JURNAL KIMIA MULAWARMAN
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SIFAT TERMAL DAN KELARUTAN DARI CYCLIC LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER
No full textCyclic Liquid Natural Rubber (CLNR) is a cyclical natural rubber which has decreased molecular weight. Synthesis of Cyclic Liquid Natural Rubber (CLNR) can be done in a way that degradation after cyclization. Degradation after cyclization using Cyclic raw material Natural rubber (CNR), the degradation is done by using phenylhydrazine reagents with oxygen gas atmosphere with a flow rate of 2 LMenit-1 for 24 hours. CNR and CLNR thermal analysis by DSC, Tg results obtained amounted to 102.82 ° C and 103.67 ° C, Tc amounted to 362.45 ° C and 330.29 ° C and Tm mounted to 509.24 ° C and 440 , 00 oC. Of CNR and CLNR solubility test has a polarity index of 2.4 to 4.4 and from 2.4 to 4.4.Cyclic Liquid Natural Rubber (CLNR) adalah karet alam siklis yang telah mengalami penurunan berat molekul. Sintesis Cyclic Liquid Natural Rubber (CLNR) dapat dilakukan dengan cara yaitu degradasi setelah siklisasi. Degradasi setelah siklisasi menggunakan bahan baku Cyclic Natural Rubber (CNR), degradasi dilakukan dengan bantuan reagen phenylhydrazine dengan suasana gas oksigen dengan laju alir 2 LMenit-1 selama 24 jam. Analisa termal CNR dan CLNR dengan DSC diperoleh hasil Tg masing – masing sebesar 102,82 oC dan 103,67 oC, Tc masing – masing sebesar 362,45 oC dan 330,29 oC dan Tm masing – masing sebesar 509,24 oC dan 440,00 oC. Dari uji kelarutan CNR dan CLNR memiliki indeks kepolaran dari 2,4 – 4,4 dan 2,4 – 4,4
PEMBUATAN NANOKOMPOSIT POLIVINIL ALKOHOL/NANOSERAT SELULOSA YANG DIISOLASI DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jack) DENGAN METODE LEDAK UAP
Full text linkThe manufacture of nanocomposites polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofiber isolated from empty bunch fruit palm oil has been done. The isolation process was carried out in two stages : α-cellulose from EBFPO which followed by isolation of CN from α-cellulose using steam explosion method. The process of α-cellulose hydrolisis was done using H2C2O4 11%. Nanocomposites PVA/CN were characterized by morphologycal, thermal, and mechanical analysis. FT-IR spectra show C-O-C stretch of cellulose nanofiber at 1059,99 cm-1, which indicated that there are glycoside bonding in coumpound structure. The peaks near 2900,94 cm-1 and 3348,42 cm-1 are representative of the C-H and OH groups. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image show that diameter of cellulose nanofibre around 44,6 nm. PVA/CN nanocomposites at the optimum ratio of (80:20)% showed the thermal stability around 263,48oC and tensile strength around 17,41 MPa and Young’s Modulus 0,9 GPa, and surface area was smooth and homogen.
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pembuatan nanokomposit polivinil alkohol/nanoserat selulosa yang diisolasi dari serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Proses Isolasi dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu isolasi α-selulosa dari serat TKKS yang dilanjutkan dengan isolasi nanoserat selulosa dari α-selulosa dengan menggunakan metode ledak uap. Proses hidrolisis α-selulosa dilakukan dengan menggunakan H2C2O4 11 %. Nanokomposit PVA/NSS dikarakterisasi melalui analisa gugus fungsi, morfologi, stabilitas panas, dan sifat mekanik. Analisa spektrum FT-IR menunjukkan adanya serapan gugus C-O-C pada bilangan gelombang 1059,99 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya ikatan glikosida pada nanoserat selulosa serta puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 2900,94 cm-1 dan 3348,62 cm-1 menunjukkan adanya ikatan CH dan gugus OH. Hasil analisa morfologi dengan menggunakan transmission electron microscopy (TEM) menunjukkan bahwa nanoserat selulosa memiliki diameter rata-rata berkisar 44,6 nm. Nanokomposit PVA/NSS dengan perbandingan 80:20 menunjukkan stabilitas panas yang baik sekitar 267,23 oC, kekuatan uji tarik tarik sekitar 17,41 MPa dan Modulus Young’s 0,9 GPa, dan morfologi permukaan yang rata dan homogen.
Kata Kunci: Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, α-Selulosa, Nanoserat Selulosa, Nanokomposit, Polivinil Alkoho
Potensi Antijamur Ekstrak Metanol Daun Mangrove Rhizopora Mucronata Terhadap Jamur Candida Albicans Dan Aspergillus Niger
Full text linkCandida Albicans and Aspergillus Niger are some of the infectious fungi. Empirically bark, flower, root and mangrove leaves Rhizophora mucronata can be a hepatitis drug. This study aims to determine the antifungal potential of methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves to Candida Albicans and Aspergillus Niger fungus. Chemical test results that have been done previously are alkaloids, Flavanoid , triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and hydroquinone phenols. The antifungal test was performed by agar diffusion method on Potatos Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and paper disc.Paper disc soaked in methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronatapada leaf concentration 1000 ppm, 800 ppm, 600 ppm, 400 ppm and 200 ppm. The positive control solution used ketokenazole drug and negative control using aquades with incubation period of 3 x 24 hours. The results did not prove that Rhizophora mucronata leaf methanol extract was effective to inhibit antifungal activity against Candida Albicans and Aspergillus Niger fungi
Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Lipase Dari Rebung Bambu Betung Dendrocalamusasper
Full text linkThis research was conducted to get the extract of rough lipase produced by bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus asper). Lipase isolation from bamboo shoots was done by blending bamboo shoots to produce the crude extract of the enzyme. Lipase crude extracts that occurred at centrifugation at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes at 4°C. The crude extracts obtained were then tested using quantitative pH 7, temperature 30ºC and substrate 1% (v/v). Based on research there is activity of crude extract of lipase equal to 2,24 U/ml
Analisis Kadar Ion Pb2+ Pada Kangkung Darat (Ipomea Reptans Poir) Yang Diberi Air Lindi Dari Tpa Sampah Bukit Pinang Samarinda
Full text linkThe Research to determine the levels of Pb ion on swamp cabbage (Ipomoea reptans Poir) where each of media cropping given variation of leachate volume from TPA Bukit Pinang Samarinda for every 10 kg of soil has been carried out. Swamp cabbage was analyzed in the roots, stems and leaves at the age of 2 weeks to 4 weeks. The levels of Pb2+ ion was determined by dry destruction method, then measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Pb2+ ion was accumulated on the ground kale plants. The highest levels of Pb2+ ion was contained in the roots of ground kale plants on media cropping which added 1.5 L of leachate at the age of 3 weeks of 2.0642 mg / kg wet weight. The lowest level of Pb2+ ion was contained in the leaves of control plants at the age of 2 weeks that was 0.0177 mg / kg wet weight
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT PADA DAUN BERWARNA MERAH PUCUK MERAH (Syzygium myrtifolium walp.).
No full textThe study aims to find secondary metabolites isolated from leave of pucuk merah (Syzygium Myrtifilium Walp). The method used is maceration, fractionation, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and identified using Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) and Gass Cromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Phytochemical preliminary test of ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic and triterpenoids, while the results of phytochemical test against stains 2 ethyl acetate fraction showed a positive test result contains the alkaloid compounds and compounds phenolic. The results of the analysis using cluster bonding FT-IR emergence OH (Hydroksi), C-H (Aromatic), CH3 (Aliphatic), and CO Ether, whereas the MS chromatograms obtained peak (peak) which have a similarity value above 90% according to willey09th.L database. estimates of the results of the analysis can be concluded that the stain 2 ethyl acetate fraction is estimated compound 2,4-di-tersier-butyl-fenol.ABSTRACT
The study aims to find secondary metabolites isolated from leave of pucuk merah (Syzygium Myrtifilium Walp). The method used is maceration, fractionation, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and identified using Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) and Gass Cromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Phytochemical preliminary test of ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic and triterpenoids, while the results of phytochemical test against stains 2 ethyl acetate fraction showed a positive test result contains the alkaloid compounds and compounds phenolic. The results of the analysis using cluster bonding FT-IR emergence OH (Hydroksi), C-H (Aromatic), CH3 (Aliphatic), and CO Ether, whereas the MS chromatograms obtained peak (peak) which have a similarity value above 90% according to willey09th.L database. estimates of the results of the analysis can be concluded that the stain 2 ethyl acetate fraction is estimated compound 2,4-di-tersier-butyl-fenol.
Keywords: Secondary metabolites, Isolation dan fractionation, leave of pucuk merah (Syzygium Myrtifilium Walp.), 2,4-di-tersier-butyl-fenol
SINTESIS ASKORBIL LAURAT DARI METIL LAURAT DAN ASAM ASKORBAT MELALUI REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI DENGAN KATALIS LIPASE SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN
Full text linkAntioxidant are defined as compound that is capable of delay, postpone or prevent oxidation reaction, such as on foods and drugs. Antioxidant can be found in nature but the used is relatively limited because hydrophilic. This research aims to modified natural antioxidant so as be used in lipophilic media. Methyl laurate is one of a fatty acid ester potentialy can be used in industry. Modified were made by synthesize of methyl laurate and ascorbic acid through transesterification with catalyst is lipase from sesame seeds (Sesamun indicum L.) in a organic solvent such as acetone. Transesterification process does on reacton time at 36 hours at temperature (40-50) ºC and pH is 7 so has yield produced is 53,89 %. The result is ascorbyl laurate identified of the functional groups using by FT-IR spectrophotometer. Based on the result identification of the functional groups by FT-IR spectrophotometer, then do the analysis of antioxidant activity with a Radical Reduction Method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl). Antioxidant activity value IC50 is 40,57 ppm. This result indicated the potential of ascorbyl laurate as antioxidant.Antioxidant are defined as compound that is capable of delay, postpone or prevent oxidation reaction, such as on foods and drugs. Antioxidant can be found in nature but the used is relatively limited because hydrophilic. This research aims to modified natural antioxidant so as be used in lipophilic media. Methyl laurate is one of a fatty acid ester potentialy can be used in industry. Modified were made by synthesize of methyl laurate and ascorbic acid through transesterification with catalyst is lipase from sesame seeds (Sesamun indicum L.) in a organic solvent such as acetone. Transesterification process does on reacton time at 36 hours at temperature (40-50) ºC and pH is 7 so has yield produced is 53,89 %. The result is ascorbyl laurate identified of the functional groups using by FT-IR spectrophotometer. Based on the result identification of the functional groups by FT-IR spectrophotometer, then do the analysis of antioxidant activity with a Radical Reduction Method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl). Antioxidant activity value IC50 is 40,57 ppm. This result indicated the potential of ascorbyl laurate as antioxidant
Penentuan Total Fenolik Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Samama (Anthocephalus Macrophylus) Asal Ternate, Maluku Utara
Full text linkPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tanaman Samama atau Jabon Merah (Anthocephallus macrophyllus) asal Ternate Maluku Utara, serta menentukan hubungan antara kandungan total fenolik dengan aktivitas antioksidannya. Ekstrak etanol diperoleh dengan cara maserasi daun Samama yang telah dikeringkan dan dipisahkan berdasarkan umur daun (muda dan tua). Penentuan metabolit sekunder ekstrak dilakukan dengan skriining fitokimia yang menunjukkan adanya senyawa alkaloid, fenolik, steroid, dan saponin. Total fenolik ekstrak ditentukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu diperoleh kadar total fenolik sebesar 119,68 mgGAE/g untuk daun muda dan 210,22 mgGAE/g untuk daun tua. Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode DPPH diperoleh nilai IC50 80.34 µg/mL pada daun muda, dan 43.49 µg/mL pada daun tua samama. Kandungan total fenolik ekstrak daun samama dan nilai IC50-nya menunjukkan hubungan linier y = -2,4647x + 317,22 dengan nilai determinasi R2 = 0.999
UJI FITOKIMIA DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA NABATI
Full text linkResearch on phytochemical test and toxicity tests of leaf extract of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) as an insecticide plant have been conducted.. Gliricidia leaves macerated dried samples using ethanol and fractionated using a solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical test showed that it contains alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolic and flavonoid in total extract. N-hexane fraction containing steroids, triterpenoids and the phenolic. Ethyl acetate fraction containing steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic and saponin. Toxicity test method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest toxicity on shrimp larvae with LC50 values of 49.29 ppm. Test Activity as an insecticide plant conducted in animal infestation of rice (Sitophylusorizae Leach) Value LC50 is determined using a regression line between log concentration and probit mortality, the LC50 obtained is 2.831%. Analysis of the content of chemical compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Gliricidia produces 9 peak component compounds at mass spectra are shown from the results of GC-MS with 2 peaks compound dominant that serves as an insecticide plant them 2-(3H)-Benzofuranone, 3-methyl and dl-LimoneneResearch on phytochemical test and toxicity tests of leaf extract of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) as an insecticide plant have been conducted.. Gliricidia leaves macerated dried samples using ethanol and fractionated using a solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical test showed that it contains alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolic and flavonoid in total extract. N-hexane fraction containing steroids, triterpenoids and the phenolic. Ethyl acetate fraction containing steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic and saponin. Toxicity test method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest toxicity on shrimp larvae with LC50 values of 49.29 ppm. Test Activity as an insecticide plant conducted in animal infestation of rice (Sitophylusorizae Leach) Value LC50 is determined using a regression line between log concentration and probit mortality, the LC50 obtained is 2.831%. Analysis of the content of chemical compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Gliricidia produces 9 peak component compounds at mass spectra are shown from the results of GC-MS with 2 peaks compound dominant that serves as an insecticide plant them 2-(3H)-Benzofuranone, 3-methyl and dl-Limonene