JURNAL KIMIA MULAWARMAN
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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN INISIATOR DIKUMIL PEROKSIDA DAN DIVINILBENZENA SEBAGAI CROSLINK PADA KOMPATIBILITAS RASIO CAMPURAN POLIETILENA DAN KARET ALAM SIR 3L
Get PDFThe research about the influence of adding initiator dicumyl peroxide and divinylbenzene as crosslink agent on the compatibility blending rasio polyethylene and natural rubber SIR 3L has been carried out. Blending is done in two steps, the first step was without the addition of divinylbenzene, polyethylene/natural rubber SIR 3L/dicumyl peroxide (w/w) 50 g : 50 g : 1phr, 2phr, and 3phr. The second step was by the addition of divinylbenzene, polyethylene/natural rubber SIR 3L/divinylbenzene/dicumyl peroxide (w/w) 50 g : 50 g : 1phr :1phr, 2phr : 1phr, 3phr : 1phr, 1phr : 2 phr, 2phr : 2phr, 3phr : 2phr, 1phr : 3phr, 2phr : 3phr, dan 3phr : 3phr. To determine the quality of yielded composites, the tensile test analysis was done, obtained the increasing concentration without divinylbenzene, maximum at variation of concentration polyethylene/natural rubber SIR 3L/dicumyl peroxide is 2 phr is tensile strength and elasticity was 2.20 kgf/mm2 and 12.29%, and by addition of divinylbenzene obtained the increasing maximum at variation of concentration polyethylene/natural rubber SIR 3L/divinylbenzene/dicumyl peroxide 3phr : 2phr, the tensile strength and elasticity was 3.31 kgf/mm2 and 28.99%. From the SEM analysis result was obtained that the addition of divinylbenzene could improved the composite’s surface so that become more flatten and homogeneous. From the functional group analysis FT-IR showed that the mixture of divinylbenzene and polyethylene/natural rubber SIR 3L/dicumyl peroxide were just physical interaction. Keyword: peroxside, Divinyl benzene, Poly Ethylene, Natural rubber (SIR 3 L) Blendin
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL MELALUI FERMENTASI NIRA TEBU (Saccharum officinarum) MENGGUNAKAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VITAMIN B KOMPLEKS SEBAGAI NUTRISI FERMENTASI
Get PDFBioethanol is alternative energy produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates like sugar cane juice. The fermentation process is influenced by several factors like nutrition of fermentation. This research to determine the addition weigh (g) of vitamin B complex gr and time of fermentation as theoptimumconditions of fermentaced toproduceethanol with high concentrations. Sugar cane juice as raw material fermented using Saccharomyces cereviceaea with variation additional of vitamin B complex are 0%; 0.1%; 0.2%; and 0.3% (w/v) sugar cane juice fermented during time of fermentation with the variation are 6 day, 7 day and 8 day. Purification of bioethanol by process of distillation.Alcohol content analysis using gas chromatography. The results showed optimumconditions of fermentaced are addition of Vitamin B complex is 0.1% (w/v) and time of fermentation is 7 days to produced ethanol 30.177%.Bioethanol is alternative energy produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates like sugar cane juice. The fermentation process is influenced by several factors like nutrition of fermentation. This research to determine the addition weigh (g) of vitamin B complex gr and time of fermentation as theoptimumconditions of fermentaced toproduceethanol with high concentrations. Sugar cane juice as raw material fermented using Saccharomyces cereviceaea with variation additional of vitamin B complex are 0%; 0.1%; 0.2%; and 0.3% (w/v) sugar cane juice fermented during time of fermentation with the variation are 6 day, 7 day and 8 day. Purification of bioethanol by process of distillation.Alcohol content analysis using gas chromatography. The results showed optimumconditions of fermentaced are addition of Vitamin B complex is 0.1% (w/v) and time of fermentation is 7 days to produced ethanol 30.177%.
Keywords: Ethanol, Fermentation, Sugar cane juice, Vitamin B complex
ANALISIS KAFEIN DALAM KOPI ROBUSTA (TORAJA) DAN KOPI ARABIKA (JAWA) DENGAN VARIASI SIKLUS PADA SOKLETASI
Get PDFThe research about analysis of caffeine content on coffee Robusta (Toraja) and coffee Arabika (Jawa) with cycle variations using spectrophotometer UV has been done. Coffee extract obtained throughsoxhletation with ethanol 96 % and variation cycles used is 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, tested with spectrophotometer UV at a wavelength of 272 nm. The result of this research was obtained the caffeine content in coffee Robusta (Toraja) for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 cycles consecutive is 1.439 mg/L, 2.158 mg/L, 2.695 mg/L, 2.887 mg/L and 3.700 mg/L. The caffeine content obtained coffee Arabika (Jawa) for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 cycles consecutive is 0.474 mg/L, 0.478 mg/L, 1.056 mg/L, 1.540 mg/L and 1.926 mg/L respectively.Keywords: Coffee Robusta, Coffee Arabika, Ethanol 96 %, Soxhletation, Caffeine, Spectrophotometer U
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN CaCO3 DAN WAKTU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN C PADA PROSES PENGHAMBATAN PEMATANGAN BUAH TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)
No full textThe aim of this research is to know the influence of CaCO3 addition and storage duration to vitamine C concentrate in ripe obstruction process of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill). Calcium carbonate(CaCO3) which is added 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 percent of weight and storage duration were 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 and 12 days. Vitamine C was determined by using iodometric titration method. The data obtained were then analized by ANOVA test and LSD test. The result showed that CaCO3 addition could influence vitamine C concentrate in ripe obstruction process of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) on standard 5% and 1% with Ftest > Ftabel (5% and 1%) or F(7.6667) > F(2.50 and 3.60) and storage duration could influence vitamine C concentrate in ripe obstruction process of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) on standard 5% and 1% with Ftest > Ftabel (5% and 1%) or F(1204.2222) > F(2.32 and 3.07). Based on the result LSD test on significant standard 5% (0.0143) and 1% (0.0190), optimum vitamine C concentrate were 0.8589 mg/10 g on 0.2% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) addition and 10 days of storage duration.Keywords : ANOVA, CaCO3, LSD, tomato, vitamine C, storage duratio
Rice Husk Silica-Coated Magnetic Particles As A Low Cost Support Material For Crude Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lipase Immobilization
Get PDFIn this research, lipase produced from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was immobilized on rice husk silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The process included the following steps: preparation of magnetic ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles (NP), coating NP with silica from rice husk ash, activation with glutaraldehyde and covalent immobilization of lipase on the support. The synthesis of the nanoparticle was followed by characterization through FT-IR, XRD, and FE-SEM. The hydrolysis kinetics (using 4-Nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate) of the immobilized lipase followed Michaelis-Menten model with a Vmax and a Km value of 4.0 mM.s-1 and 0.63 mM, respectively. The immobilized lipase showed better tolerance to extreme temperature and pH compared to free lipase. About 60% of enzyme remained immobilized after ten cycles of reuse and 68.13% of it were stable until 49 days. Thus the silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles appeared to be a potential support material for lipase immobilization applications
KARAKTERISASI DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAUN KEREHAU (Callicarpa longifolia Lamk.)
Get PDFPlants kerehau empirically used to treat swelling, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Kerehau leaf research data related to quality botanicals have not done, this causes the botanicals and extracts do not have a standard. The purpose of this study to determine the chemical characterization and the compound leaf extract botanicals and kerehau.
The research object leaves kerehau obtained from the village of Muara District Muara Aloh Muntai, made crude drug samples are extracted using maceration method by ethanol 70%. Then examined the macroscopic, microscopic, these characterizations include: water assay, assay of soluble extract in water, soluble extract assay of ethanol, the determination of ash content and assay of acid insoluble ash is then performed phytochemical screening. Data were analyzed using descriptivemethods. The characterization results simplicia, macroscopic kerehau has green leaves, pointed leaf tip, leaf base tapering, serrated leaf edge, the shape of elongated leaves, a single leaf, leaf arrangement pinnate, pinnate leaves arrangement of bones, flesh soft thin leaves, leaf length 10,5- 14 cm and 4-6 cm wide leaves. Microscopic hair bulbs discovered fragment identifier cover, file vessels, glands hair, and stomata calcium oxalate crystal anisositik. The water content of 9.6%, water soluble extract content of 17.7% ethanol soluble extract content of 11.3%, ash content of 6%, acid insoluble ash content of 1%.
The characterization results extract ethanol, 15% water content, water soluble extract content of 40.4% ethanol soluble extract content of 39.9%, ash content of 3.5%, acid insoluble ash content of 0.3%. While the results of the identification of classes of chemical compounds, known kerehau leaf contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids.Plants kerehau empirically used to treat swelling, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Kerehau leaf research data related to quality botanicals have not done, this causes the botanicals and extracts do not have a standard. The purpose of this study to determine the chemical characterization and the compound leaf extract botanicals and kerehau.
The research object leaves kerehau obtained from the village of Muara District Muara Aloh Muntai, made crude drug samples are extracted using maceration method by ethanol 70%. Then examined the macroscopic, microscopic, these characterizations include: water assay, assay of soluble extract in water, soluble extract assay of ethanol, the determination of ash content and assay of acid insoluble ash is then performed phytochemical screening. Data were analyzed using descriptivemethods. The characterization results simplicia, macroscopic kerehau has green leaves, pointed leaf tip, leaf base tapering, serrated leaf edge, the shape of elongated leaves, a single leaf, leaf arrangement pinnate, pinnate leaves arrangement of bones, flesh soft thin leaves, leaf length 10,5- 14 cm and 4-6 cm wide leaves. Microscopic hair bulbs discovered fragment identifier cover, file vessels, glands hair, and stomata calcium oxalate crystal anisositik. The water content of 9.6%, water soluble extract content of 17.7% ethanol soluble extract content of 11.3%, ash content of 6%, acid insoluble ash content of 1%.
The characterization results extract ethanol, 15% water content, water soluble extract content of 40.4% ethanol soluble extract content of 39.9%, ash content of 3.5%, acid insoluble ash content of 0.3%. While the results of the identification of classes of chemical compounds, known kerehau leaf contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids.
Keywords: Callicarpa Longifolia, Characterization, Phytochemical Screening
ADSORPSI FENOL OLEH ARANG AKTIF DARI AMPAS KOPI
No full textThe comparison of phenol adsorption with activated carbon from coffee residue has been conducted. The first step in this study is coffee residue activation with ZnCl2 in 85oC during 7 hours. The coffee residue was dryed in 24 hours at 110oC and after that it was dissolved by activated carbon with 10% HCl and pH neutralized by using aquades 65oC. The activated carbon was determinate at pH 2-6, with time 15-60 minutes and phenol concentration 2-10 mg/L. From that result would be processed with isotherm Freundlich’s equation. The optimum conditions result obtained at pH 4, time 30 minutes and adsorption capacity of 1.733 mg/g. The activated carbon has been used into waste samples which have addition of phenol and obtained result 2.4751 mg/L from 6.4778 mg/L for waste water A. W. Sjahranie hospital and 0.0560 mg/L from 2.0068 mg/L for Karang Mumus River.Keywords: Phenol, adsorption, activated carbon, coffee residu
ANALISIS RESIDU KLORPIRIFOS DALAM SAYUR-SAYURAN DENGAN TEKNIK HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)
Get PDFThe research about analysis of chlorpyrifos residue in vegetables by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique has been done. To obtain the optimal measurement results, the measurement performed several important parameters in the chromatographic system was composition of mobile phase, volume injection sample, flow rate and pH eluent. Optimum measurement conditions obtained was mobile phase composition (water : methanol) with 70 : 30, volume injection sample are 5 mL, flow rate are 0.5mL/menit and pH eluent are 7. The analytical performance that obtained is good showed with the reproducibility value as percentage coefficient variance (% CV) was 0.0664%, limit of detection (LOD) was 0.44 ppm, with a recovery percentage of > 95%. The results obtained showed the HPLC technique can be used for the routine analysis in the determination of chlorpyrifos for the vegetable samples.The research about analysis of chlorpyrifos residue in vegetables by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique has been done. To obtain the optimal measurement results, the measurement performed several important parameters in the chromatographic system was composition of mobile phase, volume injection sample, flow rate and pH eluent. Optimum measurement conditions obtained was mobile phase composition (water : methanol) with 70 : 30, volume injection sample are 5 mL, flow rate are 0.5mL/menit and pH eluent are 7. The analytical performance that obtained is good showed with the reproducibility value as percentage coefficient variance (% CV) was 0.0664%, limit of detection (LOD) was 0.44 ppm, with a recovery percentage of > 95%. The results obtained showed the HPLC technique can be used for the routine analysis in the determination of chlorpyrifos for the vegetable samples.
Keywords: Chlorpyrifos, Vegetables, HPLC
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN KADAR LOGAM TEMBAGA (Cu) PADA PENAMBAHAN ION PERAK (Ag) DENGAN METODE ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Get PDFThe analysis of changes in levels of copper (Cu) on the addition of silver ions (Ag) with electrocoagulation method has been researched by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) as an instrument for the determination of levels. The addition of ionic silver (Ag) in a solution of copper (Cu) using varying concentrations of silver (Ag) 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 ppm. The results showed that the effect of the addition of ionic silver (Ag) 4,6, 8, 10 and 12 resulted in changes in the levels of copper (Cu) are deposited successively in the ppm concentration is 9.375; 9.324; 9.272; 9.168; 9.142 and 9.116. Metalcontentof silver(Ag) in a medium containing copper (Cu) with a variety of metallic silver( Ag) differentat 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12ppm after the electrocoagulation metal contentof silver(Ag) depositedin the amount3.99; 5.99; 7.96; 9.91 and 11.88ppm
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) SEBAGAI ARANG AKTIF DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR AMONIA, NITRIT DAN NITRAT PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK CELUP
Get PDFA research about utilization of waste corncob (Zea may L.) as active charcoal in reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels on industrial tofu liquid waste using dye technique have been researched. The purpose of this research to know reduction levels of industrial tofu liquid waste from some parameter is ammonia, nitrite and nitrate by using 2 variations is contact time and pH tofu liquid waste. The percentage yield of research to show of reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels at the optimum contact time 10 minute and the optimum pH 6 that is 51,29%, 31,93% and 58,71%. And then analyzed of data by using ANOVA test to know Fcount influence of the contact time of active charcoal to reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels on industrial tofu liquid waste that is 2,4891 less than Ftable 3,00. It is stated that is no significant effet on the reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels of industrial tofu liquid waste by using variation contact time active charcoal. While Fcount influence of optimum pH industrial tofu liquid waste to reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels on industrial tofu liquid waste that is 5,7168 more than Ftable 2,07. It is stated that is a significant effet on the reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels of industrial tofu liquid waste by using variation optimum pH industrial tofu liquid waste.A research about utilization of waste corncob (Zea may L.) as active charcoal in reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels on industrial tofu liquid waste using dye technique have been researched. The purpose of this research to know reduction levels of industrial tofu liquid waste from some parameter is ammonia, nitrite and nitrate by using 2 variations is contact time and pH tofu liquid waste. The percentage yield of research to show of reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels at the optimum contact time 10 minute and the optimum pH 6 that is 51,29%, 31,93% and 58,71%. And then analyzed of data by using ANOVA test to know Fcount influence of the contact time of active charcoal to reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels on industrial tofu liquid waste that is 2,4891 less than Ftable 3,00. It is stated that is no significant effet on the reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels of industrial tofu liquid waste by using variation contact time active charcoal. While Fcount influence of optimum pH industrial tofu liquid waste to reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels on industrial tofu liquid waste that is 5,7168 more than Ftable 2,07. It is stated that is a significant effet on the reduction ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels of industrial tofu liquid waste by using variation optimum pH industrial tofu liquid waste.
Keywords: Active Charcoal, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate and Industrial Tofu Liquid Wast