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REVIEW OF Katharina Martin, Martin Mulsow and Johannes Wienand (eds.), Universitäre Münzsammlungen im deutschprachigen Raum. Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft. Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlage / Brill, 2025. ISBN 978-3-525-30608-6 (hardback), 978-3-666-30608-2 (E-book). 764 pp., 233 col. illus. €95 (hardback), and open access at https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/105033
No full textInterface dynamics in a degenerate Cahn–Hilliard model for viscoelastic phase separation
No full textThe formal sharp-interface asymptotics in a degenerate Cahn–Hilliard model for viscoelastic phase separation with cross-diffusive coupling to a bulk stress variable are shown to lead to non-local lower-order counterparts of the classical surface diffusion flow. The diffuse-interface model is a variant of the Zhou–Zhang–E model and has an Onsager gradient-flow structure with a rank-deficient mobility matrix reflecting the ODE character of stress relaxation. In the case of constant coupling, we find that the evolution of the zero level set of the order parameter approximates the so-called intermediate surface diffusion flow. For non-constant coupling functions monotonically connecting the two phases, our asymptotic analysis leads to a new family of third-order evolution laws with associated propagation operators behaving, at leading order, like the square root of the minus Laplace–Beltrami operator. In this case, the normal velocity of the moving sharp interface arises as the Lagrange multiplier in a constrained elliptic equation, which is at the core of our derivation. The constrained elliptic problem can be solved rigorously by a variational argument, and is shown to encode the gradient structure of the effective geometric evolution law. The asymptotics are presented for deep quench, an intermediate free boundary problem based on the double-obstacle potential
Evolution of the Source Mineralogy and Lithospheric Controls on Magmatism During the Northeast Atlantic Continental Breakup
Get PDFPlain Language Summary: The mid‐Norwegian Margin is part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province, a region that experienced intense volcanic activity during the opening of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean ∼56 Ma. Scientists have long debated why so much magma was emplaced in this area—was it due to an exceptionally hot mantle, or did other geological processes play a role? Using basalts collected during the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 396 on the Vøring Margin, offshore Norway, we show that instead of extreme heat, the excess magmatism was primarily triggered by thinning of the lithosphere assisted by moderately elevated mantle temperatures. This work advances our general understanding of how continents break apart and how volcanic margins form
Benefits and barriers: a rapid-ethnographic study on the perspectives of potential and actual clients of Athens’ drug consumption room
Get PDFBackground: In April 2022, a new Drug Consumption Room (DCR) opened in Athens’ city centre. To date, no qualitative research has evaluated the operational strengths and weaknesses of the site from the viewpoint of people who use drugs locally, including those who use the DCR and those who use in street-based settings who do not access the DCR. Methods: Rapid-ethnographic fieldwork was conducted over a seven-week period. This comprised an initial five-week period of non-participant observation (≈ 200 h) followed by a community consultation regarding the research design and question protocols. Qualitative data were then collected through five focus groups with 24 regular DCR clients and 25 street-based interviews with non-DCR clients who consume drugs in street-based settings. Results: Regular DCR clients reported increased physical, structural, and emotional safety and increased connection with auxiliary health and social services and staff and peers. Those who did not use the facility could see potential benefits but noted several operational and contextual barriers including anticipated stigma within the service and contextual and operational barriers. Conclusion: Addressing DCR barriers could increase service access, reduce the presence and visibility of street-based drug use, and improve public health outcomes for people who use drugs in Athens. Indeed, some of these barriers have been addressed since the research was conducted (e.g. by expanding operating hours, increasing the number of staff with lived experience, offering on-site drug checking), illustrating the value of evaluating DCRs and subsequently adapting design and delivery based on the perspectives of actual and potential clients
The use of WHONET for antimicrobial resistance surveillance: a systematic review
Get PDFAntimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. Several surveillance systems/networks were established to provide critical data to detect resistance patterns, guide treatments, and inform policies to mitigate AMR’s public health impact. WHONET software was developed in 1989 as a free software that manages and analyses microbiology laboratory data, entirely dedicated to antimicrobial susceptibility test results. A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, from their inception until December 31st, 2024. It included all articles that reported using WHONET. From the initial 4,636 articles retrieved, 511 were included. Most studies were cross-sectional or prevalence studies (72.4%), with the majority utilizing secondary data sources (83.2%). Articles included data from 110 countries, with the highest amount coming from China, and the number of publications increased over time. Additionally, most articles included data from 2 to 3 years before publication. Of the 2160 organisms examined across the studies, Enterobacterales (43.8%), Staphylococcus spp. (12.5%) and Pseudomonas spp. (9.3%) were the most covered microorganisms. In conclusion, the review highlights the growing interest in WHONET and AMR. WHONET’s ability to leverage routine and secondary data for AMR monitoring is advantageous compared to other systems. However, expanding WHONET’s application and integrating advanced analytics are essential for enhancing its role in a comprehensive One Health approach to combat AMR, particularly in LMICs
Chemical staining for fundamental studies and optimization of binders in Li-ion battery negative electrodes
Get PDFThe spatial distribution of binders in Li-ion battery electrodes is critical to electrode performance, yet remains challenging to visualise, limiting binder optimisation efforts to chemical modifications rather than spatial control. Here, we show an accessible approach to staining carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene butadiene rubber binders in graphitic and Si-based Li-ion electrodes with silver and bromine, enabling detailed electron imaging and precise spectroscopic quantification of the binder domain. Leveraging these methods, we perform binder-informed optimisation of electrode manufacturing, achieving a 14% reduction in electronic resistivity, suppression of binder migration during high-temperature electrode drying, and a 40% decrease in electrode ionic resistance. Furthermore, staining enables electrode-scale, high-resolution backscattered electron imaging of complex binder hierarchies, revealing multiple types of agglomerates and elusive nanoscale binder films. These films completely coat graphitic surfaces in pristine electrodes but shatter into highly inhomogeneous fragments after calendering in both research-grade and commercial electrodes, presenting new perspectives on interpreting common cycling stability and electrode performance issues. We show how binder staining can advance fundamental understanding, quality control and manufacturing optimisation of Li-ion electrodes, particularly those based on widely used water-processable binders
CMS subtypes correlate with complete response in trial of neoadjuvant Galunisertib plus chemoradiation in rectal cancer
Get PDFImproving responses to neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer has the potential to improve organ preservation and disease-free survival. Knowing which patients may need therapeutic escalation or de-escalation from standard-of-care treatment remains an area of investigation. We previously reported the primary and secondary endpoints of our single-arm study combining transforming growth factor beta receptor inhibitor, Galunisertib, with neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Here we analyze RNA sequencing data obtained from tissue biopsies at baseline and after 2 weeks of galunisertib. Differences in expression of genes associated with MYC, inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were observed between complete responders (CR) an
Long non-coding RNAs in response to Ebola virus vaccine-induced immunity
Get PDFLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, yet their role in shaping human responses to vaccination remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data from three independent human cohorts vaccinated with the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine to profile lncRNA expression dynamics. Using differential expression analysis and correlation meta-analysis across cohorts, we identified an expression signature with several lncRNAs, including
LEF1-AS1
and
DOCK8-AS1
, that exhibit conserved transcriptional activation following vaccination. Correlation of lncRNA expression with gene targets and IgG titers revealed putative roles for lncRNAs in regulating and/or participate in both innate immune responses and adaptive antibody production. Functional enrichment of lncRNA co-expressed protein-coding genes highlighted involvement in T-cell differentiation, interferon signaling, and leukocyte activation. Integrating global run-on sequencing data and comparative transcriptomic analysis across other vaccine studies suggests that
LEF1-AS1
modulation is distinctively associated with Ebola vaccination. Our findings demonstrate that lncRNAs are potential integral components of the human vaccine response and provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies targeting noncoding RNA regulation of immunity
“O filthy grandeur! O sublime disgrace!”: the semiotics of desire in the works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Siddal and Marie Spartali
Get PDFThis thesis explores the presentation of desire in the interdisciplinary, intertextual works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Siddal and Marie Spartali Stillman. It argues that, despite considerable differences in approach, all three artists express a profound desire for something that lies beyond the scope of their means. For Rossetti, erotic gratification becomes interchangeable with a search for divinity, his double works expressing cosmic revelation through orgasm. For Siddal and Spartali, othered subjectivities seek self-expression in a representational framework that disenfranchises them in both a real and a symbolic sense, necessitating oblique, ironic, and sometimes difficult presentations of consciousness that become defined by their own indeterminacy. Lateral allusion is utilised by all three, unifying lack and abundance, rupture and absorption, to reference an unrepresentable kernel of reality-adjacent knowledge which is detectable, highly evocative, and always just out of reach.The first chapter examines each artist’s use of the transgressive body. The second considers delimited physical and conceptual environments which contain that body. The third looks at the subject’s oscillating position between intersecting states of ‘in between’ and their nullifying consequences on the psyche. The fourth considers the artists’ attempts to transcend semiotic boundaries, adopting the philosophy of sublime aesthetics as a lens to consider how each obliquely signals an experience that sits outside of the known system of signs. Potential interrelations between the works of Rossetti and Siddal, and Rossetti and Spartali Stillman, are explored throughout, while proposing an approach to the female artists that considers them talented and estimable artists in their own right
