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Pengaruh Variasi Holding Time dan Temperatur Paduan Polipropilena (PP) dengan Serat Sabut Kelapa Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Bending Pada Proses Injection Molding
Get PDFUtilization of composite materials as an alternative to metal materials in the expanding field of engineering. This is because the advantages possessed by Composite materials such as natural fibers into a lighter construction, corrosion resistance, and strength can be designed in accordance with the direction of loading. In this study, the authors make the specimen using coco fiber as a reinforcement of composite and polypropylene as a matrix with the holding time and temperature variations in the injection molding process. The purpose of this study to determine the tensile strength and bending as well as shape analysis and mikroskipis macroscopic fracture that occurs in the specimen by using a camera and microscope test equipment. Variations holding time is 7 seconds, 8 seconds, 9 seconds. Barrel temperature on the injection molding machine used is 180ºC, 190ºC, 200ºC and injection pressure of 7 bar. Of tensile and bending test results it can be concluded that there are significant variations of holding time and temperature on the mechanical properties of the composite strength values ​​were generated. In the holding time and temperature variations, occurring on average values ​​of tensile strength and bending at the highest temperature holding time is 9 seconds 190ºC is 11.42831 N/mm2. and a temperature holding time 8 seconds 180ºC ie 10,584 MPa. Keywords: holding time, temperature, injection molding, tensile strength, bending strengt
PENGIDENTIFIKASIAN ENTALPI BAHAN BAKAR PADAT (CHAR) DAN CAIR (TAR) HASIL PROSES PIROLISIS BIOMASA
Get PDFAn experimental study of pyrolysis method had been conducted to support alternative fuels demand. It was very attractive method to convert the biomass; mahogany wood to be the alternative fuels. For that reason, an appropriate pyrolyzer will be required to support the process. Due to thermochemical process, an occurred energy transfer all through the process considered not only the heat transfer mechanism but also the chemical reaction mechanism producing heat of reaction in the pyrolysis products (enthalpy). Therefore, the study aims to identify the influence of different temperatures on the measured enthalpy of pyrolysis by means of calorimetrical measurement. The biomass samples used mahogany wood that would be pyrolyzed in the experimental run. Afterward, the influence of temperature toward the solid (char) and liquid (tar) yields were investigated. The enthalpy yields formation would be presented by calorific/heating value of formed char/solid yields indicating important-physical properties of fuel. The results referred that the values of solid yield enthalpy were pointed in the increasing values with the increasing of pyrolysis temperature, however,the enthalpy values of tar inclined to temperature of 500°C. It would decline because the viscosity of tar becomes lighter. Keywords: Enthalpy, Char, Tar, Biomass, Pyrolysi
ANALISA VARIASI JUMLAH LILITAN PADA ALAT PENGHEMAT BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG MOTOR BENSIN 4 LANGKAH
Get PDFProcess combustion of fuel in room burn to be influenced by many factor , among others is temperature, closeness of mixture, composition, and turbulensi exist in mixture. When fuel temperature with air mount, hence will progressively easy to fuel with the air to on fire.Gas emission throw away which is yielded from combustion process at motor vehicle can have the character of poison and make negative effect at environment around, the mentioned in causing by less perfect combustion process, gas result of less the combustion perfect for example is CO, HC.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of electromagnets in the fuel line gasolin engine 4 step with variations in the number of windings on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption . The study was conducted in Laboratory Convert Energi Majors Technical Engineering Faculty Of Technique University Jember . Equipments which is used in the testing is Motor gasoline 4 Step with machine brand Honda Supra x 125D, Gas Analyzer , buret, measure glass, stop wach, tachometer , and accumulator 12 volt. used by materials is Premium RON 88, strand of metal have diameter to 0,6 cm, pipe have diameter to 1" with length 12 cm, and ring 18 cm.This study focuses on the variation of the number of windings on fuel saving devices on exhaust emissions of petrol 4 step. Analysis of the data sought includes AFR, Magnetic Field, Ampere each variation, emissions of CO gas (%), CO2 emissions (%), HC emissions (ppm), O gas emissions (%). Fuel Consumption (FC). From the research 2conducted, it can be concluded that the larger the number of winding electromagnets, the more binding the amount of oxygen in the combustion chamber , so it would be more optimal combustion. The lower the value of the FC (Fuel Consumtion), the lower the fuel consumption required for the performance of the engine. Variations in the amount of electromagnetic windings affect fuel consumption . Fuel consumption is the most efficient use of the variation found in the number of windings of the coil 1000 fuel standard state conditions of 0.57 Kg / hr to 0.43 Kg / h at 3000 RPM rotation with increased efficiency of about 8.14% . Although these results are smaller than the results of previous research by 20.35 % , but at engine speed 9000 RPM FC results of this study resulted in a lower , ie 0.81 Kg / hour compared to 1.19 Kg / hour.  Keywords : Magnetic Field, Emission Gas throw away , Fuel Consumtion
Analisis Kekuatan Tarik dan Tekan Cetakan Pasir akibat Variasi Ukuran Butir dan Kadar Pengikat Pasir Cetak
Get PDFMolding sand is one the most important thing in sand casting. The weak tensile strength and compressive strength of molding sand causes some defects, such as sand drop and sand inclusion. Therefore this research is done by varying grain size and percentage of binder in molding sand. The purpose of this research was to analyze the tensile strength and the compressive strength of sand mold due to variation of grain size and binder presentation. Each treatment will through tensile strength test and compressive strength test, then the data from the test will be analyzed by using ANOVAfor factorial experiments with SPSS 16.0 and a significance level of 5%. From the research and analysis conducted found that the tensile strength of the molding sand is influenced by the grain size and binder presentation, meanwhile the compressive strength is influenced by the binder presentation but is not affected by the grain size. The highest average value of the sand mold tensile strength is 0.912 N/mm2 and the highest average value of the sand mold compressive strength is 2.7567 N/mm2. Those values are achieved by the use of a mixture of GFN 40-50 AFS silica with a percentage binder as much as 1.5%. Keywords: Molding sand, grain size, binde
Analisa Respon Antilock Braking System(ABS) dan Energi yang Dibutuhkan Selama Proses Pengereman pada Jalan Menurun
Get PDFThe process of braking on downhill roads require greater energy due to the influence of gravity work by vehicle due to the tilt angle . This paper reports the results of modeling and simulation responses ABS and energy required during braking on a straight - path trajectory decreases. Vehicles with ABS modeled mathematically to obtain the dynamic equations of the system. With the Laplace transform transfer function obtained from the vehicle with ABS. And with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK software obtained response vehicle speed, wheel speed, wheel slip, braking distance, and the energy required during the braking process. In this study used the roadway with a variation of the angle θ decreases of 100, 200, 300. Assuming the initial speed of the vehicle at 40kph , it can be concluded that the simulation results show stopping distance was 31.08m, 32.96m, 34.77m with a stop time for 5.169s, 5.325s, 5.464s sequentially in order of angular variation. While the maximum power required during the braking process is 1.88kW, 3.71kW, 5.44kW. The results of calculation of the energy required during the braking process can be used as a reference in planning a regenerative braking system, the utilization of the energy wasted during braking, especially on the downhill road conditions. Keywords: Braking Energy, Regenerative Braking System (RBS), Antilock Braking System (ABS), Modelling ,Simulation
PEMANFAAT FREKUENSI BUNYI MATERIAL SEBAGAI DASAR PENGUJIAN MODULUS ELASTISITAS PADA PENGUJIAN TANPA MERUSAK (NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST)
Get PDFElastic modulus of material are usually obtained from tensile test. Tensile test categorized as destructive test. One of destructive test weakness is the testing specimen can not be reused. So we need alternative on elastic modulus test without damaging the specimen (non destructive test). This research aims to determine whether the sound frequency of material can be used as a basic for elastic modulus test as a non destructive test. On this research, two different test performed on the same specimen. First test is testing elastic modulus using sound frequency test (non destructive test) and second test is testing elastic modulus using tensile test (destructive test). Percentage error obtained from comparing percent error between those two tests. The results showed, in testing the elastic modulus of brass specimen has an error percentage of 10.33%, in testing the elastic modulus of aluminium specimen has an error percentage of 4.39%, and in testing the elastic modulus of steel specimen has an error percentage of 1.89%. Keywords: Elastic modulus, Non destructive test, Sound frequenc
KOMPARASI EFISIENSI MATERIAL BAJA KARBON St 37, BAJA KARBON St 41 DAN BAJA KARBON St 60 TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI DI MEDIA AIR MUARA SUNGAI (PAYAU) DENGAN METODE ELEKTROKIMIA
Get PDFMouth of the river is the meeting place of river water and sea water . water estuaries (brackish water) has asodium chloride content of between 1% -2.5 whether it's from natural sources around the surrounding river water or a mixture of sea water . many construction or structure that is attached to the mouth of the river environment made of metal materials, especially carbon steel. the use of steel in building structures in estuaries susceptible to corrosion due to environmental water containing chemical elements that are corrosive. Factors affecting corrosion such as temperature, acidity (pH), salinity (NaCl), the levels of chloride (Cl), the levels of sulfate (SO) as well as dissolved oxygen, causing easily corroded carbon steel. This study aims to determine the Comparative Efficiency of Steel St 37, St 41 Steel and Steel st 60 on the rate of corrosion in aqueous media estuaries with tool Potensiostat methods. This research is an experimental laboratory to design the post-test group design. From the results obtained data show the results of corrosion rate measurements made in this study that the greatest rate of corrosion occurring on the steel material St 37 is 29.527 mpy, St 41 steel was 27.548 mpy, and steel St 60 is 24,493 mpy. The results showed that the corrosion rate of steel st 37 has a very large corrosion rate in comparison steel and carbon steel st 41 high st 60. From the observation in micro on the trid specimen three is corrosion that resembles a uniform or evenly corrosion. A form of corrosion that results in a uniform attack on the entire surface of the metal. Keywords: Estuaries, The Rate of Corrosio
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENGAMAN PADA SEPEDA MOTOR DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SENSOR ENCODER DAN SENSOR PING
Get PDFoai:jurnal.unej.ac.id:article/1159The natural wealth of South Kalimantan is no doubt. abundant from across the border, so many stood mining companies, and housing estates. this resulted in local residents' income increases. Welfare is increased compared to regions or islands. With geographical location filled with hills, forests, plantations and swamps, became an important means of transportation in the mobilization of the results of mining, plantation and trading activities. Therefore, it takes a vehicle in the path of effective special / alternative narrow, winding, uphill and downhill to the extreme. The access road is worth it difficult to pass by the four wheels though. So one solution is a two-wheeled vehicle, the motorcycle. but the problem is security vehicles lately theft rife in both daytime or at night, in the house or outside the house, still theft can be done.Existing security system is not adequate to cope with theft / vehicle crime lately. so that the necessary breakthrough in addressing this problem by installing two sensors at the same time the ping ultrasonic sensor and encoder sensor. with the provisions of the ideal distance and height is obtained from ping ultrasonic sensor 0.4 meters and encoder sensor 4.92 meters. Keywords: ping ultrasonic sensor, encoder, mikrokontroller, lc
PENENTUAN UKURAN OPTIMUM KAPASITOR BANK DAN DUMMY LOAD PLTMH DENGAN GENERATOR INDUKSI
Get PDFA technique of determining the size of the capacitor and dummy load for hydroelectric power generation system that uses an induction machine as generator is done by creating a model of the components and systems in Matlab and prepare the scenario of loading and setting of system parameters in order to obtain the size of the capacitor and dummy load were optimum at once . The simulation results can already provide information about the size of all these component sizes and once inform the maximum active power limit that can be borne by the generator . In this paper the assignment scenario is purely resistive load and therefore has not investigated whether the method could also be used to determine the size of the components of a system in which there are inductive loads . Keywords: Capacitor Bank, PLTMH, Asynchronous Generato
PENAMBAHAN DAN VARIASI DIMENSI SIRIP ALUMINIUM PADA TUBE TERHADAP LAJU DAN EFEKTIVITAS PERPINDAHAN PANAS DALAM HEAT EXCHANGER TIPE SHELL AND TUBE
Get PDFHeat exchanger is a device that serves to change temperature and the phase of fluid. By utilizing heat transfer between two fluids with different temperature from the higher temperature fluid to a lower temperature fluid. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition aluminum fins and dimensional variations on the effectiveness shell and tube heat exchanger. Heat Exchanger was tested by varying the dimensions of the aluminum fins on the tube from the tube without fins, fin tube with a length of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm. Tests carried out in counter flow so that the heat transfer rate will be better than the directional flow. Of the test will come out hot fluid temperature and cold fluid temperature out. The results showed decreases in the rate of heat transfer fins greater dimension and the dimension of the highest effectiveness without fins. The highest effectiveness is 25.85% in tube without fins. It can be concluded that the addition of fin in this research will reduce the effectiveness of the heat exchanger shell and tube type. Keywords: Aluminum, effectiveness, fin dimension, heat exchange