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COHABITATION THE TRICOLOUR LANGUR AND MULLER’S GIBBON IN PULAU MAJANG RESORT, DANAU SENTARUM NATIONAL PARK
Get PDFThe interaction between Presbytis chrysomelas ssp. cruciger and Hylobates muelleri which occurs due to the utilization of the same resources has caused the two primates to cohabitate in the Majang Island Resort Area. Information regarding resource use by cohabiting species is very important for their conservation management. The aims of this research are to identify common niches between P. chrysomelas and Muller’s gibbon, to analyze the niche overlap and niche breadth; to find out the forms of spatial cohabitation and the factors that cause cohabitation. Data collection was carried out from July to December 2021. Cohabitation was identified in the use of vertical and horizontal space which is closely related to the availability of feed for both primates. There is overlapping home ranges between the P. chrysomelas and Muller’s gibbon at the study site covering an area of 9.93 ha, and only B stratum (trees with a height of 18 – 30 m) which are used jointly for activity by both primates. The Jaccard index for the association of vertical space use for P. chrysomelas and Muller’s gibbon is 0.33 while the Jaccard index for the number of forage plant species is 0.50. P. chrysomelas ecological niche overlaps 116% with Muller’s gibbon and the H.muelleri ecological niche overlaps 65% with P. chrysomelas’s. Calculation of the ecological niche area of P. chrysomelas is FT = 0.65335, the lower limit and upper limit value is 0.27033 ≤ FT ≥ 0.91288. Meanwhile, for the Muller’s gibbon, the value is FT = 0.46454, the lower and upper limits are 0.04483 ≤ FT ≥ 0.79644.
Key words: Cohabitation, Danau Sentarum, Tricolour langur, Muller’s gibbo
Carbon Stock Estimation on Oil Palm Plantations and Oil Palm-Based Agroforestry in Gunung Mas Regency
Get PDFCentral Kalimantan has one of the highest rates of deforestation and palm oil production in Indonesia. These changes have ecological impacts such as loss of animals, loss of water absorption functions, and increased carbon emissions. Agroforestry is a synergistic planting system between agricultural crops and forest stands to maintain the ecological balance. Sengons are legume plants that can be utilized in agroforestry systems. This study aimed to calculate the amount of belowground and aboveground carbon stocks on palm oil plantations and agroforestry lands consisting of palm oil and sengon trees in Manuhing and Rungan Barat districts. Belowground carbon consist of soil carbon, which is affected by the soil depth, bulk density, and soil C-organic value. Aboveground carbon consists of the sum of litter carbon, undergrowth carbon, and top stand vegetation carbon. Belowground carbon was measured using both disturbed and undisturbed methods. Litter and undergrowth carbon were measured using a destructive method, then top stand vegetation was measured by the allometric equations using breast height diameter. The comparison from all carbon pool shows that the palm oil plantations (2106,520 tons/ha) was higher than agroforestry lands (1834,734 tons/ha). This difference is strongly influenced by the potential of the different in belowground carbon stock for each land-use type. The highest potential carbon stock from this study was owned by belowground carbon stock. In the Manuhing district, belowground carbon stock was led by agroforestry lands (1786,907 tons/ha), whereas in the Rungan Barat district was led by palm oil plantations (1756,291 tons/ha)
Determining Factors Of The Spatial Distribution Of Sumatra Elephant Track Activities in Pemerihan Resort Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Get PDFThe movement of Sumatran elephants from forests to villages and agricultural lands triggers elephant-human conflicts. The increase in conflict between Sumatran elephants and humans has caused a drastic decline in the Sumatran elephant population. The decline in the Sumatran elephant population indicates the importance of the conservation efforts carried out on the results of research studies related to the traces of Sumatran elephant activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between activity traces and the characteristics of the Sumatran elephant habitat at Pemerihan Resort. The research was carried out from July 2021 to January 2022. The direct observation carried out in the observation line is 1 km long and 250 m wide (4 transect lines) with 4 repetitions. The results showed that the spatial distribution of Sumatran elephant activity traces is related to habitat characteristics, namely land cover type (secondary forest), topographic class (flat), distance from water sources (<1000 m), and distance from settlements (1000-2000 m). Traces of activity can be interpreted as an indicator of knowing the presence of Sumatran elephants that can prevent and minimize conflict levels. Management of the habitat and population of Sumatran elephants through enrichment of feed and captive activities is needed as a form of Sumatran elephant conservation efforts.
Keywords: activity traces, habitat, Pemerihan Resort, Sumatran elephan
MANAGERS PERCEPTIONS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC - THE CASE OF A NATURE-BASED TOURISM DESTINATION IN GUNUNG CIREMAI NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA
Get PDFABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic has deteriorated nature-based tourism sectors around the world. Indeed, tourism site managers’ perceptions of and mitigation strategies to COVID-19 play a significant role in ensuring tourism operationalization and its management amidst pandemics. Using the case of Curug Cipeteuy, a community-based tourism destination in Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP), we investigate managers perceptions on COVID-19 and understand their mitigation strategies amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire survey, depth interviews, and field observation were conducted. We found that while managers\u27 opinion of COVID-19 was relatively low, they hold high agreement in supporting tourism development amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. These could be related to those managers who are proud of tourism and its promising benefits to their area. Furthermore, both structural and non-structural mitigation strategies were done to overcoming pandemic impacts and inviting visitors.
Key words: Curug Cipeteuy, mitigation, COVID-19, community-based tourism, national par
CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF UNPLANNED TOURISM BUSINESS IN TASIKMALAYA DISTRICT
Get PDFTourism activities in Tasikmalaya Regency were recorded to experience fluctuations in the number of tourist visits from year to year. There are two classifications of tourist objects in Tasikmayala Regency, namely legal and registered tourist objects and tourist objects that are not legal and not yet registered in the Disparpora Tasikmalaya Regency and the Disparbud of West Java Province. Tourism objects that are not yet legal, have not been recorded, grow from the initiative of tourists or the community, and are not yet well established in their management are referred to as unplanned tourism businesses. The study was conducted to describe the conditions and developments in the unplanned tourism business carried out in three locations, namely Pasir Kirisik, Bukit Panyangrayan, and Bukit Puji Ningrum by conducting direct observations, interviews, and questionnaires. All data collected were then analyzed descriptively covering the general condition of the research location, characteristics of tourists and local communities, perceptions, motivations, preferences, participation, and conditions of business development factors in each research location. The condition of the unplanned tourism business shows that it is running well even though it has not run optimally and is accepted by tourists and the local community. So it is important the role of stakeholders according to their capacity and capability as part of the support system for procedural acceleration of an unplanned tourism business into an established ecotourism business.
Key words: acceleration, ecotourism, established, intuitive, tourism busines
RESIDENT SUPPORT FOR TOURISM AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN BROMO TENGGER SEMERU NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS APPROACH
Get PDFNational parks (NPs) have become a rapidly growing segment of nature-based tourist destinations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted tourism activities across Indonesian NPs. While existing studies have scrutinized the impact of COVID-19 on tourism, studies that focused on clustering residents adjacent of NPs to support tourism amidst the COVID-19 pandemic remain underexplored. To unveil how residents are clustered, we assess residents in Ngadisari and Wonokitri villages based on their distinctive opinions of perceived benefits (PB), perceived costs (PC), perceived health risks (PHR), and support for tourism (ST). Totally, 354 respondents were obtained. We found that residents are clustered into two clusters named tourism supporters and cautious supporters. Tourism supporters are identified by their high agreement on PB and ST, and low agreement with PC. In contrast, Cautious supporters hold lower agreement in PB and ST, and higher agreement on PC and PHR. Our findings revealed that residents are heterogeneous and constitute a distinctive group of opinions and interests. Therefore, the design of policies and interventions should be adjusted based on those clusters.
Key words: national park, perceived health risk, social exchange theor
BIRD DIVERSITY ON RECLAIMED NICKEL MINE-LAND IN KOLAKA DISTRICT SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Get PDFNickel mining is one of open type mining having a high risk on environment. Birds are often used as indicators of habitat change in reclaimed mine-land. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify bird species; (2) to compare bird communities; (3) to predict biotic and abiotic factors that affect bird communities in mining reclamation land according to the age of reclamation, and natural forest in nickel mining area. This research was conducted on reclaimed land in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009. The composition of bird species is described based on family, endemicity and feeding guild. Bird data were analyzed using Shannon index, Jacknife index, and Sorensen community similarity. Estimation of environmental factors is calculated using multiple regression analysis. This study discovered 41 bird species from 23 family classified into 7 guilds. There were 17 Sulawesi endemic species, and one of them is categorized as vulnerable by IUCN (Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus). The highest species richness and diversity was found in year 2006 reclamation land (34 species, S = 44, H \u27= 3,08). The highest similarity analysis of bird communities was in 2006 reclaimed land and natural forest (Cn = 0,79). Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, 3 variables significantly affect the presence of birds (the insect abundance, number of tree species, and the closest perpendicular distance to the river). The presence of birds is influenced by food sources (insects, fruit) and the presence of water. The composition of bird species approached natural conditions with increasing age of reclaimed land.
Key words: bird, community, diversity, mine, reclamatio
INDIGENOUS HUNTING IN INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA: CULTURAL IDENTITY, FOOD SECURITY AND INCOME OPPORTUNITIES
Get PDFWildlife hunting is important in satisfying people’s need for meat as a source of dietary protein as well as being of economic value to the studied communities. Many people in Indonesian New Guinea rely on the benefits obtained from the extraction of plants and animals in the tropical forests, including hunting. This review aims to synthesise existing knowledge and identify areas that are fundamental to the body of knowledge on Indigenous hunting that has been integrated into many forest people societies in Indonesian New Guinea. People keep a relationship with nature by harmonising Indigenous hunting and cultural background. Available food source from wildlife and limited access to livestock were the major reason to acquire wild animals for consumption through hunting. Throughout of Indonesian New Guinea, the commercial hunting provide more opportunities for income generation. Indigenous hunting has long been part of cultural life of forest, providing a source of dietary protein to the household, and offer forms of income generation to the studied communities.
Key words: Culture, Food consumption, trade, Indigenous hunting, Indonesian New Guine
MANAGING COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM IN BANYUWEDANG BAY BALI AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR VISITOR SATISFACTION
Get PDFEcotourism in Banyuwedang Bay Bali is run with community-based principles (CBE). The local community is the determining entity to the extent that the implementation of CBE affects the attributes and services provided to visitors, thereby determining visitor satisfaction. The aims of this study are: (a) to analyze the level of CBE implementation, and (b) to analyze the effect of ecotourism attributes and services on visitor satisfaction. The results showed that the level of CBE implementation in Banyuwedang Bay was classified as fully implemented and very good. Full business ownership by the local community who simultaneously manages all activities in ecotourism independently. There is a significant influence of the attributes and quality of ecotourism services on visitor satisfaction. The findings of this study should dispel skepticism about the inability of local communities to manage ecotourism. It is recommended that the government provides trust and authority as well as adequate assistance to local communities in developing similar ecotourism independently and in mutual cooperation. The assistance needed is related to ecotourism management training and service quality management to visitors, considering that both have a significant effect in shaping visitor satisfaction. This research has a limited scope of study area, so to obtain a more general conclusion, a wider scope of research is needed on several community-based ecotourism destinations throughout the Bali region.
Key words: ecotourism, attribute, service, satisfaction, Bal
DIVERSITY OF SNAKE RESCUED FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN GREATER JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA, INDONESIA
Get PDFDevelopment and habitat loss in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area affected snakes and forced them to adapt in urban areas. Snakes in residential areas might increase encounter rate with humans which lead to human-snake conflict. The objectives of this research were to identify the diversity of snakes in residential areas based on rescue effort and to documents effort of those organizations on how to mitigate human-snake conflict through snake relocation. From 2015-2019, 37 snake species were reported found around residential areas in Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Javan spitting cobra Naja sputatrix and reticulated python Malayopython reticulatus are the most encountered snakes in residential areas. Jakarta has the highest total encounter of snakes compared to other area but Bogor has the highest diversity of snake species. Snake found in residential areas are sometimes “rescued” by snake reptile enthusiasts who formed a group. Most of these group does not have standard operating procedure when rescuing snake. Human-snake conflict can be mitigated by relocation of snakes, education, and translocation, although the impact of translocation should be evaluated further.
Key words: Jakarta Metropolitan Area, human-snake conflict, Urban area, snake rescu