytes for grade A-B (percentage of the number of oocytes IVF per the number of oocytes obtained per ovary) for group I - IV consecutively is 83.5%, 91.3%, 97.1%, and 91.2%. The number of developing blastocytes (percentage the number of blastocytes per the number of oocytes) for group I - IV at 7-days consecutively is 5.19%, 5.56%, 5.45%, and 6.03%; at 8-days is 15.58%, 12.94 %, 13.64%, and 11.64%; at 9-days is 1818%, 8.96%, 8.18%, and 10.35%. Key words: Oocytes, IVF, blastocyt
The use of ant-plant (Myrmecodia pendans) as feed additive to broilers chicken
Get PDFAnt-plant (Myrmecodia pendans) is a unique plant which is widely used in Central Kalimantan and contains antioxidant flavonoids and tannin. The use of herbs as organic materials may produce good performance and carcass of chicken. The experiment used 40 Ross strain day old chicks which were randomly divided into 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were T0 (basal diet as a control), T1 (basal diet+0.1% ant-plant), T2 (basal diet+0.2% ant-plant), T3 (basal diet+0.3% ant-plant) and T4 (basal diet+0.4% ant-plant). Data were collected during 35 days to obtain feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, final body weight, mortality, carcass percentage and performance index. The data were analyzed for variances based on a Completely Randomized Design and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for differences. The result showed no significant effect of treatments on the performances, but T1 treatment (containing 0.1% ant-plant) showed good tendency to gain body weight, final body weight, carcass percentage and performance index respectively 0.51%; 0.44%; 0.15%; and 3.09% higher than T0 (control). It also showed good feed efficiency with feed conversion of value 2.43% lower than control. In conlusion, ant-plant as feed additive until 0.4% in broiler diet had no effect to improve broiler performances.Key Words: Broiler, Ant-Plant (Myrmecodia pendans), Feed Additive, Performanc
Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus niger after therma1 drying process
Get PDFSolid substrate fermentation by Aspergillus niger has been carried out to improve the nutritive value of palm oil sludge (POS). POS was fermented aerobically for four days in a fermentor chambers (28°C, RH 80%), with 60% moisture content Some of the product was further incubated anaerobically for 2 days at 28°C. Both products from aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes were dried by various methods, i.e. sunlight, oven at 60°C, oven with blower at 40°C, at the moisture content less than 11%. Results of the drying methods were also compared with the fresh fermented product. Statistic analysis using factorial design (2 x 4) showed that there was no interaction between kind of fermentation processes (aerobic and anaerobic) and drying methods (fresh, sunlight, oven 60°C, and blower 40°C) for almost all parameters except total a-amino acid content Significant results (p0.05) were obtained on the drying methods for parameters of crude protein, true protein, in vitro dry matter and protein digestibilities, and mannanase and cellulase activities. There were no significant results between treatments in the crude fiber analysis and soluble nitrogen content Significant results also did not occur between treatment of aerob and anaerob fermentation processes for almost all parameters except for dry matter digestibilities. Results from true protein and in vitro digestibilities show that the fresh fermented product has the best nutritive value, while product dried by sunlight was best among other drying processes. Results from in vivo of protein and energy digestibilities show that there were better metabolizable energy and protein for product with aerobic process and dried with oven and blower treatments, while sunlight drying was best for product processed in anaerobic condition. Although fresh fermented product gave better result from in vitro digestibilities and enzyme activity analyses, for some reasons (easy handling and preservation) sunlight drying gave best results for products processed under anaerobic condition, especially when sunlight drying is cheap. Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation product, Aspergillus niger, thermal dryin
The effect of antibiotic and Morinda citrifolia waste bioactive as feed additive in layer ration
Get PDFA study on the use of zinc bacitracin antibiotic (ZnB) and Morinda citrifolia waste as feed additive in layer ration was conducted. One hundred and twenty pullet of Isa Brown strain were allocated into 5 treatments with 6 replications with 4 birds/replication. The treatment were: control, control + antibiotic (50 ppm Zinc bacitracin) and control + M. citrifolia waste at 3 levels (5, 10 and 15 g/kg ration). Analysis of variance was conducted in a completely randomized design. Variables measured were: feed intake, hen day (% HD), egg weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results showed that feed intake of hens with M. citrifolia waste 5g/kg for 6 month was significantly (P0.05) higher than that of control and M. citrifolia waste 10 g/kg. Between antibiotic and M. citrifolia waste was not significantly different (P0.05). The percentage of HD with antibiotic and M. citrifolia waste did not significantly (P0.05) differ, but tent to be higher than that of the control. Egg weight with M. citrifolia waste 5 g/kg was significantly (P0.05) higher than that of control and M. citrifolia waste 15 g/kg. Between antibiotic and M. citrifolia waste did not significantly (P0.05).differ. FCR with antibiotic and M. citrifolia waste 5 g/kg was significantly lower than that of control. Between antibiotic and M. citrifolia waste was not significantly different (P0.05), but FCR with antibiotic and M. citrifolia waste 5 g/kg tent to be lower than that of M. citrifolia waste 10 and 15g/kg. It is concluded that the use of M. citrifolia waste 5 g/kg can substituted antibiotic in layer ration. Key Words: M. Citrifolia Waste, Antibiotic, Egg Production, Laye
Single nucleotide polymorphism of prolactin gene exon two in ducks of Pekin, Mojosari and Pekin Mojosari crossbred
Get PDFProlactin gene plays crucial role in the reproduction and egg production of birds. The objectives of this study were to characterize single nucleotide polymorphism in partial intron and coding region of duck prolactin gene. Blood samples were collected from 168 ducks consisted of 19 Pekin, 36 Mojosari, and 113 of their crossbreds collected from Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP). Primer pairs for the coding regions in prolactin gene were self designed based on the duck genomic sequence database (GeneBank: AB158611.1). PCR products based on DNA of prolactin gene exon two was amplified approximately 400 bp. There is one base insertion of Adenin at the position of 2001 bp intron two region of duck prolactin. Homology test based on BLAST method indicated 99% identity with duck refference (Code Access GeneBank: AB158611.1). Adenin composition in all of duck samples was higher than refference. Triplet hydrogen bonds between Guanine and Cytosin pairs was higher than those at duplet hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine. All duck samples were homozigous and monomorphyc
Pathology and clinicopathology of buffalo against trickle infection with Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFEleven male buffalo calves were divided into infected group of 7 animals and non-infected control group of 4 animals. The infected group was then inoculated with trickle doses of 15 Inetacercariae of Fasciola gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks and killed 36 weeks after first infection. There were no clinical symptoms observed . Infected and non-infected buffaloes, had similar values of packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts . In infected buffaloes, plasma glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme activity increased in proportion to the dregree of hepatocyte destruction level and evidence of necrosis caused by the migrating of immature flukes through the parenchyma prior to their entry into the bile ducts. While the values of plasma glutamyl transpeptidase showed only a minimal rise with a small peak in week 20 as evidenced by histological observation that infected caused limited damage to epithelial surface of the bile duct . These results indicates that, the resistance mechaninisms of buffalo against fasciolosis infection occurred in the liver or before flukes entering into the bile ducts. These results seem to indicate that, in buffalo, resistance mechanisms to fasciolosis infection occured in the liver or before flukes entry into the bile ducts. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, clinicopathology, buffalo calves, trickle infection, resistanc
Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) for reducing aflatoxsins contamination in commercial chicken feed
Get PDFIndonesian climate condition is suitable for growing of mold such as Aspergillus flavus. The mold grown in feed and feed ingredients cause aflatoxins contamination of the feed. Sambiloto has been reported to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins production in feed isolate. The aim of the study was to find the used of sambiloto in reducing aflatoxins contamination in commercial chicken feed. The feed was homogenously mixed then divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The samples were treated with sambiloto 0.04%, 0.08% and 0.16% respectively into the feed, except for the control feed sambiloto was not added. Into these feed 4 ml of Aspergillus flavus suspension was also added. Then the feed in each group was incubated at room temperature for 10 days. Samples were collected from each group at days 0, 5 and 10 of incubation times for aflatoxins analysis. Samples were extracted and aflatoxins were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Observation results indicated that sambiloto concentration of 0.16% in feed can inhibit the total aflatoxins production of 16.46% and gave the inhibitation percentage of aflatoxin B1 of 45.39%. Statistical test showed that the used of sambiloto in feed for 5 days incubation times gave significant result in reducing aflatoxins production. However the 10 days incubation times of the feed with sambiloto gave in significant result. It is suggested that to get optimum inhibition of aflatoxins production, sambiloto added in feed should be higher than 0.16%. Key words : Feed, aflatoxin, sambilot
Polymerase chain reaction optimization for the detection of Pasteurella multocida B:2, the causative agent of Haemorrhagic septicaemia
Get PDFSpecific detection of Pasteurella multocida type B:2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using a set of DNA primers wasoptimised. Effects of the addition of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) to the sample preparation, Escherichia coli contamination and the number of P. multocida on the PCR product was assessed. The PCR test was compared to the standard bacteriological method for the detection of P. multocida B:2 in tonsillar swab samples collected from slaughter houses of various regions in Indonesia. Addition of 100 mM EDTA-saline to P. multocida B:2 spiked tonsillar swab samples inhibits the production 350 base pairs (bp) PCR product. The inhibitory effect of the EDT A can be eliminated by three times washing with deionised water. The PCR can detect P. multocida as low as I organism and contanimation of 100 CFU of E. coli does not effect the PCR result. The results show that the DNA primers for P. multocida B:2 is sensitive and specific. The inhibitory effect of EDTA in PCR samples can be eliminated by washings. Keywords: PCR, EDT A, Pasteurella multocida B:
The effect of protein-energy levels dietary on Kacang goats performances
No full textAn experiment was done to evaluate the protein-energy requirement for growing Kacang goats. Twelve males and 18 female goats, seven to eight months old were used in this study and randomized into three treatment groups, with four and six animals each, and were kept in individual pens. The treatments used were: R1= Elephant grass (E.G.) + concentrate C1 (21% CP; 3.9 Mcal GE/kg), R2 = E.G. + concentrate C2 (17% CP; 3.7 Mcal GE/kg), and R3 = E.G. + concentrate C3 (12% CP; 3.5 Mcal GE/kg), respectively. Fresh Elephant grass was offered in restricted, and concentrate was offered at 3% of body weight. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks. Data were analysed by using factorial completely randomized design 2x3 (3 rations and 2 sexes). Parameters measured were: feed intake; average daily gain and feed conversion. The results indicated that among treatments there was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) intake (P0.05), but crude protein (CP) intake of R1 was 23,6% higher than treatment R2; treatment R2 was 38.1% higher than R3 (P0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) between treatment R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P0.05), but treatment R1 was 36.9% and significantly higher than R3 (P0.01). Feed conversion (FC) between R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P0.05), but ration R1 was more efficient than R3 (P0.01). DM intake, GE intake, and ADG of male goats each were 19.4% (P0.05); 19.0% (P0.01), and 28.2% (P0.01) significantly higher than the female goats. Feed conversion between male and female goats was not significantly different (P0.05). It was concluded that protein intake and average daily gain were increased, and feed conversion was more efficient as the crude protein-energy levels increased in the ration. Feed intake and average daily gain of male goats were higher and feed conversion was more efficient than the female goats. Key words : Protein-energy, Kacang goa
Dietary energy and crude protein requirements of Ettawah Cross Kids: 1. Intake, digestibility, availability and utilization of nutrients
Get PDFAn experiment was designed in order to study the crude protein and energy requirement of Ettawah Cross growing goats. Twenty seven kids (average body weight of 11.80 + 1.4 kg) were used and randomly allotted to a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, consisting of three different levels of crude protein and three levels of energy. Results from this experiment showed that animal performance was effected by dietary treatments. Increasing levels of energy ration significantly (P0.05) decreased the dry matter intake, with overall mean values were 3.0; 2.8 and 2.5% of body weight for low, medium and high levels of energy respectively. Dietary treatments increased energy (EM) and crude protein intake, and overall values were 0.2046 + 0.016 Mkal/kg BW0.75 and 8.20 + 2.473 g/kg BW0.75 repectively. Positive response on animal performance was also effected by dietary treatment, with overall mean value of 86.40 + 29.59 g head-1day-1. The highest response on animal performance (ADG 123.3 g) was found on kids fed diet containing combination of low level of energy and high level of crude protein. Meanwhile, the lowest average daily gain (45 g) was resulted by kids fed ration containing combination of high level of energy and low level of crude protein. Key words: Protein-energy, etawah cross kids, growing fas