Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Effect of sun flower oil addition (Helianthus annuus) in diet on nutrient intake, growth performance and characteristics of estrous of pre-mating Garut sheep
Get PDFNutritional status of ewes at pre-breeding phase is critical for good reproductive process. Thirty-two ewes Garut sheep (initial body weight 22.5±2.21 kg) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of addition of sunflower oil in the diet on nutrient intake, growth performance and characteristics of estrous of pre-mating garut sheep. Ewes were fed grass and supplemented with one of four isonitrogenous high concentrate diets containing four levels of sunflower oil; they were (M0) no addition of sunflower oil; (M1) 2% sunflower oil; (M2) 4% sunflower oil and (M3) 6% sunflower oil addition. Results showed that the addition significantly reduced dry matter intake (p 0.05), highly significantly reduce crude protein, Ca and P intake (p 0.01), higly significant increased ether extract intake (p 0.01) and significantly increased long of estrous (p 0.05). There was no difference in crude fiber intake, TDN intake, body weight gain, length of estrous onset and response of estrous for ewes fed the four experimental diets. Response on estrous of treatments M0, M1, M2 and M3 were 62.50; 50.00; 75,00 and 62.5% respectively. It is concluded that the addition of sunflower oil up to 6% in the pre-mating ration affects the nutrient intake without interferering the performance, and it tends to improve the charachteristic estrous of Garut ewes. Key Words: Nutrient Intake , Estrous, Garut Sheep, Performance, Sunflower Oi
Effect of Yeast : Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Marine Yeast as probiotic supplement on performance of poultry
Get PDFAn experiment had been conducted to evaluate the effect of marine yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) as probiotic supplement on poultry performance. Marine yeast isolated from rotten sea-weed and commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. Evaluation was conducted by comparing performance of broiler chicken supplemented with marine yeast or Sc, which were given through drinking water (5 ml/l) to negative control (feed without antibiotic growth promotor/GPA), positive control (feed with GPA), and reference commercial probiotic. Forty DOC broiler birds were used for each treatment, divided into 4 replicates (10 birds/replicate) and raised in wire cages for 5 weeks. Body weight and feed consumption were measured weekly and mortality was recorded during the trial. The results showed that there were no significant difference on the birds performance among marine yeast, Sc, positive control and probiotic reference control treatments. However their effects on bird performance were better (P0.05) than treatment of negative control. It is concluded that marine yeast or Saccharomyces cerevisiae could replace the function of antibiotic as a growth promotant. Key words : Marine yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, probiotic, GPA, poultr
Antigen detection of rabies virus in brain smear using direct Rapid Immunohistochemistry Test
Get PDFRabies is zoonotic disease caused by a fatal, neurotropic virus. Rabies virus is classified into the Genus of Lyssavirus under the yang family of Rhabdoviridae. Rabies affecting hot- blooded animals, as well as human. Dogs, cats, monkeys are the vectors or reservoirs for rabies and the virus was transmitted through the saliva after infected animal’s bites. The aim of this study was to conduct rapid diagnosis to detect rabies viral antigen in brain smear using immunohistochemical (IHC) method namely direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (dRIT). A total number of 119 brain samples were achieved from Bukittinggi Veterinary Laboratory, West Sumatra. Standardisation and validation of the method were compared to Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) as a golden standard for rabies diagnosis. Results show that dRIT was a very good method, it can be performed within two hours without the need of fluorescent microscope. The samples were tested using FAT and from 119 samples tested, 80 (67.23%) samples were positive for rabies and 39 (32.77%) samples were negative for rabies whereas using dRIT showed that 78 (65.54%) samples were positive for rabies and 41 (34.45%) samples were negative for rabies. The dRIT results were validated by comparing them with FAT results as a golden standard for rabies. The relative sensitivity of dRIT to FAT was 97.5% and the relative specificity to FAT was 100% (with Kappa value of 0.976, stated as excellent). The achievement showed that dRIT is very potential diagnostic tool and is highly recommended to be used widely as a rapid diagnosis tool for rabies. Key Words: Rabies, Antigen Detection, Immunohistochemistry, Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (dRIT
The Effects of Zinc-biocomplex and Zinc-methionate supplementation on the ration for lambs
Get PDFThe effects of zinc-biocomplex and zinc-methionate on the growth of young sheep were studied in this trial. Eighteen young male local sheeps were grouped into 3 groups based on body weight. The treatments are: R1 (Control), R2 (R1 + Zn-biocomplex supplementation), R3 (R1 + Zn-methionate supplementations), with the concentration of Zn was 50 mg kg-1 in daily concentrate. Zink biocomplex and methionate were prepared in IRIAP laboratory. Feeds given were Elephant grass ad libitum and 200 g h-1 concentrate (CP = 15.40%). The initial body weights were 12.36 to 12.97 kg. Body weights were measured every forthnight and feed consumption was recorded daily. Completely randomized design was applied in this trial. Statistical analysis was carried out by using General Linear Model (GLM). After 3 months feeding trial the average daily gains were 52.65, 71.28 and 71.30 g h-1 (P0.05) for treatments R1, R2 and R3, respectively; with the mean daily intakes were 583, 562 and 531 g h-1 (P0.05). The mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) for R1, R2 and R3 were 10.96, 8.44 dan 8.75 (P0.05). It could be concluded that supplementation of Zn biocomplex and methionate produced in this institute (R1 and R2) gave better performance than control. Forms of Zn (biocomplex and methionate) did not give significant effect on difference (P0.05) growth. Key Words: Zn- Biocomplex, Zn-Methionate, Supplementation, Growth, Shee
Selection of phytase-producing moulds
Get PDFOrganic phosphorous in the form of phytate salts are found in feed component originated from cereals which can not be digested by chicken unless after the addition of an enzyme, i.e. phytase. A research to investigate phytase-producing moulds had been carried out. A total of 60 isolates from various collection units and isolation from samples had been collected then screened in Czapek’s medium with Ca-phytate as the source of phosphorous. From mould growth measurements and clearing zones formation there were 4 mould isolates, i.e. Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135 and NRRL 320, Aspergillus niger M94/18/D2 (Balitvet isolate), and Aspergillus niger no. 58 (IPB isolate), which were further observed. Enzyme was produced from medium containing 8% of corn’s starch, 3% of glucose, 0.0005% of KCl and MgSO4.7H2O, 0.0002% of K2HPO4, and 0.00018% of FeSO4.7H2O. The enzyme activity, protein and biomass contents were observed at 16, 24, 32, 48 and 72 hours incubations for Aspergillus niger and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days incubations for Aspergillus ficuum. The highest protein content was found at 5 days incubation for Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135 and NRRL 320, (165 and 169 μg/ml respectively), while for Aspergillus niger (Balitvet and IPB isolates) at 16 hours incubation (102 and 112 μg/ml respectively). Meanwhile, the biomass contents were decreased in accordance with the duration of incubations. The maximum enzyme productions were reached at 24 hours incubation for Aspergillus niger and at 4 days incubation for Aspergillus ficuum. The highest phytase activities were reached at 2.808 U/ml for Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135, followed by 1.520 U/ml for Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 320. Aspergillus niger produced enzyme quicker than the other moulds, with lower activity level and decreases quicker at the following hours. Key words: Phytate, phytase, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus nige
Pathological features of malignant catarrhal fever in rabbits with a secondary infection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Get PDFThirty rabbits were used in this study: 22 were infected and eight were used as controls . Fourteen rabbits were inoculated with blood taken from Ongole (Bos indices) cattle or buffalo naturally infected with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Another eight rabbits were inoculated with lymphoblastoid cell liras which contain Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2), the causal agent of sheep-associated MCF. Various degrees and distributions of histological changes were observed and resembling the lesions developed in MCF. However 17 infected rabbits (77.3%) with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, eight of them (47.196) were associated with the detection of Encephalhozoon cuniculi histologically
Performances of the first and second generation composite breed resulting from crossing between local Sumatra sheep and hair sheep.
No full textImproving sheep productivity can be conducted by genetic improvement and improving environmental factors. Genetic improvement usually can be done by selection and creating composite or synthetic breed by crossbreeding. Composite breed created by crossbreeding between different breeds and followed by selection. The study of crossing between Sumatra sheep with fat-tail sheep from East Java, St . Croix hair sheep (US) and Barbados Blackbelly hair sheep has been carried out since 1986, and show that the crossbred are better in term of production and reproduction . In 1996/1997, the first generation (F1) of composite breed (KOM) has been created by crossing between Barbados Cross (BC) rams and St . Croix Cross (HC) ewes or reciprocally. The second generation (F2) of composite breed has been created by inter-se mating . However, F1-KOM and F2-KOM vary in their performances, therefore selection should be conducted. The results showed that birth weight and weaning weight of crossing between BC rams and HC ewes tended to be heavier than those of reciprocal crossing between HC rams and BC ewes, but the differences were not significant (P0 .05) . Birth weight and weaning weight of crossing between BC rams with HC ewes and reciprocal cross were 2.48 _+ 0.70 kg (n=791), 12 .50 _+ 3 .26 kg (n=640) and 2.37 _+ 0.62 kg (n=147), 12 .29 _+ 3.30kg (n=122), respectively . Meanwhile, observations of inter-se mating of Fl-KOM showed that the weight at the first mating was 26 .7 _+ 3.82 kg (n=80), age of dam at the first lambing was 15 .7 _+ 1 .73 months (n=83), weight at post-partum was 29 .86 _+ 3 .30 kg, and litter size at the first parity was 1 .43 _+ 0.59 (n=83) . The mean of age at the first mating of KOM was around 10 .7 months. Mean of mating weight at the second parity was 28 .29 +_ 3 .51 kg (n=11), age of dam at the second lambing was 20.6 _+ 1 .99 month (n=11), post-partum weight was 26 .92 _+ 4.03 kg (n=11) and litter size was 1 .64 _+ 0.81 (n=11) . Weaning weight of Fl-KOM, F2-KOM, BC, HC and St. Croix (H) after adjusted by season, sex, age of dam and type of birth were significantly different among Fl-KOM with F2-KOM, BC, HC, and H. However, there were no significantly different among F2-KOM with BC and HC. The results of the study indicated that for improving selection respons, the corrections or adjustments of environmentally induced superiority (sex, type of birth and age of dam at lambing) for every genotype and certain generation should be conducted, in order to increase the rate of genetic improvement. Key words : Composite breed, first generation, second generatio
Continuous urea-molasses supplementation for Sumatra thin tail ewes grazing in rubber plantation : Reproductive performances.
No full textThe reproductive responses of local Sumatra ewes on the continuous urea-molasses supplementation was studied in 116 ewes for 21 months. The animals were divided into two groups and randomly allocated to urea-molasses supplement and grazing in rubber plantation or grazing in rubber plantation only (control). Both groups were allowed to graze for 8 hours a day. The urea-molasses mixture contained 3% urea (kg/kg) and were fed to the supplemented ewes ad libitum. The number of lambs born from supplemented ewes were greater than control (166 vs 114 heads). This was associated with the higher (P0.05) litter size and the shorter lambing interval of supplemented ewes compared to those of unsupplemented ewes (1.34 vs 1.24, and 216 vs 232 d, respectively). Birth weight were not different (P0.10) between the treatments (1.79 vs 1.61 kg), but weaning weight of lambs born to the supplemented ewes were greater (P0.05) than the unsupplemented ewes (8.90 vs 7.55 kg). The ewe’s weight after parturition and the weight of lambs weaned per year were also greater (P0.05) in the supplemented group compared to the control (22.7 vs 20.6 kg and 20.2 vs 15.1 kg, respectively). It was concluded that urea-molasses mixture was a good feed supplement for ewes grazing in rubber plantation. The urea-molasses supplementation clearly had positive effects on ewe and lamb productivity. Key words : Urea, molasses, ewes, reproductive performance
Improvement of feed efficiency using protected-energy in the ration of ewes
Get PDFHigh producing ewes required high amounts of energy, which can not be met through feeding conventional ration. Therefore, supplementing energy should be done, especially protected-energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of additional of protected fat/energy on the consumption of ration and the performance of ewes and lambs. Thirty-four local ewes were randomly allotted to four levels of by-pass energy groups, in which parts of energy content in the concentrate was replaced with rumen-protected fatty acids in the proportion of 0 (R1), 5 (R2), 10 (R3), and 20% (R4). Consumption, nutrient digestibility and animal performance (ewes and lambs) were determined by standard procedures. Results showed that the daily dry matter intake during pregnancy (g/kg BW0.75) did not differ among diet (72.1 + 2.56). The crude fibre intake varied slightly between treatment (P0.05), those being slightly lower intake on the highest replacement of energy content in concentrate diet (R4). Dry matter digestibility were 52.4 + 0.24, 52.1 + 0.30; 51.8 +0.28; and 51.3 + 0.81 in groups R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, which were non-significantly different from each other. These results confirmed that the by-pass energy sources replacements did not affect rumen fermentation. The same tendency was also found for crude protein digestibility (P0.05) i.e. 60.1; 61.8; 61.2; and 60.2 for R1, R2, R3, and R4 respectively. The average daily gain of ewes during gestation period was affected (P0.05) by by-pass energy replacement and the effect was linear with increasing by-pass energy replacement. Significant difference was not found in the total birth weight of lambs and among dietary treatments. Lambs growth rate during the first 8 week of lactation was the highest on ewes fed diet containing the highest amount of by-pass energy sources (R4). It can be concluded that by-pass fatty acids can be used in ewes’ ration without affecting rumen fermentation and gave a positive respons to animal performance. Key words: By-pass energy, ewes ration, gestation and lactating phas
Morphological characters of Panicum maximum cv Gatton planted from different source of sapling
Get PDFMorphological characters and agronomic information of Panicum maximum cv Gatton is required in forage crop breeding activities. Therefore a research was conducted to determine the morphology and characteristic of generative phase of Panicum maximum cv Gatton. The study was conducted in greenhouses, using a 40 cm diameter pot. The planting medium was soil from Ciawi (Latosol). Research design was Completely Randomized Design, with 10 replications. Treatments used were 2 types of planting material, 1) derived from the pols (vegetative) and 2 seeds. Plants used were Panicum maximum cv Gatton that have been collected and evaluated at the IRIAP, Ciawi. Variables measured were plant morphology, reproductive traits, seed production per panicle and seed quality. Results showes that morphological characters of cv Gatton derived from seed and pols was not significantly different (p 0.05), whereas the flowering time and the time of seeds mature after cutting derived from the seeds was faster (p 0.05) than cultivars derived from pols. While the production of seed derived from the seeds was higher (p 0.05) when compared to that derived from the pols. Key Words: Morphological Characteristics, Seed, Pols, Panicum maximu