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Willingness to Donate and Preferences of Zoos/Safari Parks Visitors Toward Endangered Mammals Conservation
Get PDFA person may contribute to the conservation of species through donations. The willingness to donate (WTD) to conserve endangered species can depend on many factors. This research aims to determine the willingness of visitors to Indonesia\u27s zoos and safari parks to make a donation for species conservation and identify the determinants of their WTD through preferences toward certain species. This research focused on 12 priority endangered mammals. The study began with a preliminary survey of 110 respondents in January 2020, followed by data collection in February 2020 involving 1011 adult visitors to zoos and safari parks in Java and Bali. Specifically, descriptive statistics in the form of percentages ere used to analyze the influence of preferences toward species conservation and amount of donation while considering individual characteristics such as gender, age, place of residence, occupation, and level of education. Our results confirmed that mammals, mega-herbivores and large carnivores are very popular among young adult visitors. Overall, the results demonstrated that visitors placed rhino, elephant and tiger as the three priority species to be conserved in terms of donation given. It is clear that these three charismatic species have a very high conservation value in the eyes of the people. Furthermore, the characteristics of species and the knowledge and psychological preferences of the visitors can contribute to the determination of the preference for the number of donations to certain wildlife species.
Key words: charismatic species, conservation institutions, demographic characteristics, Indonesia, primat
ANALYSIS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EX-MINING SOIL AFTER 5 YEARS AND 10 YEARS OF REVEGETATION
Get PDFOpen-pit mining has affected landscapes and ecosystem balances immensely. The effects are including altered soil surface, decreased soil productivity, soil compaction, erosion and sedimentation, declined biodiversity, as well as deteriorated hydrological, hydrogeological, and atmospheric function of the surrounding area. Reclamation is one of the environmental restoration efforts that could be taken to improve these conditions. Physical and chemical properties of soil are the indicators of soil damage level as well as the success indicator of the reclamation program. This study aims to analyze the changes in post-mining soil characteristics after 5 years and 10 years of revegetation. The sample was selected by the purposive sampling method based on the age of plants and the vegetation density. The physical properties of post-coal soil after 5 years of revegetation are characterized by high soil acidity, low in organic matter (OM)/soil organic carbon (SOC), very low total N (nitrogen), moderate P availability, extremely high K2O, and moderate CEC. Whilst, the post-coal mining soil after 10 years of revegetation is found to be acidic (low pH), with moderate SOC, low total N, low P, very high K2O, and moderate CEC. Heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Al) contents in ex-coal mining reclamation area after 5 years and 10 years revegetation found to be in the high category.
Key words: post-mining land, revegetation, soil characteristic
FLOWERING AND FRUITING CYCLE OF Cinnamomum sintoc Blume IN LOWLAND FOREST OF CIREMAI MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA AND THE IMPLICATION FOR CONSERVATION
Get PDFCinnamomum sintoc Blume is an endangered species experiencing an ongoing decline due to overharvesting; in- and ex-situ conservation efforts are urgently needed to ensure its survival. We performed a detailed assessment of the flowering and fruiting phenology of C. sintoc in a lowland forest in West Java, Indonesia. We aimed to relate the duration of each phenological phase to environmental factors including elevation, humidity, temperature, and slope, as well as the orientation of the flowers. A total of 30 trees were sampled from three elevation ranges (500–700, 700–900, and 900–1,100 m). We found that C. sintoc requires approximately 40 days to complete flowering and an additional 82 days to produce mature fruit. The period from flower initiation to fruit ripening spans 4 months, from late July to early November. Flowers that are east-facing developed mature fruit more rapidly than those facing other directions, and the shortest flowering and fruiting phenological period was observed for east-facing flowers at 700–900 m. These results provide a baseline for studying phenological shifts in C. sintoc, and could inform seed harvesting efforts for conservation projects in the study area of Gunung Cermai National Park.
Key words: Bintangkot, declining population, Endangered species, Lauraceae, phenology
 
TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, KAMPUNG BLEKOK, SITUBONDO
Get PDFBlekok tourism village has become an ecotourism-based mangrove conservation area based on Situbondo Regent Regulation No. 13 of 2017. In less than 30 years, the mangrove forest has decreased by 50% this is due to the rapid population growth and lack of information from the community around the mangrove forest area. Decreasing the quality and quantity of mangroves can have an impact on the survival of the surrounding community and ecosystems that have been formed previously, so calculations are needed as a reference in the use of environmental services in the mangrove forest area. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of direct, indirect and optional economic benefits and to determine the value of the total economic benefits of the mangrove ecosystem economy. The method used was observation and interviews as primary data and literature studies as secondary data. The results obtained are the value of direct benefits of IDR. 681.284.900,00 per year obtained from the catch of crabs and ecotourism. The value of indirect use is obtained as much as IDR. 87.336.000,00 per year which is obtained from catching fish and making breakwaters. The value of choice is IDR. 1,399,923.00 (1 USD= IDR. 14.814,00. The total economic value generated by the mangrove forest area of Kampung Blekok is IDR. 1.027.904.350,00 per year.
Keywords: Blekok Village, economy, mangrove fores
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Get PDFScholars has emphasized that community involvement are an important factor in achieving sustainable tourism goals, including community empowerment. The study purpose is to identify community perception of social empowerment resulted from tourism development, to analyze the community involvement in tourism development and to analyze the relationship between community involvement and perceptions related to social empowerment in tourism development. The method employ in this research was a quantitative approach (i.e., household survey). The result showed that majority respondents have a positive perception related social empowerment indicators, including conflict in the area. Community involvement in tourism industry and decision-making process could enhance respondents’ perceptions toward social empowerment indicators. It can be seen from the percentage of the respondents who has positive perception is higher than those who do not involve in tourism industry or decision-making process. The interesting finding is, however, despite the limited resources due to island condition and the ethnic composition that dominate by certain ethnic group, the conflict occurs in the area seems to be low. Since more respondent are disagree if tourism in their area increase the conflict.
Key words: community involvement, decision-making process, tourism industr
UNDERSTANDING LOCAL COMMUNITIES PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE CONSERVATION OF THE ENDEMIC MOLUCCAN MEGAPODE (Eulipoa wallacei) ON HARUKU ISLAND, INDONESIA
Get PDFAssessment of conservation community perceptions has been an important aspect of wild species research. Harvesting the eggs of Moluccan megapodes has implications for the preservation of bird populations. This study aims to assess the perceptions of local communities living near bird nesting sites regarding the conservation of the endemic Moluccan megapodes (Eulipoa wallacei). The survey was conducted on 200 respondents from the productive age group (aged 15 to 65) using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique with a closed-ended questionnaire. The Likert scale was used to analyze perception data. Research findings indicated that the majority of the community supported the practice of harvesting eggs, even though they were aware that the birds were protected species. Community perceptions of conservation only focused on adult birds and their habitat rather than conserving bird eggs. Therefore, the perceptions of egg conservation must be considered when developing an effective conservation program. It was recommended to design a conservation program to increase local people’s awareness of the importance of Moluccan megapode conservation through sustainable egg harvesting
ANALYSIS OF THE SUITABILITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF MANGROVE ECOTOURISM DUALAUS VILLAGE BELU REGENCY EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
Get PDFEcotourism is a form of tourism that contains conservation principles. The establishment of mangrove areas in Dualaus Village for ecotourism activities is the right strategy for ecosystem sustainability because it is ecologically and economically beneficial for the local community. However, efforts as an ecotourism area require an assessment of the suitability of ecotourism and the carrying capacity of the area. The purpose of this study is
to assess the suitability of ecotourism and physical carrying capacity, so it can be used as a guideline for mangrove ecotourism management policies. Data collection is done through surveys and observations. Data are analyzed spatially with a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach that refers to the mangrove ecotourism suitability matrix. Furthermore, it proceeds with an assessment of the carrying capacity of the area to determine the number of visitors that can be accommodated. The results show that the ecotourism suitability index at the research site is a suitable category of 23.5 hectares, consisting of ESI 82.33% covering 15.5 ha and ESI 69.67% covering 8 ha. While an area of 5 ha is categorized as conditionally suitable with an ESI of 44.67%. Based on physical conditions, the carrying capacity for tracking activities is of 45 people/day, fishing of 199
people/day, picnicking of 158 people/day, and bird watching of 9 people/day. The total calculation of the carrying capacity of the ecotourism area is 459 people/day. Meanwhile, the real conditions in the field show 260 people/day. This informs that the number of tourists in the Dualaus Village ecotourism area does not exceed the maximum threshold. With this concept, it will be able to reduce the occurrence of damage to natural resources
and the environment
Population Monitoring of Javan Leopard and Javan Gibbon in Potential Areas in Mount Halimun Salak National Park
Get PDFMount Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP) is one of tropical forest area in West Java which has the potential for a high diversity of flora and fauna species. One of them is an important habitat for the Javan leopard and Javan gibbon. This study aims to analyze the population density of the Javan leopard and Javan gibbon. Based on the result of this study information on the population condition of the Javan leopard and Javan gibbon in MHSNP. The data collection was conducted in February – April 2021 in Cikaniki area, Citalahab, corridor, and MHSNP Star Energy by installing camera traps and line transect method. The results of the camera trap installation could detected 12 types of mammals and 5 species of birds. There are four Javan leopard identified in this study with a sex ratio of 3 males and 1 famale (3:1) and only had one age class (adult). The estimated density of the Javan leopard by SECR is 11,19 ind/100km2. There were at least 11 javan leopards in an area 100 km2. The population density of javan gibbon in Cikaniki is 26,67 ind/km2, Citalahab is 16,67 ind/km2, and Star Energy is 8,33 ind/km2
THE DEVELOPMENT POLICY STRATEGY OF THE MANDALIKA TOURISM SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, LOMBOK
Get PDFThe development of the Mandalika Tourism Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is still running. Fluctuated economic and politic condition is in line with the changing national situation regarding policies of this SEZ. Being a new magnet of tourism, The Mandalika SEZ has demonstrated its role for coastal areas development in West Nusa Tenggara province. The sustainable development of this SEZ in the future are highly influenced by numerous action scenarios setting by stakeholders in multiple different layers. This research was aimed at analyzing a sustainable policy strategy for the Mandalika SEZ development in Central Lombok, Indonesia. It was conducted on October 2019 to March 2020. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and field observation. The MULTIPOL (a multicriteria-based policy analysis software) was used in seeking sundry possible implemented scenarios, policies, and actions. This research focused on establishing three scenarios, five policies, seven actions, and eleven evaluative criteria in analyzing the sustainability of the Mandalika Tourism SEZ. These numbers of scenarios, policies, actions, and criteria are established based on this research. The results of this research indicate the development of Mandalika Tourism SEZ currently can be conducted by integrating investment and local capacity empowerment (Blend-Based Scenario). The range values of this scenario starting from 12.2 (local-entrepreneurship policy) to 14.2 (man-made policy). This scenario accommodates policies both, developing local potency policies (local-entrepreneurship, and culture-tourism) and policies possibly opening investment (man-made, transportation-infrastructure, and adoption of information-communication-technology). The attention on balancing programs on either investment or empowering local capacity needs to be looked after by stakeholders in multi-level institutions.
Key words: Policy, Strategy, MULTIPOL, Mandalika SEZ, Touris
ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE MOLUCCAN ECLECTUS BASED ON MARKET PRICE AND MAINTENANCE COST APPROACH
Get PDFIllegal wildlife trade is a criminal act of enormous value, almost equivalent to drug trafficking. One species vulnerable to being traded illegally is the moluccan eclectus which has a high number of enthusiasts. Law enforcement in cases of illegal wildlife trade in Indonesia is difficult because there is no standardization in calculating the economic value of wild animals. The economic valuation approach is one approach in quantifying the economic value of wildlife. This study aims to analyze the economic value of moluccan eclectus based on the market price approach, analyze the economic value of moluccan eclectus based on the maintenance cost approach, and compare the two approaches in the economic valuation of moluccan eclectus. Data were collected by two methods, namely literature study and interviews. The literature study collects data in the form of moluccan eclectus market prices circulating in the domestic and international markets. Meanwhile, interviews were conducted with managers of conservation institutions at Siantar Zoo, Medan Zoo, Tasikoki Animal Rescue Center (PPS) Manado, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Bird Park in Jakarta, Kekewang Zoo in North Sulawesi, and Andy Hoo Captivity in East Java to obtain data on maintenance cost. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the economic value of moluccan eclectus based on the market price approach reached IDR 16,138,820/individual. Meanwhile, based on the maintenance cost approach, the economic value of moluccan eclectus reaches IDR 6,313,333/individual. Based on the accuracy of the results, both approaches have the same level of accuracy. Meanwhile, based on the effectiveness and cost-efficient aspects of data collection and analysis, the market price approach is relatively better than the maintenance cost approach.
Key words: Economic valuation, illegal wildlife trade, moluccan eclectu