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UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION OF Nepenthes ampullaria Jack IN THE TRADITION OF KENDURI SKO COMMUNITY OF KERINCI, JAMBI
Get PDFIt is common for ethnic Malay in Indonesia and Malaysia to use Nepenthes ampullaria as food containers. However, the use of Nepenthes as part of a cultural tradition has been found only in Kerinci Regency, Jambi. This study explores the local wisdom in utilizing and maintaining the presence of N. ampullaria in Kerinci. Data collection through open-ended and deep interviews through participatory observation methods. Data analysis and presentation are delivered descriptively. Lemang is a compulsory item to be served in traditional ceremonies of kenduri sko. There are two types of lemang in Kerinci, lemang bamboo and lemang kancung beruk. The latter is found only during the kenduri sko tradition in Kecamatan Gunung Raya and Bukit Kerman. Therefore, the existence of lemang kancung beruk in these two sub-districts has become obligatory and has no other comparable substitute. In Gunung Raya and Bukit Kerman, the Kenduri sko is held four times a year. The need for N. ampullaria for kenduri sko in these two sub-districts is enormous. For the event, each household needs at least 500 to 2000 pitchers of N. ampullaria. The people of Kerinci harvest N. ampullaria directly from the wild to fulfill the need. The population of N. ampullaria that still survives in its natural habitat is evidence of the success of the local community in maintaining the existence of N. ampullaria in Kerinci. Method and schedule arrangements can allow the population of N. ampullaria to recover.
Key words: Nepenthes, Kenduri sko, Lemang kancung beru
The PREY COMPOSITION OF Nepenthes gymnamphora Reinw. Ex Nees AT MOUNT BISMO, DERODUWUR HIKING TRAIL, WONOSOBO, CENTRAL JAVA
No full textNepenthes gymnamphora (kantong semar, palaeotropic pitcher plant) is a carnivorous plant that spreads across the mountains of Java, one of which is on Mount Bismo, Dieng Mountains, Central Java. The prey composition N. gymnamphora here has not been studied before. The purpose of this study was to identify the composition of prey of N. gymnamphora in the Deroduwur Hiking Trail, Mount Bismo, Wonosobo, Central Java. The method used is the identification of prey in the pitcher that has been opened, both the upper and lower pitcher types. The main prey of N. gymnamphora are invertebrates from the ordo of Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Diptera, Araneae, and Diplura. Based on the prey composition analysis, there was a tendency of pitcher dimorphism, namely the upper pitcher of N. gymnamphora tended to contain flying invertebrates, while the lower pitcher tended to contain terrestrial invertebrates. This is influenced by the morphology of the pitcher, the upper pitcher tends to be lighter in color than the lower pitcher so that it is more attractive to fly invertebrates. In addition, the pitcher of N. gymnamphora provides a microhabitat for the larvae of Culicidae and Syrphidae.
Keywords: carnivorous plants, Mount Bismo, Nepenthes gymnamphora, prey composition
Ethnomedicinal Exploration of Medicinal Plant in Cihanjuang Village, Pandeglang-Banten for Curing Stomacache
Get PDFBiodiversity in Indonesia is the second highest in the world, the medicinal plants are included in it that must be preserved because of their great benefits for a human being life. Ethnomedicine exploration is a bright way that can be done to record and preserve the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Indonesia. The society in Cihanjuang Village still use medicinal plants to treat digestive disorders, but the lack of documentation will eliminate this knowledge in the future. This ethnomedicine study aims to determine plants which used as diarrhea and ulcer drugs in Cihanjuang Village, consisting of the name, the plant part used, the research method used, and identification of the secondary metabolites. The research methodology used are interview methods with questionnaires, observation, documentation, calculation of Use Value (UV) analysis and phytochemical screening. The informant selection technique used purposive and snowball sampling. The result of this study was the discovery of 24 species of medicinal plants to treat digestive disorders in Cihanjuang Village, most of which belonged to the family of Zingiberaceae and the leaves were the most widely used. The highest of UV’s value for diarrhea is Salak plants (Salacca zalacca) and for ulcers is Hanjuang (Dracaena sanderiana). Some of the species tested for phytochemical screening showed various secondary metabolites that were efficacious in treating digestive disorders. Areuy tulungpung is one of the species that can be studied further due to lack of information as a medicinal plant for digestive disorders
The THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN KOMODO NATIONAL PARK AND THE SURROUNDING AREA
No full textThe Komodo National Park in the Wallacea region is the komodo dragon’s primary habitats. Published report on the herpetofauna of this national park is mostly concentrated in Komodo island. To increase our knowledge of amphibian and reptile communities in Komodo National Park, we conducted a herpetofauna survey in Komodo and Rinca Island and the nearby coastal area to assess diversity and community similarity and developed a complete checklist of the herpetofauna of Komodo National Park. We conducted a Visual Encounter Survey and put glue traps from February-April 2018 at six locations on Komodo Island (Loh Liang, Loh Wau dan Komodo Village) and Rinca Island (Loh Buaya, Loh Baru, and Rinca Village); and three locations on coastal areas of Flores (Labuan Bajo and Cumbi Village) and coastal area of Sumbawa (Sape) adjacent to Komodo National Park. We found seven species of amphibians and 22 species of reptiles and, however, only two species of amphibians and 18 species of reptiles were found in Komodo and Rinca Island. The highest diversity (H’ = 2.14) is in Loh Buaya (Rinca Island), and the highest evenness (E=0.58) is in Loh Baru (Rinca Island). The highest similarity occurs between Komodo Island and Rinca Island (IS = 0.8). Using data from other research, we have compiled a list of four species of amphibians and 39 species of reptiles occurring at three main islands of Komodo National Park: Komodo island, Rinca Island and Padar Island.
Keywords: Herpetofauna diversity, Komodo National Park, Lesser Sunda Island
STAKEHOLDERS ROLE FOR DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF SUGAR PALM IN KEKAIT VILLAGE, WEST LOMBOK, WEST NUSA TENGGARA
Get PDFIndonesian sugar palm farmers progress up to date indicates less encouraging condition. In the last decade, sugar palm farmers faced thorough, complex problems from top to bottom. These complex problems could not be solved by the sugar palm farmers alone. It requires stakeholders’ role to work together to solve them. This study aims to assess which stakeholders and how their role plays in the sustainable utilization of sugar palm. The study successfully identified 15 stakeholders interested in sugar palm utilization. Sugar palm farmers had high interest in the effort to develop sustainable sugar palm utilization. The interest of sugar palm farmers in Kekait Village was generally affected by strong bond against the local culture which was still being practiced. The Department of Agriculture of West Lombok Regency had a level of influence by 16 points. The high level of influence was determined by the authority of the juridical attached to the Department of Agriculture. The authority covered coaching, mentoring, supervision and provision of assistance. The results of actors-linkage matrix analysis indicated that the level of relationship among stakeholders showed the potential for conflict, cooperation, and mutual help was low.
Key words: cooperation, collaboration, Lombok Island, sustainability
 
ETHNOBOTANY OF KEMANG (Mangifera kemanga Blume.) AS IDENTITY FLORA OF BOGOR REGENCY
Get PDFKemang (Mangifera kemanga Blume.) is a local fruit and has become the identity flora of Bogor Regency based on Decree of the Regent\u27s Number 522/185/Kpts/1996. Currently, the existence of kemang is rare, and it is worried about becoming extinct. This study aimed to identify the ethnobotany of kemang in the community of Bogor Regency and to develop a conservation strategy for kemang as the identity flora of Bogor Regency. The research was carried out from April-July 2021 in Kemang District, Sukaraja District, and Leuwiliang District. Based on criteria, the research was conducted through deeply personal interviews with the local community. The characteristic of the respondent was individual who has kemang and gardeners whose gardens contain kemang. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, kemang was identified by looking at leaf color, leaf shape, stem, flower, and fruit compared to mango (Mangifera indica). Kemang mainly was found growing in gardens (74%). Kemang propagation was done by seed. The most used parts were fruit (43%) and shoots (39%). Both parts were consumed directly in a fresh form. Besides having a role as a food ingredient, kemang has potential as an antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-degenerative. The reason people still maintain kemang because the existence of kemang is getting rare, and the selling price of kemang fruit is relatively high compared to other types of mango. In addition, kemang can also prevent soil erosion. The conservation strategies of kemang are optimizing the socialization and publication of kemang benefit, developing kemang cultivation, and developing kemang as a local fruit commodity.
Key words: conservation strategy, ethnobotany, kemang, local fruit, rar
EVALUATION ON THE POPULATION OF STRANGLER FIGS (Ficus subgen. Urostigma) IN MOUNT UNGARAN, CENTRAL JAVA: The Strangler Figs of Ungaran
No full textA group of the Ficus genus, the strangler figs (Ficus subgen, Urostigma), are known as a more potential as frugivores feed in Mount Ungaran. While the land clearance of the forest into monoculture plantation threats their existence. This study aims to evaluating strangler figs condition by the population study, i.e. densities, distribution, and the demography of each strangler fig species. A total of 25 ha area of Gentong Hill (Northwest part of Mount Ungaran) have been sampled during January-May 2018. We conducted a census of the figs within the sampled area and recorded their life stages in such area. As well as explain the current condition of host tree used by strangler figs in such area. Based on the census that have been conducted, 35 individual belongs to six species strangler figs that equal with 1.4 individual/ha in the value of density is recorded. F. kerkhovenii and the Javan endemic F. involucrata was the commonest species by their densities and abundance. Most of host tree were found dead. The remaining living host tree (16 individuals) are included in three species, i.e. Syzigium antisepticum (14 individual), Weinmannia fraxinea (1 individual), and Engelhardtia spicata (1 individual). Most of the strangler figs found was reached in stage 5 of their life demography, while the stage 1 was the rarest by only 1 individual found. The distribution of strangler figs showed a random pattern. Both of densities and distribution is reasoned by the availability of host tree
THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF RAWA AOPA WATUMOHAI NATIONAL PARK, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Get PDFRawa Aopa Watumohai National Park (105.194 ha) in Southeast Sulawesi is one of the important conservation areas in Wallacea. This study aimed to measure the diversity of herpetofauna, relative abundance and community similarity in four different habitats. Survey were conducted in January-April 2018 using Visual Encounter Survey (VES) based on time and transects in savanna, riparian, lowland forest, and mangrove. Forty-two species from 17 families were found consisting of 10 species of amphibians and 32 species of reptiles, in which 9 species are endemic i.e. Papurana celebensis and Draco beccarii. The highest diversity (H’) and evenness (E) indexes was found in lowland forest (H’ = 2.497, E = 0.555). The most abundant amphibian was Limnonectes modestus with 85 individuals (23.8%), while the most abundant reptile was Crocodylus porosus with 24 individuals (6.7%). The similarity of communities between the four habitats was low (<0.5), indicating that most species are specialists on particular habitats. Although diversity was relatively low in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, high endemism warrants ongoing efforts to conserve amphibians and reptiles in this national park.
Key words: herpetofauna diversity, Indonesia, lowland forest, national park, Sulawes
PLANT COLLECTION IN BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN AS A SOURCE OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD
Get PDFPlant collection in Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) has various potentials, one of which is as a food source. However, not all food produced from plants can be claimed as functional foods. This study analyses the potential of plants kept in the collections of BBG as functional foods and medicine sources with nutritional and health values. Literature studies have been carried out related to nutrition value and active substances owned by these plants, while data related to health claim was based on the results of ethnobotany studies, especially the use of medicinal plants by 28 ethnics in Indonesia. The results suggest 168 species of the BBG collection which can be claimed as a source of functional food which can be categorized into seven main categories. Among these plants are species classified as threatened or endangered such as Mangifera casturi, Vanilla planifolia, Pterocarpus indicus, Borassus flabellifer, Cycas rumphii, Dillenia philippinensis, and Litchi chinensis.
Key words: BBG, functional food, threatened specie
BIRD DISTRIBUTION IN ITERA CAMPUS AREA BASED ON VALUE CHANGES IN NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI)
Get PDFLand-use change from a rubber plantation into the ITERA campus area causes an ecological transition. The components of ecology affected are vegetation and wildlife (bird). Geographic information systems can be used to assess the condition of vegetation and its relation to the ecological component. This study analyses bird diversity, vegetation condition through the NDVI value distribution, and then analyses the bird distribution based on vegetation condition. Observation in transect is the method for collecting bird distribution data. Analyses of vegetation condition was carried out based on NDVI. Analyses of bird distribution based on vegetation condition was carried out spatially by overlaying thematic maps of vegetation with bird distribution. This research found 28 bird species belonging to 18 families with diversity index (H’) 1.84. The highest abundance species were Lonchura punctulata, Passer montanus, and Hirundo tahitica. The NDVI values ranged from -0.64-0.87. ITERA vegetation conditions are divided into five classes: very rare vegetation (VRV), rare vegetation (RV), m vegetation (MV), dense vegetation class (DVC), and very dense vegetation (VDV). Total encounters with birds in this study were 753. The distribution of birds to the vegetation conditions in ITERA has a higher tendency and diverse vegetation have implications of birds to use the vegetation. In the VRV class, there were 4 encounters, RV 37, MV 157, DVC 235, and VDV 315. Also, the number of bird species tends to increase along with the increasing vegetation value. Lonchura punctulata is a bird with the highest abundance in each vegetation class, followed by Passer montanus and Pycnonotus aurigaster.
Key words: bird distribution, ITERA, land-use change, vegetation conditio