Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Cases of aspergillosis in Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus bartelst): Isolation of the causative agents and the pathological changes of the diseas
Get PDFTwo cases of aspergillosis in Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus banelsi) from Safari Garden of Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, have been reported . Specimens of lungs, airsacs, livers, spleens, kidneys, and intestines were examined mycologically and pathologically . Mycological examination revealed in the isolation of the causative agents from lungs and airsacs, ie . Aspergillus niger from one bird, and Aspergillusfianigarus from the other one . Pathological anatomy examination showed formation of yellowish white miliary nodule lesions, especially in the lungs and airsacs, while histopathological examination showed congestion and granulomatous tissue formation in the lungs, ie . specific lesion of mycotic infection with necrotic zone in the centre, surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, fibrin, and fungal hyphae . Pathological changes of the other organs were also described . These findings were the first officially description of aspergillosis cases in these carnivorous birds
Effectiveness of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture to improve digestion of fibrous feeds
Get PDFStudies regarding the use of living microorganisms as supplement have been done in the last two decades to improve digestion process in the rumen. Many factors affect the use of the supplement, such as ration composition and physiological status of the animals. Materials used in this experiment are Aspergillus oryzae (AO) derived from ‘tauco’ (salty fermented soybean) and soybean sauce processing factories located in Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi districts (15 sources), and also AO culture collections of the Indonesian Res. Inst. for Anim. Prod. (2 strains) and one strain from Indonesian Res. Inst. for Vet. Sci. in Bogor. The fungus was first isolated in potato dextrose agar (PDA), incubated at room temp. (26-300C) for 5 days for purification. The AO from PDA then inoculated into cooked rice enriched with mineral mix, oven-dried (40-450C), then ground and kept in refrigerator as a stock culture for further use. To produce more AO (scaling-up), the culture is inoculated in two basal media, i.e. soybean meal and ‘onggok’ (tapioca processing waste) enriched with mineral mix, dried and ground, then kept in refrigerator as A. oryzae fermentation culture (AOFC). Ground-dried King grass was used for in vitro digestion trials using sheep rumen fluid, which was not supplemented (control) or supplemented with the AOFC (10% w/w) from various sources. Three best AOFC (by origin) were chosen and used for further digestion study. The study was run using 2 (media) x 3 (AOFC origin) factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design and Duncan’s MRT was applied to test differences among treatment means. Preliminary results indicated of the AOFC-SP66, -F172, and -CT4 used, the best AOFC was SP66, as it increased (P0.05) fiber (NDF) digestion (10.5% better than the control). Total VFA productions were similar, but acetate content in the rumen fluid was lowered (P0.05), while propionate and butyrate levels were alleviated (P0.05) by the AOFC-SP66. Ammonia content was not affected by addition of AOFC. No differences were detected on digestion parameters between the two media used for AO cultivation, therefore, it is suggested to use ‘onggok’ for producing AOFC in large scale. VFAs composition pattern suggests that AOFC was more suitably used for meat rather than for milk production. Key words: Fungus, King grass, digestibility, rumen flui
Detection of immunosuppression caused by Trypanosoma evansi infection and malnutrition in experimental buffaloes with skin sensitisation tests
Get PDFThe main impacts of T. evansi infection in cattle and buffaloes include weight losses, deaths, and reduction of productivity, morover immunosuppressive conditions as a result of this parasite infection are commonly found. Dinitrochlorobenzene skin contact sensitisation (DNCB), phytohaemagglutinin skin (PHA) and homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HPCA) tests have been used for diagnosis of immunosuppression in man. The purposes of these experiments were to detect immunosuppression caused by T. evansi infection and malnutrition in normal and malnutrition buffaloes. Sixteen male and female buffaloes, 12-18 months of ages were divided into 4 groups, Group1 fed with high grade of ration and infected with T. evansi, Group2 fed with high grade of ration not infected, Group3 fed with low grade of ration and infected with T. evansi, and Group4 fed with low grade of ration and not infected. Buffaloes fed with high grade of ration are assumed as normal animals, while buffaloes fed with low grade of ration are assumed as malnutrion animals. These buffaloes were kept in fly proof fences in the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Bogor. The experimental results indicated that normal buffaloes produced significantly (P0,05) wider and thicker inflammation areas in DNCB and PHA test respectively than malnutrition and T. Evansi infected buffaloes one week after T. evansi infection. The widest skin reaction of 33 + 4.7 mm2 in DCCB and the thickest skin reaction of 45 + 1,0 in PHA test was obtained in 24 hours after DNCB challenge or PHA injection. Thereafter both DNCB and PHA test showed the reduction of the skin reactions, however they were still positive in 48 hours and becoming negative in 72 hours later. PHA test was able to differenciate the intensity of either the combined effects of malnutrition and T. evansi infection, T. evansi infection, or malnutrition alone. HPCA test showed inconsistent results. Keys words : Trypanosoma evansi, immunosuppression, DNCB, PHA, HPC
Epididymal sperm quality of buffelous with Different Spotted Types
Get PDFThe significant decline of spotted buffalo population nowadays brought this species into an endangered situation. To perform an integrated conservation project, we need some basic information and data related to the reproductive and genetics potency of this buffalo. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of coat color variation to the sperm quality, in order to get focus on specific candidate gene that allegedly bring the causative mutation(s) and responsible for the different pigmentation expression. In this study, we compare the quality of fresh and frozen-thawed epididymal sperm from 12 spotted bulls (that classified in 3 different spotted types, i.e Saleko, Bonga, and Lotong Boko) with five solid bulls. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P 0.05) in all parameters of fresh and frozen-thawed epididymal sperm among those groups. The percentage of frozen-thawed progressive motility from Saleko, Bonga, Lotong Boko, and Solid was 44%, 42%, 40% and 42%, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of livability and membrane integrity of frozen-thawed sperm from each groups were 64.9%; 65.2%; 62.6%; 62.7% and 64.6%; 67.1%; 64.5%; 64.1%. In conclusion, it suggested that the coat color/phenotype difference has no effects on the quality of fresh and frozen-thawed epididymal sperm of spotted buffalo. Key Words: Epididymal Sperm, Spotted Buffal
Effects of grazing management and levels of concentrate supplementation on parasite establishment in two genotypes of lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus
Get PDFThe effects of grazing systems, levels of feed supplementation and genotypes of sheep on the establishment ofHaemonchus contortus were studied in 36 St . Croix x Sumatra crosses (HC) and 36 Sumatra (S) male lambs . The lambs were artificially infected with Haemonchus larvae (L3) at a rate of 3,000 L3 per animal and fed concentrate supplement at 0 .5% body weight (BW) or at 1 .6% BW. The animals grazed clean Brachiaria brizantha pastures . Lambs grazing GM1 (grazing system with a 6-week rotational cycle) had egg counts of 3,936 t 1 .525 at week 18, and 29% of the lambs had PCV ranging from 7 .8 to 14 .6% . Lambs in GM3 (grazing system with a 12-week grazing cycle) had egg counts of 6,714 t 2,075 at week 28, and 24%ofthe lambs had PCV ranging from 7 .9 to 13.3% At these periods, all lambs in both GMI and GM3 were dosed with anthelmintics to prevent the death of the animals . Although the overall mean egg counts (4,543 t 318) of lambs on GM2 (grazing system with a 1-week grazing and 6-week resting periods) were higher (P0 .001) than on GMI (2,944 t 325) or on GM3 (2,159 t 418), it was achieved without dosing with anthelmintics, since only I 1%ofthe Iambs in GM2ever reached PCV values less than 15%. Lambs fed supplements at 1.6%BW had lower (P0.001) egg counts and higher (P0 .001) PCV and serum protein than lambson 0.5 %BW supplement group . Egg counts and PCV values were not different (P0 .10) between HC and the S lambs when fed supplement at 0.5% BW, but on 1 .6% supplement BW group, the egg counts were lower (P0.001) in HC. It is concluded that a one-week grazing and a six- week resting system was superior than grazing systems with a 6- or 12-week rotational cycle . Improving the nutritional status of lambs by increasing the level of supplement offered could depress the establishment of Haemonchus in the Iambs . The HC and S lambs showed similar response to supplements at 0 .5% BW, but at 1 .6% BW the HC responded better than the S. Key words: Grazing management, Haemonchus contortus, feed supplement, shee
The detection of K88, K99 fimbrial antigen and enterotoxin genes of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets and calves with diarrhoea in Indonesia
Get PDFEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains cause diarrhoeal disease in piglets and calves in Indonesia. These strains possess two virulence factors namely attachment and enterotoxin antigens . These factors could be detected phenotypically and genetically. Haemolytic Escherichia coli (E coli) isolates possessing K88 fimbrial antigen associated with 0-group 108 and 149. They were positive for K88 gene and demonstrated their ability to produce heat labile enterotoxin (LT) and genetically were all positive for LT gene . Seventeen isolates ofE coli K88 which associated with 0-group 149 were positive forSTb gene, other O-serotypes were negative . Ten isolates of Ecoli K88 which associated with 0-group 108 possessed K88, K99, LT and STa genes, but negative for STb gene . However, phenotypically the K99 antigen and STa toxin were not expressed under laboratory conditions, the reason was not well understood . E. coli K99 strains isolated from calves wit h diarrhoea were all associated with 0-group 9 and produced STa toxin when tested by suckling mousse bioassay. The E. coli K99 calf isolates were all hybridized with K99 and STa gene only . It is likely that K99 gene is associated with STa gene . The DNA hybridization technique is more convenience to be used for confirmation diagnosis of colibacillosis, however, not all veterinary laboratories could perform these tests . Keywords: Excherichia coli, probe, gene detection, virulence determinan
Efficacy of micro-encapsulated of local isolate B. thuringiensis as bio-insectiside for control of myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana larvae
Get PDFB. thuringiensis produces toxic crystal proteine (-endotoksin) which is specific for insect target, but non-toxic to human or non-target organism. Local isolate of B. thuringiensis have been collected from Kediri Regency where endemic area of myiasis. The aim of this study was to formulate the micro-encapsulated of B. thuringiensis using Freund Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA) for protecting crystal in the field and enviromentally friendly. The formulae was then tested in vitro and in vivo. The result of in vitro trial towards seven local isolates of B. thuringiensis showed a decreased in the toxicity of those several isolates. In vivo trial of nine thin tail sheep using chosen isolat of 45.5A and 47.3A, resulted is no significant different for treatment sheep compared to control sheep (P 0.05). It is concluded that micro-encapsulation method need to be developed according to the way of living the C. bezziana larvae in animal tissues. Key Words: Chrysomya bezziana, Bacillus thuringiensis, Freund Incomplete Adjuvant, Micro-encapsulate
Integrity of swamp buffalo sperm on a variety of semen freezing process
Get PDFSperm of swamp buffalo bulls is easily damaged during freezing process. Acrosomal intact and plasma membrane intact is important factors in fertilization process. This experiment was aimed to study the effect of freezing method on sperm integrity. The result of experiment indicated that the mean of intact acrosomal and the intact plasma membrane for 4 hours of equilibration (52.24 ± 3.70% and 54.34 ± 4.80%) was significant higher (P0.05) than 2 hours of equilibration (39.00 ± 3.32% and 43.44 ± 4.91%) but was not significantly difference (P0.05) with 6 hours of equilibration (47.92 ± 4.51% and 51.58 ± 4.25%). There were not significance difference between one step and two step of glycerolization. The best sperm integrity was resulted by freezing method with 4 hours of equilibration and two steps glicerolization. Key words : Swamp buffalo bulls, sperm integrity, freezing proces
Fermented and unfermented palm kernel cake as broiler chicken
Get PDFfeed. Two hundred and ten, day-old broiler chicks were used for this study. They were allotted to 6 different diets containing either BIS or FBIS at 3 different levels (5, 10 and 15%) and one control diet. The results showed that 5% BIS and 5% FBIS could be used in broiler diet without adversely affecting feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. FCR of those diets were significantly (P0.05) better than the control diet. Carcass yields were not significantly affected by feeding of BIS nor FBIS. The FBIS diet produced less abdominal fat than the BIS diet. Key words : Palm kernel cake, fermentation, broiler
Studies on the survival and development of field-caught snail Lymnaea rubiginosa in the laboratory
Get PDFLymnaea rubiginosa was collected from two habitats in order to observe their survival and growth rate including their egg production, hatching time and the time they needed to reach maturity. One of the habitat is rice fields in Bogor (subdistricts of Ciomas and Ciampea) and the other is a pond in Bogor Botanical Garden. In the laboratory those snails were kept in separate aquarium and grouped according to their shell length. The result showed that the longer the snail length the shorter their survival rate and less egg production. Moreover, the snails collected from rice fields were infected with Echinostoma sp. And Chaetogaster sp., while the snails from the pond were only infected with Chaetogaster sp. The hatching time is between 10-14 days, and to reach maturity, with shell length about 1 cm, they need about 6 weeks. Key words : Lymnaea rubiginosa, survival, growth rate, fasciolosi