Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics of buffalo diets containing by-product from some sorghum varieties
Get PDFSorghum is one of potencial fibre sources as buffalo feed. Quality of sorghum could be increased by irradiation mutation breeding. Samurai 1 and Samurai 2 were products of the irradiation mutation breeding of Pahat. This study was conducted to compare buffalo diets containing Samurai 2 sorghum straw and Samurai 1 bagasse sorghum compared with Pahat sorghum straw using in vitro study. Completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications was applied in this experiment. The treatment diets were P1 (50% Pahat sorghum straw + 50% concentrate), P2 (50% Pahat sorghum straw silage + 50% concentrate), P3 (50% Samurai 2 sorghum straw + 50% concentrate), P4 (50% Samurai 2 sorghum straw silage + 50% concentrate), P5 (50% Samurai 1 sorghum bagasse + 50% concentrate) and P6 (50% Samurai 1 sorghum bagasse silage + 50% concentrate). The 200 mg DM samples of diets were incubated in 30 ml rumen-buffer fluid for 48 hours. Variables measured were total gas production, CH4 production and rumen fermentation characteristics. Results showed that P2 and P4 produce the highest of gas production (P0.05) with 60.99 and 60.86 ml/200 mg dry matter respectively. Treatments of P1, P2 and P4 produced the lowest CH4 concentration (P0.05) with 10.57, 10.90 and 9.82% of total gas, respectively. The P4 produced the highest total volatile fatty acids (VFA), dry matter degradability and organic matter degradability with 109.83 mM, 62.93% and 59.97% respectively, meanwhile ammonia (NH3) concentration was not significantly different. The conclusion showed that straw silage of Samurai 2 was comparable to the Pahat sorghum straw and Samurai 1 bagasse sorghum as buffalo diet. Key Words: Buffalo, CH4 Concentration, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, Sorghu
Newcastle Disease Virus infection study on duck and chicken in Subang district
Get PDFThe objectives of this research were to study Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) infection in Subang area and to examine the diversity of the circulating NDV. Swabs of cloacal and oropharynx, and serum were sampled from total of 393 chickens and 149 ducks in backyard farms and live bird markets located in 10 subdistricts. Screening of NDV in pool of 5-7 samples by real-time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) matrix (M) showed 19/67 (28.3%) cloacal and 8/67 (11.9%) pharyngeal pools of chicken samples; 18/67 (26.9%) of the pools excreted virus via cloaca and oropharynx, while the duck pools of 8/30 (26.7%) shed virus from cloaca. Virus isolation attempted on individual sample from positive pools yielded 18 isolates which the majority of the isolates showed homogeneous antigenic character, only some of these showed variations up to 2 Log2 with Lasota and 4 Log2 with Komarov antisera. Majority of isolates had a higher affinity to Komarov indicating their propencity to virulent strains. Pathogenicity examination using elution test showed 3 isolates virus were grouped to mesogenic strains and 15 isolates to velogenic strain, in agreement with rRT-PCR fusion results. HI test on 408 sera showed that NDV antibody was detected in 48 (12%) birds with titres ranging from 1 to 8 Log2; only about 13% of vaccinated chickens demonstrated protective antibody titre (≥3 Log2). Newcastle disease is still endemic in Subang with relatively low antigenic variation among circulating strains
Behaviour characteristics estimation tool of genetic distance between sheep breeds
Get PDFInformation on the estimation of genetic distances and differentiation among sheep breeds are needed in crossing and conservation programs. This research aims to study of utilizing behaviour characteristic variables to differentiate and estimate genetic distance between the sheep breeds. The study was conducted at Cilebut and Bogor Animal House of Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production. Five sheep breeds used were Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC), Garut Composite (KG), Garut Local (LG), Sumatera Composite (KS) and St. Croix Cross (SC), with total sample of 50 heads. A total of 10 variables of behavior traits were observed in this study. Analysis of variances and significance tests were applied to compare between sheep breeds and performed for all of behavior traits using PROC GLM of SAS Program ver. 9.0. PROC CANDISC was used for canonical discriminant analyses, the hierarchical clustering was performed using the PROC CLUSTER by Average Linkage method (Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages, UPGMA), and the dendogram for the five sheep breeds was described using PROC TREE. The differentiator variables for the behavior traits were standing and feeding duration. The canonical plotting based on behavioral characteristics could differentiate BC, KS and LG (with KG and SC) sheeps. Estimation of genetic distance based on the behavior traits is less accurate for grouping of sheep breeds
Curcumin effect on Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Mus musculus
Get PDFCurcumin, a curcuminoid compound of turmeric has been demonstrated to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Bleomycin (BLM) is an anti-cancer drug induced pulmonary fibrosis in human and animals. This study was aimed to investigate biological effects of curcumin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice (Mus musculus) through pathomorphological assessment. In this study, 16 mice ddy strain were divided into four groups, namely (i) control, mice were subcutaneously (SC) injected with 100 µl sterilized aquadest in dorsal skin, (ii) BLM group, injected SC with 100 µl of 1 mg/ml BLM in dorsal skin, (iii) Curcumin (CMN) group, mice were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) curcumin dissolved in 0,5% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and injected with 100 µl sterilized aquadest SC, (iv) BLM+CMN group, injected SC with 100 µl of BLM 1 mg/ml and injected IP with 100 mg/kg BW CMN in 0,5% CMC. All treatments were performed daily for four weeks period. The lung samples were collected and fixed in buffered neutral formalin (BNF) 10%. Histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome (MT) stains. The results showed that BLM treatment significantly increased fibrosis area and alveolar wall area fraction as compared to control. OIn the other hand, CMN treatment significantly reduced fibrosis area and alveolar wall area fraction in mice treated with BLM. In conclusion, our study showed that CMN treatment may inhibit lung fibrogenesis in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Performance of EPMp broiler duck fed various levels of lysine during starter period
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine optimal requirement of lysine of broiler EPMp ducks during starter period. The study was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four dietary treatments, four replications, and each replication consisted of 10 ducks. The treatments were: T1 (ration, with 0.70% digestible lysine); T2 (ration, with 0.85% digestible lysine); T3 (ration, with 1.00% digestible lysine); T4 (ration, with 1.15% digestible lysine). Variables measured were: feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Results showed that average body weight gain of EPMp broiler ducks was significantly affected (P0.05) by the level of lysine in the diet, but feed intake and FCR were not significantly (P0.05) affected. Mean body weight gain of EPMp broiler duck with T4 ration (1.15%) of lysine was significantly higher compared to T3 ration (1.00% of lysine), but between T4 to T1 and T2 treatmeants were not significantly different (P0.05). T3 treatment compared to T1 and T2 treatments were not significantly different (P0.05). There is a pattern of decreasing feed consumption and FCR by increasing content of lysine in the diet, protein and lysine consumption during the starter period. It is concluded that administration of digested lysine at 0.70 and 0.85%, protein and metabolized energy respectively by 18% and 2800 kcal/kg EM in feed were considered sufficient to generate performance (feed consumption, body weight gain and FCR) of EPMp broiler ducks in starter period
Productivity of Calliandra calothyrsus, Indigofera zollingeriana and Gliricidia sepium on acid soil in the greenhouse
Get PDFAcid soil which contains Al3+ and Mn2 is generally unfavorable for crop including the tree legumes. The minerals are toxic to the plants resulted minimalization of growth and crop production. Caliandra calothyrsus, Indigofera zollingeriana, and Gliricidia sepium were tree legumes those are generally used for forage. The aim of this study was to compare their tolerancy to Al3+ and growth production on acid soil. The plants were grown in ultisol soil with 4.57 of pH collected from Palm Oil plantation, Sei-Putih, Medan. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD) with kind of plants as the treatment and 12 times replication. The data were analyzed by ANOVA using the SPSS and excel program, followed by LSD test when the data was significantly difference. Variables measured were plant morphology, concentration of Al 3+ in the plant tissues, plant height, stem diameter, number of stem branches, root length, plant production, nutrient content, energy and in vitro digestibility. The highest Al 3+ contents in leaves, stem and root were significantly observed in those G. sepium, while the lowest contents was observed from those of I. zollingeriana. G. sepium was the most dwarf plant and its stem diameter was comparable with the one of C. calothyrsus, but was lower than that of I. zollingeriana. The highest number of branches was significantly observed in I. zollingeriana, while the lowest one was at G. sepium. The root length of C. calothyrsus was comparable with that of I. zollingeriana, while G. sepium root was the shorthest one. Root nodulation was only formed at I. zollingeriana. The highest biomass production was observed at I. zollingeriana which also had highest protein content and the best digestibility. Data from Al3 + concentration in tissues of leaves, stems and roots showed that I. zollingeriana was the most tolerant plant to acid soils. This tolerancy also affected higher plant growth, biomass production, nutrient concentration, and digestibility
Microencapsulation of bull spermatozoa: Its viability in alginate-egg yolk media
Get PDFMicroencapsulation of spermatozoa is a process to entrap a number of spermatozoa in microcapsule. Alginate, as a natural polymer polysaccharide is commonly used in cell microencapsulation. Tris Yolk Citrate buffer is a good buffer for spermatozoa dilution, therefore this experiment aimed to determine optimal concentration of alginate and egg yolk to sperm quality in bull spermatozoa microencapsulation. Concentration of egg yolk and alginate in media of encapsulation were determined in applications of sperm microencapsulation. Four bulls were used as semen source and only semen with good quality were used in this study. Poolled semen was diluted using the medium to get final concentration 100 x 106 cell/ ml. The first study was conducted to determine the effect of concentration of alginate (0, 1, and 1.5%) on viability of spermatozoa. The second study to determine the effect of alginate concentration, egg yolk and its interaction was done by comparing two levels of alginate (1 and 1.5%) with four levels of egg yolk (5, 10, 15 and 20%). Viability of spermatozoa, motility (M), live spermatozoa (L) and Intact Apical Ridge (IAR) were observed at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h incubation at room temperature. Results indicated that alginate concentration increased the osmolality and viscosity but did not affect pH of the medium. The osmolality and viscosity of medium were 275, 325, 425 and 1.12, 26.62, 47.98 for concentration of alginate 0, 1 and 1.5% respectively. Percentage of motility is significantly lower (P0.05) in alginate medium than those of control, and 1.5% alginate could produce more uniform beads. Concentration of alginate, egg yolk and its interaction did not significantly affect viability of sperm. It is concluded that the combination of 1.5% alginate with 5, 10, 15 or 20% egg yolk can be used as media for sperm encapsulation
Voice characteristics of some sheep: Utilization to estimation of genetic distance
Get PDFSound analysis has been carried out in various activities including identification and differentiation of species as well as the preparation of the taxonomy of some animals’ species because of several advantages, including no need to capture or too close to the subject observed. Analysis of voice used to differentiate and to estimate of breeds’ sheep genetic distance has not been reported. This research was conducted to study the character of a few breeds’ sheep sound and likely to be used as a predictor of genetic distance between breeds of sheep. The study was conducted in the Animal House at Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor. A total of 20 head adult of five sheeps (St. Croix cross / SC, Barbados Black Belly cross / BC, Local Garut/LG, Composite Garut / KG and Composites Sumatra / KS) used in this study. Call sound recorded using a digital voice recorder. Sound analysis performed by Raven Software Pro 1.3 for Windows to count as many as 24 variables sound. Analysis of variance of each variable sound was performed using PROC GLM of SAS software Ver. 9.0. It used PROC CANDISC for canonical discriminant analysis and then PROC TREE to build a dendogram. The results showed that there were variations in amplitude, energy, power and frequency variables among the five breeds of sheep. By plotting canonical, LG, KS and BC sheep were from a different group. It was concluded that the sound characteristics variables which can be used as a differentiator breeds of sheep were the third quartile frequency, center frequency, maximum frequency and the first quartile time. Dendogram showed that KG sheep was in the less accurate group. Genetic distance estimation method using voice characteristic data may be applied on sheep. Key Words: Characteristics, Call Voice, Differentiation, Genetic Distance, Shee
Substitutions of soybean meal with enriched palm kernel meal in laying hens diet
Get PDFA series of experiment was conducted in order to substitute soybean meal (SBM) with palm kernel cake (PKC) as a protein source in laying hens diet. First experiment was to increase its protein and amino acids content by fermentation process and followed by enzymes supplementation to improve nutrient digestibilities. Second experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of enzyme- supplemented fermented palm kernel cake (EFPKC) to replace SBM in laying hens diet. The energy (AME) of the PKC, the fermented PKC (FPKC) and the EFPKC was measured by ileal amino acids digestibility (IAAD) in broilers. The AME and the IAAD values of the EFPKC were used for diet formulation in the feeding trial. A feeding trial was performed in laying hens, aged 51 weeks for 8 weeks egg production. Five diets with different levels of substitution of SBM with EFPKC but similar nutrient contents were formulated, i.e.: 1. Control (without EFPKC), 2. 25% of SBM in control diet substituted with EFPKC, 3. 50% of SBM in control diet substituted with EFPKC, 4. 75% of SBM in control diet substituted with EFPKC and 5. 100% of SBM in control diet substituted with EFPKC. Each diet was fed to 24 hens (6 replicates of 4 birds/ replicate). Results of the experiment showed that the fermentation of PKC increased the crude protein and most of the amino acids contents except the threonine and arginine, but decreased its AME. Supplementation of enzymes (BS4 or CE) improved the ileal amino acid digestibilities of the fermented PKC. However, only BS4 enzymes increased the AME of the EFPKC. About 25% to 50% of the SBM in the diet could be substituted with the EFPKC without any detrimental effect on the performances of laying hens
Seroprevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype clade 2.3.2 on ducks and muscouvy ducks in small holders farm
Get PDFSeroprevalence studies of HPAI H5 subtype in ducks and muscouvy duck in smallholders farm was carried out in Serang and Tangerang District, Banten Province. The study comprised a serological survey to define the distribution and prevalence of HPAI H5 subtype infection on ducks and muscouvy ducks as well as attempted isolation of the virus from these species. Unit of sample in each stage was randomly choosen by multy stage random sample. Blood samples were taken from ducks and muscouvy ducks that had never been vaccinated, purposively. Sera were tested using Haemaglutination Inhibition Test, antigen H5N1 (clade 2.3.2), while the cloaca and trachea swab samples was injected into specific pathogens free (SPF) embryonated 9-11 days old, to isolate the virus. Results showed that H5 subtype virus could be isolated from tracheal swabs of ducks in the various age groups. The seroprevalence of H5 subtype virus in Banten Province was 25.5%, in which, 24.3% occured in ducks and in muscouvy duck in the rate of 1.2%, with titer HI positive was 3log2. Based on species, seroprevalence level HPAI H5 subtype in ducks was 3-4 times higher than the level of seroprevalence of HPAI H5 subtype in muscouvy duck, which indicated that the H5 subtype virus more likely to circulate in the ducks flock than in muscouvy duck. This study noted that both muscouvy duck and ducks appeared to play a significant role in the epidemiology of the disease