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Aplikasi Model SWAT Untuk Mensimulasikan Debit Sub DAS Krueng Meulesong Menggunakan Data Klimatologi Aktual Dan Data Klimatologi Hasil Perkiraan
Get PDFABSTRAK. Model hidrologi Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) telah digunakan untuk mensimulasikan debit Sub DAS Krueng Meulesong yang terletak di Kabupaten Aceh Besar menggunakan data klimatologi aktual dan data klimatologi prediksi. Data klimatologi aktual diperoleh dari stasiun klimatologi terdekat sedangkan data prediksi merupakan data hasil perkiraan dari Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) yang dilaksanakan oleh National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC) yang tersedia di 4 stasiun di sekitar Sub DAS. Pada awalnya model mensimulasikan debit dari Sub DAS menggunakan input data klimatologi aktual yang hasilnya dikalibrasikan dengan data debit tercatat pada pos duga air. Model dengan parameter terbaik kemudian digunakan untuk mensimulasikan tiga skenario simulasi menggunakan data input klimatologi hasil prediksi, adapun skenarioskenario tersebut adalah (1) data dari satu stasiun terdekat, (2) data dari dua stasiun terdekat dan (3) data dari empat stasiun terdekat. Hasil kalibrasi model menunjukkan bahwa model memiliki kinerja cukup baik dengan nilai koefisien determinasi 0.67 dan koefisien Nash-Sutcliffe 0.37. Aplikasi data klimatologi hasil prediksi menunjukkan bahwa, data prediksi dari satu stasiun terdekat menghasilkan kinerja model yang lebih baik. Sementara itu semakin banyak stasiun yang digunakan sebagai input data akan menghasilkan hasil simulasi yang semakin mendekati hasil simulasi dengan menggunakan data aktual.SWAT Model Application To Simulate Discharge From Krueng Meulesong Sub Watershed Using The Actual And Predicted Climatological DataABSTRACT. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was used to simulate discharge from Krueng Meulesong subwatershed located in Aceh Besar District using actual and predicted climatological data. The actual data were collected from the nearest local meteorological station while the predicted data was the results of Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) completed by National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC) through four stations located around the subwatershed. The model was initially developed using actual data and then calibrated with observed streamflow data. The best model then was rerun using 3 scenarios of predicted data i.e. (1) data from the nearest station, (2) data from average of the two nearest stations and (3) data from average of four nearest stations. The model performance was categorized into satisfactory with determination and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.67 and 0.37, respectively. Comparing the model performance resulted from predicted data suggested that using the nearest station data would produce a better model performance. Meanwhile, incorporating more predicted data stations around subwatershed would cause the model to produce simulated streamflow similar to the streamflow using the actual data
Performance of a Forced-Convection Greenhouse Dryer for Fish Drying
Get PDFABSTRACT. This research present experimental performance of a forced convection greenhouse dryer for drying of fish. The greenhouse dryer was installed at Aceh province, Indonesia. It has a concrete floor with the area of 64 m2. The roof of dryer is built in semi-cylindrical shape and covered with transparent polycarbonate sheets. Two axial flow fans powered by a 50-watt solar cell module was used to generate forced convection for ventilating the dryer.To investigate its performance, the dryer was used to dry two batches of fish. The Results showed that to dry 50 kg fish with initial moisture 68 % required 11 hours. Incontrast, to dry the same amount of fish using sun drying take a time about 2 days. The air temperature inside greenhouse dryer at noon in the clear day was 45-55C.Kinerja Pengering Rumah Kaca Dengan Metode Konveksi Paksa Untuk Pengeringan IkanABSTRAK. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan hasil percobaan terhadap kinerja pengering rumah kaca dengan metode konveksi udara secara paksa pada pengeringan ikan. Penelitian pengering rumah kaca ini dilakukan di Propinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Pengering ini berlantaikan beton dengan luas sebesar 6x4 m2. .Atapnya dibuat berbentuk semi-selinder dan ditutup dengan lembaran plastik transparan berbahan polikarbonat. Dua buah kipas dengan aliran udara secara aksial dipasang dengan sumber daya berasal dari panel surya sebesar 50 Watt dan dipakai untuk menghasilkan konveksi udara paksa pada ventilasi pengering. Untuk menginvestigasi kinerja rumah kaca ini, pengering ini digunakan untuk mengeringkan dua tumpukan ikan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa untuk mengeringkan sebanyak 50 kg ikan dengan kadar air awalnya sebesar 68% membutuhkan waktu selama 11 jam. Sebaliknya, dengan menggunakan sinar matahari secara langsung, untuk mengeringkan ikan dengan jumlah yang sama, maka waktu yang dibutuhkan lebih lama yaitu sekitar 2 hari. Suhu udara di dalam rumah pengering tepat pada siang hari yang cerah berkisar antara 45-55oC
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Rumput Laut (Eucheuma Cottonii) dan Jenis Tepung pada Pembuatan Mie Basah
Get PDFABSTRAK. Jenis rumput laut yang biasanya diolah menjadi makanan yang siap dimakan adalah Eucheuma sp dan Gellidium sp. Diversifikasi produk olahan rumput laut adalah salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan daya guna dan nilai ekonomis rumput laut, yaitu dengan cara mengolah rumput laut jenis Eucheuma cottonii menjadi mie basah. Mie basah merupakan hasil pengolahan berbahan dasar tepung yang dicampur dengan bahan tambahan lainnya. Tepung yang sering digunakan dalam pembuatan mie adalah tepung terigu dan tepung beras. Penambahan rumput laut pada pembuatan mie basah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai gizi kepada masyarakat karena rumput laut mengandung yodium dan kadar serat yang tinggi. Penggunaan rumput laut juga mempengaruhi karakteristik mie basah yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu pengaruh konsentrasi rumput laut dan jenis tepung. Faktor konsentrasi rumput laut (R) terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu R1 = 30%, R2 = 35%, dan R3 = 40%. Faktor jenis tepung (T) terdiri atas 2 taraf yaitu T1 = tepung terigu dan T2 = tepung beras. Kualitas mie basah terbaik yang dihasilkan berdasarkan metode rangking diperoleh pada konsentrasi 30% rumput laut dan tepung terigu dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut: rendemen 176,03%, kadar protein 18,53% , nilai organoleptik warna = 3,92 (suka), nilai organoleptik aroma = 3.73 (suka), nilai organoleptik rasa = 3.78 (suka), nilai organoleptik kekenyalan = 3,95 (suka), dan nilai organoleptik uji mutu hedonik kekenyalan = 3,87 (kenyal). Kandungan yodium dari mie basah dari 3,8 mg bahan iod/100g diperoleh dari rumput laut dengan perlakuan konsentrasi 30% dan penggunaan tepung terigu (R1T1).Effect of Seaweed (Eucheuma Cottonii) and Flour Type Concentrations on Wet Noodle ProcessingABSTRACT. Type of seaweed that is usually processed into food and ready to eat is Gellidium sp. and Eucheuma sp. Diversification of processed seaweed is one of the efforts to improve the effectiveness and economic value of seaweed. It is by processing seaweed of Eucheuma cottonii into wet noodle. Wet noodle is made from flour mixed with other additives. Flour that often used in wet noodle processing is flour and rice. The addition of seaweed on a wet noodle making is expected to improve the nutritional value for society because seaweed contains iodine and high fiber. The use of seaweed also affected the characteristics of a wet noodle. The research was conducted using completely randomized design (CRD) factorial. Factors studied were the influence of the concentration and type of seaweed flour. Seaweed concentration factor (R) consisted of 3 levels, R1 = 30%, R2 = 35%, and R3 = 40%. Factors in the type of flour (T) consisted of two levels, T1 = T2 = flour and rice flour. The quality of best wet noodle generated based on ranking method, obtained at a concentration of 30% seaweed and wheat flour with the following characteristics: yield 176.03% , 18.53% protein content, color organoleptic value = 3.92 (like), aroma organoleptic value = 3.73 (like), a sense of the organoleptic value = 3.78 (like), organoleptic value of elasticity = 3.95 (like), and the value of organoleptic quality test hedonic elasticity = 3.87 (chewy). Iodine content of 3.8 mg of wet noodles iod/100g material derived from seaweed by treatment with 30% and the use of wheat flour (R1T1)
Developing a Model Using Homer for a Hybrid Hydrogen Fuel Cell System
Get PDFABSTRACT. Hydrogen is widely considered be the fuel of the near future. Combined wind/PV energy hybrid systems can be used to sources energy to hydrogen production. This paper describes design, simulation and feasibility study of a hybrid energy system for a household in Malaysia. One year recorded wind speed and solar radiation are used for the design of a hybrid energy system. In 2000 was average annual wind speed in Johor Bahru is 3.76 m/s and annual average solar energy resource available is 5.08 kWh/m2/day. National Renewable Energy Laboratorys HOMER software was used to select an optimum hybrid energy system. In the optimization process, HOMER simulates every system configuration in the search space and displays the feasible ones in a table, sorted by total net present cost (TNPC). The optimization study indicates that sensitivity analysis of the HOMER is shown in the overall winner which shows that the most least cost and optimize hybrid system is combination of 10 kW of PV array, 1 unit of wind turbine, 2 kW of fuel cell, 120 units of batteries and 6 kW converter as well as 1 kW of electrolyzer so as to generate the minimum COE, 2,423 kWjam-1. Sumber-sumber terbarukan (angin dan PV) yang terlibat dalam pembangkit listrik, 1 kg hydrogen akan diproduksi dalam sistem in
Penyimpangan Penggunaan Lahan Berdasarkan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Get PDFAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengevaluasi kesesuaian alokasi ruang RTRW Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2012- 2031 dengan alokasi penetapan kawasan hutan Kabupaten Aceh Barat berdasarkan SK Menhutbun No. 170/Kpts- II/2000, dan (2) mengevaluasi penyimpangan penggunaan lahan eksisting Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2012 dengan RTRW Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2012-2031 dan (3) membahas secara umum penyebab dari penyimpangan penggunaan lahan dan dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret 2012 hingga Februari 2013 di Kabupaten Aceh Barat dan di Laboratorium Penginderaan Jauh dan Kartografi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan mengumpulkan berbagai data sekunder dan primer yang diperlukan dan analisis tumpang tindih peta (overlay) serta cek lapangan (ground check) penggunaan lahan terkini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penyimpangan alokasi ruang RTRW Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2012-2031 terhadap kawasan hutan Kabupaten Aceh Barat yang ditetapkan dalam SK Menhutbun No. 170/Kpts- II/2000 seluas 6.663,45 ha (2,41%). Penggunaan lahan eksisting Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2012 juga menunjukkan terjadi penyimpangan terhadap alokasi ruang RTRW Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2012-2031 yaitu seluas 25.319,21 ha (9,16%). Secara umum faktor penyebab terjadinya penyimpangan penggunaan lahan adalah pemekaran kabupaten/kota, pengembangan infrastruktur wilayah, pengembangan usaha perkebunan dan pertambangan. Penyimpangan penggunaan lahan tersebut berdampak kepada semakin luasnya deforestasi, meningkatnya koefisien limpasan dan frekuensi banjir.Deviation of Land Use Based on Spatial Planning of West Aceh DistrictAbstract. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate the suitability of spatial allocation of space in West Aceh district from 2012 to 2031 with the allocation of forest establishment of West Aceh by Decree of Menhutbun No. 170/Kpts-II/2000, (2) evaluate the deviation of the existing land use of West Aceh district in 2012 with the Spatial West Aceh district of 2012-2031, and (3) discuss generally the cause of the deviation and the impact of land use. This study was conducted from March 2012 to February 2013 in the West Aceh district, and at the Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Cartography, Faculty of Agriculture, Kuala University. This research used descriptive method by collecting a variety of secondary and primary data necessary, analysis of overlap maps and ground check for evaluating the current land use. The results showed deviations spatial space allocation of West Aceh District of 2012-2031 to West Aceh forests set out by Decree of Menhutbun No.170/Kpts-II/2000 was 6,663.45 Ha (2.41%). Furthermore, the deviation of existing land use of West Aceh district in 2012 to the spatial allocation of the West Aceh district of 2012-2031 was 25,319.21 Ha (9.16%). In general, the causes of deviation were the division of districts, development of region infrastructure, plantation and mining development. The land use deviations would affect the extent of deforestation, the increasing of runoff coefficients and frequency of floods
Intersepsi Curah Hujan Pada Tegakan Pohon Pinus (Casuarina cunninghamia)
Get PDFABSTRAK. Proses tertahannya curah hujan di atas tajuk vegetasi dikenal dengan istilah intersepsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengukuran intersepsi, air lolos (throughfall), dan aliran batang (stemflow) pada tegakan pohon pinus (Casuarina cunninghamia) pada kelas umur 7, 15 dan 30 tahun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kawasan Taman Hutan Raya, Seulawah, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Bahan dan alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah alat penakar curah, gelas ukur, pita ukur, klinometer, dan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa umur pohon berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap besarnya jumlah air lolos (throughfall) dan aliran batang (stemflow). Diameter pohon berpengaruh secara signifikan untuk besarnya jumlah air lolos (throughfall) dan aliran batang (stemflow). Umur pohon sangat mempengaruhi tingkat kepadatan tajuk dimana semakin lebat tajuk pohon maka intersepsi semakin besar. Bentuk daun pinus yang berbentuk jarum yang tumbuh dengan rapat juga mempengaruhi intersepsi.Rainfall Interception On The Stands of Pine Tree (Casuarina cunninghamia)ABSTRACT. The process of rainfall retention above the canopy of vegetation is known as interception. This study aimed to measure interception, throughfall, and stemflow on pine trees (Casuarina cunninghamia) at different ages 7, 15 and 30 years old, respectively. This research was conducted in the area of Taman Hutan Raya, Seulawah, Aceh Besar. Materials and tools used in this study were an automatic raingauge, measuring cups, measuring tape, clinometer, and Microsoft Excel software. Based on the research, the results showed that the age of the tree had significantly influenced the throughfall and stemflow. The trees diameter had significant influence on the large amount of throughfall and stemflow. The trees age greatly affected the density of tree canopy. The more dense the tree canopy, then the greater interception the tree had. The pine needle-shaped leaves densely grew that influenced the interception
Performance and Potential Study of 10kW Wind Turbine Generator for 6 Cities in Malaysia
Get PDFABSTRACT. This study presents an analysis of the optimization by using HOMER software and financial viability of 10 kW wind turbine generator (WTG) through grid connected system for six different locations in Malaysia (Mersing, Kuching, K.Trengganu, Kudat, Melaka and Labuan). Assessment criteria comprised Total Net Present Cost (TNPC), and Cost of Energy ( COE ). The HOMER ( National Renewable Energy laboratory, US) was utilized as the assessment tool with modeling performed with hourly load data input from six cities in Malaysia. The results demonstrate that WTG has the potential to supply significant power for small scale load in conjunction with the grid-electricity supply. Optimization modeling demonstrated that the TNPC for grid connected configuration is Mersing for the lowest TNPC among the other cities which is TNPC recorded at 20,000. This mean wind grid system in Mersing is very benefit be built and reduction in greenhouse gas emission of 9,452 kg/yr. Optimization modeling also showed that Mersing is the only one among other city had showed a high potential of WTG which produced energy at 85,326 kWh/yr and purchase grid only at 4,082 kWh/year.Kajian Kinerja dan Potensi Generator Turbin Angin 10kW untuk 6 kota di MalaysiaABSTRAK. Penelitian ini menyajikan analisis optimasi dengan menggunakan software HOMER dan kesesuaian biaya untuk generator turbin angin (wind turbine generator=WTG) 10 kW sistem grid untuk enam lokasi yang berbeda di Malaysia (Mersing, Kuching, K.Trengganu, Kudat, Melaka dan Labuan). Kriteria penilaian terdiri Total Net Present Cost (TNPC) dan Cost of Energy (COE). software HOMER (National Renewable Energy laboratory, US) digunakan sebagai pemodelan dengan memasukkan data beban daya per jam dari enam kota tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa generator turbin angin (WTG) memiliki potensi untuk memasok daya yang signifikan untuk beban kecil dalam hubungannya dengan pasokan grid listrik. Optimasi Pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa Mersing memiliki TNPC terendah dibangdingkan kota lain ( 20,000. Hal ini bermakna bahwa Mersing memiliki potensi untuk dibangun generator turbin angin (WTG) dan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca 9.452 kg/tahun. Model optimasi juga menunjukkan bahwa Mersing adalah kota yang memiliki potensi besar untuk membuat sistem generator turbin angin (WTG) yang menghasilkan energi 85.326 kWjam/tahun dan pembelian daya pada jaringan grid hanya 4.082 kWjam/tahun
Simulasi Penentuan Kebutuhan Daya Pompa Pada Sistem Transpor Bahan Pangan Cair Dengan Menggunakan Parameter Reologi Susu Kental Manis
Get PDFABSTRAK. Simulasi penentuan kebutuhan pompa energi pada sistem bahan makanan transfer cair dengan menggunakan parameter software hasil krim reologi kental manis. Software ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan energi pompa yang dibutuhkan oleh sistem transfer krim kental manis sehingga tidak terjadinya produk lompat dan gelembung yang menghancurkan krim kental manis. Sehingga pada saat dipasarkan, produk tidak lagi menarik dan baik untuk dikonsumsi. Sebelum melakukan simulasi dengan program komputer, dibutuhkan data viskositas (kekentalan) parameter reologi krim kental manis. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter reologi untuk energi pompa yang diperlukan oleh sistem transfer krim kental manis. Dari simulasi diperoleh gambaran yang baik lebih untuk merancang suatu sistem transfer krim kental manis di salah satu pabrik pengolahan.A Simulation to Determine the Requirement of Pump Power on Transport System for Liquid Food Material using Rheology Parameter of Sweetened Condensed MilkABSTRACT. A simulation using a software to determine the requirement of pump power on transport system for liquid food material using rheology as parameter for sweetened condensed milk. The software was able to determine the pump energy required by a transfer system of sweetened condensed milk in order to prevent the occurrence of the product jump and the effervescence. The effervescence would destroy the cream of sweetened condensed milk, so at the time of marketing, the product was no longer in good condition to consume. Before conducting simulation using computer program, viscosity data of sweetened condensed milk was required to know the influence parameter of rheology on pump power required by a transport system of sweetened condensed milk. From the simulation, a more good description was obtained to design a transfer system of sweetened condensed milk at one particular factory
Rancang Bangun dan Uji Performansi Alat Penyiang Gulma pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah
Get PDFWeeds were plants whose presence was undesirable because it lowered the yield of agricultural land that could be achieved by the production plant. Weeding the groundnut crop had been done conventionally, weeding method had many drawbacks. The purpose of this research was to design, fabricate and per-formance test of the weed clean device on peanut plants. The results showed that the dimensions of the weed clean device was 1332 mm long, connecting rods were made of pipe with a diameter of I inch, wide handlebars 732 mm diameter, wheel steering handlebars handheld was 48 mm, wheelbase was 150 mm steel, blade was made of steel plate 2 mm with a length of 250 mm and a width of 20 mm. The strength and durability of the weed clean device were met because the stress permis (131 MPa) was greater than the stress occurred (16.9 Mpa). From the obtained performance test of weed clean device capacity was 16 hours /ha, better than weeding manually, 90 hours /ha
Optimization of Renewable Energy Hybrid System for Grid Connected Application
Get PDFABSTRACT. Hybrid energy systems are pollution free, takes low cost and less gestation period, user and social friendly. Such systems are important sources of energy for shops, schools, and clinics in village communities especially in remote areas. Hybrid systems can provide electricity at a comparatively economic price in many remote areas. This paper presents a method to jointly determine the sizing and operation control of hybrid energy systems. The model, PV wind hydro and biomass hybrid system connects to grid. The system configuration of the hybrid is derived based on a theoretical domestic load at a typical location and local solar radiation, wind and water flow rate data and biomass availability. The hybrid energy system is proposed for 10 of teachers houses of Industrial Training Institute, Mersing. It is predicted 10 kW load consumption per house. The hybrid energy system consists of wind, solar, biomass, hydro, and grid power. Approximately energy consumption is 860 kWh/day with a 105 kW peak demand load. The proposed hybrid renewable consists of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbine, hydro turbine and biomass. Battery and inverter are included as part of back-up and storage system. It provides the economic sensitivity of hybridization and the economic and environmental benefits of using a blend of technologies. It also presents the trade off that is involved in optimizing a hybrid energy system to harness and utilize the available renewable energy resources efficiently