Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Reciprocal crossing between Tegal and Mojosari ducks : I . Early gowth and early egg production
Get PDFIn !ndonesia, duck farming plays an important role in meeting the demand for eggs and as an alternative source of income for small farmers . However, the production efficiency of duck farming is still very low because of small ownership and low quality of breeding stock . One way of improving the quality of breeding stock is by using crossbreds from various breeds of local ducks to exploit heterosis which may arise from the crossings . In order to test the performance of Tegal and Mojosari crossbreds, 250 ducks each of Mojosari and Tegal breeds were used and crossed to produce TT (Tegal x Tegal), TM (Tegal x Mojosari), MT (Mojosari x Tegal), and MM (Mojosari x Mojosari) . In this report, observations were taken only during the early gowth and the first egg laying. Results show that crossbreds between Mojosari did and Tegal not show any superiority to the parental breeds on young drakes at early gowth, while on young female ducks, the crossbred TM even showed a smaller body weight gain up to 8 weeks, although still similar to MM. The crossbred MT approached the performance of TT which is higher than TM or MM. This indicates a strong maternal effect, which was also confirmed by the findings on the age at first laying . In this early stage of gowth, there is no significant heterosis among the crossbreds. This confirms that these duck breeds can not be expected as meat producers . Observation of heterosis on components of egg production will describe more of the production potentials of these breeds. Keywords : Duck, crossbreedin
Cassapro in broiler ration : effect of halquinol Supplementation
Get PDFA trial was conducted to determine the effect of various level of cassapro (fermented cassava) and halquinol supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens . Experimental rations were formulated isoprotein and isoenergy with graded level of cassapro (0, 10, 20 and 30%) . The 20 and 30% cassapro ration were prepared without and with halquinol supplementation (60 ppm). Each ration was fed to 40 of three day old broilers, divided into 4 cages ( 5 males and 5 females per cage) for 4 weeks. Increasing the level of cassapro significantly reduced body weight gain (P 0.005), increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P 0.0005) with no effect on feed intake (P 0.10) . Halquinol supplementation has no effect on feed intake, but significantly increased body weight gain (P 0.05) and improved the FCR (P 0.01) . It is concluded that high level of cassapro in the ration will cause poorer performance of the birds, however it can be alleviated by halquinolsupplementation. Keywords: Broiler, cassapro, halquino
Effectivity of santoquin and vitamin E suplementation on fat value, fatty acid composition and sensory quality of local duck meat
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to identify the effectivity of antioxidant supplemented in ration for fat and fatty acid consentration and sensory quality of male local duck meat. Two hundred and eighty day old ducks (dod) reared for ten weeks were allotted to either one of 10 treatments in 4 replications with 7 ducks/replication for each treatment. The treatments were: (R0) basal-diet (RB) without antioxidant (control); (R1) RB+50 ppm santoquin (Sq)+100 IU vitamin E (VE); (R2) RB+50 ppm Sq+200 IU VE; (R3) RB+50 ppm Sq+300 IU VE; (R4) RB+100 ppm Sq+100 IU VE; (R5) RB+100 ppm Sq+200 IU VE; (R6) RB+100 ppm Sq+300 IU VE; (R7) RB+150 ppm Sq+100 IU VE; (R8) RB+150 ppm Sq+200 IU VE; (R9) RB+150 ppm Sq+300 IU VE. The experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with one of the treatments as a control and the others were with antioxidants supplementations. The variables observed were: fat concentration, fatty acid composition and concentration, as well as sensory quality (off odor intensity and description values) in male duck meat. Result showed that Sq+VE supplementation could reduce fat content in duck meat. R1 and R4 were the best level to reduce fat contents in fresh meat, but in boiled meat R8 and R9 treatment was the best. Total composition and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids were higher then those of saturated fatty acids. The fatty acid concentrations of linoleat (C18:2) and arakidonat (C20:4) increased parareled with the antioxidant supplementations in fresh and boiled duck meat. Sq and VE supplementations significantly decreased (P0,05) intensity off odor (fishy odor) in fresh or boiled duck meat, and 50 ppm Sq+100 IU VE or 100 ppm Sq+100 IU VE was the best treatment to reduce the intensity off odor (fishy odor)on fresh meat, while 150 ppm Sq+200 IU VE or 150 ppm Sq+300 IU VE was on boiled duck meat. It is concluded that lipid oxidation was effectively protected by Sq+VE supplementations resulted is reduced intensity off odor, while the sensory quality of local duck meat increased. Key Words: Local Duck, Antioxidants, Carcass, Fatty Acids, Off Odor, Sensor
Rumen microbial protein supply as estimated from purine derivative excretion on sheep receiving faba beans (vicia faba) as supplement delivered at different feeding frequencies
Get PDFRapid and extensive degradation of faba beans (Vicia faba) by ruminal microbes can result in substantial and undesirable N loss from the rumen. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that offering faba beans as a supplement more than once a day to sheep receiving a combination of oaten chaff and lucerne chaff as a basal diet will increase microbial protein supply to the intestines. The experiment was conducted in a Latin square design (4 x 4) using four mature merino sheep. The treatments were: T0 = basal diet ad libitum + nil supplements, T1 = T0 + faba beans (FB) fed once daily, T2 = T0 + FB fed twice daily, T3 = T0 + FB fed 8 times daily. The basal diet was given once per day at 09:00 in the morning while FB were given at the rate of approximately 0.5% of live body weight and delivered according to the treatment protocol. Urinary excretion of purine derivative (PD) was used to estimate microbial protein supply. The results indicated that even though treatment statistically had no effects on total urine output, PD excretion in the urine, PD absorbed, estimated microbial N supply, and the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis, provision of supplement to sheep numerically improved microbial N supply by 92% compared to that of control group. However, there were no differences within the supplemented group. Therefore, it is concluded that feeding faba beans more than once a day was unnecessary. Key Words: Purine Derivatives, Microbial Protein Synthesis, Shee
The chemical changing during fermentation of cassava tuber skin and its utilization in broiler chicken ration
Get PDFCassava tuber skin is a by-product of cassava chip industry, solid state fermented using mixed inorganic nitrogen and Aspergillus niger. The fermentation process was carried out for 3-4 days. The chemical changing during fermentation of cassava tuber skin and its utilization in broiler chicken ration were studied. After fermentation showed that the crude protein, crude protein digestibility, crude fat, ash, Ca, Ca digestibility, P, and P digestibility improved. The contents of crude protein and its digestibility improved from 4.80% and 66.90% to 28.00% and 72.00%, respectively. The crude fat content improved from 1.32% to 1.80%. The ash content improved from 7.80% to 9.20%, this was followed by improving of Ca and P from 0.97% and 0.11% to 1.69% and 0.68%, respectively. Also the Ca and P digestibilities improved from 81.10% and 14.10% to 93.20% and 52.00%, respectively. The crude fiber content decreased from 21,20% to 14,96 %, cianide acid (HCN) and urea contents also decreased. The result of feeding trial showed that the inclusion of fermented cassava tuber skin up to 10% in chicken broiler ration for 4 weeks feeding showed that the feed consumption, bodyweight gain and FCR were not different significantly (P0.05). However, 15% inclusion reduced bodyweight gain and increased significantly FCR (P0.05). It could be concluded that the nutrient content of cassava tuber skin improved after fermentation and the fermentation product could be used up 10% in broiler ration. Key words: Nutrient composition, cassava tuber skin, fermentation, broiler ratio
Extension program on the control of bovine fasciolosis in West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFAn extension program to control fasciolosis in cattle and buffalo was undertaken in collaboration with officers of the District of Livestock Services (DLS) and farmer organizations in the Surade district of West Java. Control strategies were based on results of extensive epidemiological studies on fasciolosis in this area over the past 4 years. Recommendations included: (1) preventing animals grazing harvested rice fields adjacent to a village or cattle pen; (2) feeding stock only the top two-thirds of freshly cut rice stalks; (3) mixing cattle or buffalo faeces with manure of ducks or chicken naturally infected with Echinostoma revolutum, before using them as fertilizer in rice fields; and (4) a single treatment with triclabendazole in July, about 6 weeks after harvest of the last seasonal rice crop. Farmers were surveyed in January 1996 to determine their level of knowledge about fasciolosis. The extension program commenced in February, soon after planting the second seasonal rice crop in four villages. At first, leaflets were distributed to farmers, and posters were displayed in each village to provide basic information. Following discussions with village leaders, groups of farmers met in each village to discuss the advantages they saw in each strategy, ways they could implement them, and to identify socio-economic constraints that needed to be overcome. Taped interviews were prepared for a local radio station and the farmer groups. In August, final survey was conducted to determine the change in knowledge and attitudes that had occurred as a result of the extension program. Bennett’s hierarchy was used at each stage to evaluate the effects of inputs and activities. Farmers adopted the techniques of cutting and feeding rice-stems 2/3 above water-level, and isolating cattle from rice-fields during harvest time, as these appeared to be beneficial in social and economic terms; but they rejected the two other practices where they perceived that socio-economic costs exceededbenefits. Key words : Fasciolosis control, extension program, cattle, buffal
Effects of house type and early feed restriction on performance and fat deposition in unsexed broilers
Get PDFThe present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of house type and early feed restriction on performance and fat deposition of unsexed broilers. Four hundreds seven-day old unsexed broilers (Arbor Acres CP 707) were distributed into eight treatment groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. Two types of house (cage vs litter) and four levels of feeding (ad lib., 75% ad lib., 50% ad lib. and 25% ad lib.) were tested as treatment factors. Broilers were feed-restricted for 6 days from 7 to 13 days of age and thereafter they were fed ad lib. Feed intake of restricted broilers during restriction period was calculated from feed consumed by ad lib. group in the previous day. Results showed that unsexed broilers raised in litter had higher body weight (P0.05), lower abdominal fat and higher triglyceride concentration at 42 days of age (P0.05), and lower liver fat and higher carcass percentage at 56 days of age (P0.05). Early feed restriction reduced body weight of 42-day old unsexed broilers except for broilers fed 75% ad lib. At 56 days of age, restricted broilers had similar body weight to those fed ad lib. At 56 days of age, broilers fed 25% ad lib. had lower FCR (P0.05), lower abdominal fat (P0.05) and lower triglyceride concentration (P0,05). In conclusion, unsexed broilers fed 25% ad lib. showed compensatory growth with better FCR and lower fat accumulation at 56 days of age. Broilers raised in litter had higher body weight and lower abdominal and liver fat deposition. Key words: House type, early feed restriction, fat deposition, unsexed broiler
Localization of the glycoprotein Cb42 in larvae of the screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Get PDFThe glycoprotein Cb-peritrophin-42 was localized in third instar larvae of Chrysomya bezziana using primary antibodies raised against a non-glycosylated bacterial recombinant form of this protein. Both immunofluorescent antibody techniques on unfixed whole mounts of gut tissues and immunogold electron microscopy techniques on ultra-thin sections of fixed and embedded tissues were employed. The protein was shown to be exposed over the whole of both surfaces of the peritrophic membrane and to occur throughout its thickness. Immunogold labelling indicated that Cb-peritrophin-42 was expressed in the peritrophic membrane-secreting cells of the cardia, a specialized peritrophic membrane-forming organ situated at the junction of the foregut and midgut. The accessibility of Cb-peritrophin-42 present in intact peritrophic membrane to the primary antibodies used in the immunofluorescent antibody localization indicates that this glycoprotein is a potential molecular target for vaccination of host animals against larvae of Chrysomya bezziana. Key words: Cb-peritrophin-42, Cb42, glycoprotein, peritrophic membrane, immunolocalizatio
Haemophilus paragallinarum in chickens in Indonesia : II . Physiological and biochemical properties of Haemophilus spp . from diseased chickens
Get PDFA total of 46 isolates of Haemophilus spp . consisted of 42 local isolates from diseased chickens and four reference strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum were examined for their physiological and biochemical properties . These isolates consisted of 2 groups. One group consisted of 21 local isolates and reference strains of H. paragallinarum were catalase negative and identified as Haemophilus paragallinarum and they did not ferment galactose and trehalose . The other group was catalase positive and suspected as Haemophilus avium . This catalase positive group of these 21 avian Haemophili should be examined with other carbohydrates in order to be identified accurately . Keywords : Haemophilus spp ., physiological, biochemical, chicken
Nutritional status of Indigofera zollingeriana forage at different level draught stress and cutting interval
Get PDFThe low rainfall and high temperature greatly affect the decline in production and quality of forage in general. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors and four replications. The first factor consisted of 3 level of drought stress namely: 100% field capacity (FC) (control), 50% FC, and 25% FC. The second factor comprised of 3 defoliation interval i.e. interval defoliations of 60, 90 and 120 days. The observed variables were nutrient content (crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), Gross energy, lignin, selulose, neutral/acid detergent fibre (NDF/ADF), in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVMD/IVOMD), Ash, Ca and P) and anti-nutrient content (Tannin and Saponin). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and the differences between treatments were tested by LSD. The results shows that there were interactions (P0.05) between drought stress and defoliations interval on CP, CF, energy, cellulose, lignine, NDF/ADF, IVMD and IVOMD, but not to ash, Ca, P, saponin and tannin content. Drought treatment significantly (P0.05) decreased CP, energy, IVMD and IVOMD, but CF, lignin, cellulose, ND/ADF, IVDMD/IVOMD, saponin and tannin increases. Defoliation interval significantly (P0.05) decreases on CP, CF, energy, lignin, cellulose, NDF/ADF, and IVDMD/IVOMD, but saponin and tannin content did not affected