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KAJIAN EKSPERIMENTAL ALATMULTI FUNGSI BERCATU DAYA TERMOELEKTRIKUNTUK PENDINGINAN DAN PEMANASAN
Get PDFThe versatile tool from thermoelectric power supply has been made and has satisfied performance. The selection of material and tool is chosen based on the product availability in the market and the cooling device is selected based on the number of cooling load. Thermoelectric cooler is one of the electrical components that transfer a heat to another side by electric discharge. Cold temperature generated in the cold side is used to cooling the working fluid and the heat temperature is used to heating the water. The water is used as cooling fluid and used as much as 3L to cooling the room temperature where it is integrated by fan to either accelerate the heat absorption process or dispose the heat. Small heat exchanger is used to expand the heat absorption area in a cooling room. The results show that cooling element is capable to work constantly on the cooling power for one element by 37 W. Meanwhile in the tool characteristics, it is capable to produce low temperature of 13°C that begins in 40th minute. In addition, warm water temperature with volume of 30L is capable to produce 45°C. The maximum efficiency from cooling device is occurred when the different temperature in both side is nearly minimum. Coefficient of performance (COP) of cooling system is obtained at 0,58.
Keywords: thermoelectric, cooling room system, COP (coefficient of performance
APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI CATALYTIC CONVERTER SISTEM SERABUT BAJA KARBON RENDAH PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR SEBAGAI PEREDUKSI POLUSI UDARA
Get PDFTechnology of motor vehicles that are environmental friendly and fuel-efficient has been a demands in this era of energy crisis and global warming. The growth in number of motor vehicles which are very rapidly has raised the issue of air pollution that should be immediately resolved. Material utilization of iron (Fe) containing low carbon steel is often called low carbon as material for reducing pollution in this study applies principles of catalysation in motor vehicle exhaust gas pollutants with the material. The purpose of this research is generating a product of an architecture modification exhaust pollutants reducing motor vehicle by applying the technology of catalytic converter to reduce pollutant gases like CO and HC that are contained in the exhaust gas, as well as improving performance of the machine. The methods used to achieve these goals is the experimental method, which starts with design and creating of modification reducing exhaust gas as well as testing the effectiveness for emissions level and testing the poduct against the performance of the machine. The results of this research is the use of modification exhaust with application of catalytic converter technology with low carbon steel filler metals as catalysts in motor gasoline four steps can lower the levels of concentration of exhaust pollutants carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC), increase torque, power, and lower fuel consumption than a standard exhaust conditions. Testing with a percentage of 75% volume of fibres low carbon steel has the best average results in the reduction of carbonmonoxide (CO) gases of 0.41% (lowered levels of CO 71.79% from the standard exhaust conditions) and hydrocarbons (HC) by 77.89 ppm (lowered levels of HC 61,25%), also can generate an increase in the average torque of 15.46% (with an average value of 4.23 Kg. m), an increase of the average effective power of 19.14% (with an average value of 11.76 HP), and decreasing in fuel consumption of 18.51% (with an average value of 1.48 Kg/hour) of the standard exhaust treatment conditions.
Keywords: Catalytic Converter, Low Carbon Steel, Hydrocarbon, Carbonmonoxid
STUDI PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA SAVONIUS WATER TURBINE PADA ALIRAN AIR DALAM PIPA
Get PDFRainwater, flowed through a pipe, has potential energy that can be used to drive a turbine coupled with generator. Savonius water turbine with horizontal axis is used here as the turbine. The research compares the Savonius water turbine with different blade number of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 using Computational Fluid Design (CFD) of SolidWork 2013. The turbine specifications have the angle of curvature about 70°, the aspect ratio of 1, the end plate ratio of 1,1 and deflector angle of 45°. The data obtained in this paper are the pressure contour of Savonius turbine blade, the velocity of fluid flow and the torque generated. The aims of the research are to obtain the influence of the blade number in the Savonius turbine to the turbine performances and to obtain the best of blade number. The results show that two blades has the best performances compared with the others. It has the highest torque about 5,75 Nm for the same conditions as well.
Keywords: power, Savonius turbine, torque, blade, flo
STUDI NUMERIK 2-D PENGARUH PRANDTL NUMBER DAN SUB-CRITICAL REYNOLDS NUMBER TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ALIRAN DAN PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA SINGLE CIRCULAR CYLINDER
Get PDFThe phenomenon of the process of flow and heat transfer in single circular cylinder is the base concept to determine the characteristics of flow and heat transfer in a circular cylinder arranged in a particular pattern , the practical application is widely used in industries such as determining the design arrangement of tube or pipe in the tool of heat tranfer (heat exchangers). The amount of heat transfer when the fluid flow across (cross flow) circular cylinder indicated by the parameter Nusselt number, be it is local Nusselt number (NuФ) and Average Nusselt number ( is strongly influenced by the Prandtl number and Reynolds number, where the area in the boundary layer that contribution is very large in the process of heat transfer is a stagnation point at the laminar boundary layer region, reattachment of the shear layer region on the transition boundary layer and periodic vortex flow region (turbulent boundary layer) in the region wake. Fluid flow phenomena and periodic vortex flow region accompanied by the occurrence of vortex shedding and Karman vortex street. The method used in this research is the study of numerical 2-D unsteady RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes), using simulation analysis SST k-ω turbulence models in software CFD FLUENT to obtain data relating to the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer. Validation of numerical use grid independence according to Nusselt number of experimental results and the results of calculations using the empirical correlation equation. Numerical studies showed significant results that the Nusselt number is influenced by the value of Reynolds number and Prandtl number and can be used as a basis concept for studying the mechanism of the phenomenon of the concept of flow and heat transfer tube banks of heat exchangers. Value of local Nusselt number (NuФ) numerical simulation results increased with increasing Reynolds number and Prandtl number, where NuФ = 21.55 up to NuФ = 128.2, and from NuФ = 21.55 up to NuФ = 598.76.
Keywords: Nusselt number Prandtl number, Reynolds number, 2-D unsteady RANS, SST k-ω turbulence mode
PERUBAHAN MASSA DAN NILAI KALOR CHAR DENGAN VARIASI HEATING RATE DAN TEMPERATUR PADA PIROLISIS SERBUK KAYU MAHONI (SWITENIA MACROPHYLLA)
Get PDFProduct pyrolysis process is char, tar and gas. Char important parameters are the mass and caloric value. Therefore, this study discusses the effect of temperature and heating rate due the mass and low heating value. Variations heating rate used was 673 K / h and 1073 K / h.Temperature heatingis varied 523 K, 623 K, 723 K, 773 K and 873 K for each heating rate .The heating temperature is provide by eletric heater with control system (arduino uno system). The measurement is donefor biomass and char mass using measuring cup and measured using mass scale. Bomb calorimeter is used to measure teh low heating value Sawdust mahogany dried powder with temperatures 383-398 K. Sawdust mahogany dry pyrolysis with variations planned. The heating process pyrolysis is taken for 180 minutes using stopwatch.The result show that theheating rate and temperatur has effect due mass char product.The results show that char mass tend to decrease due to heating rate and temperature increasing.. Low heating value tend to increase due to heating rate and temperature increasing.
Keywords: Pyrolysis, sawdust mahogany, heating rate, temperature, mass,low heating valu
PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CANGKANG BEKICOT (ACHATINA FULICA) DENGAN METODE PENCUCIAN DRY WASHING
Get PDFBiodiesel is an alternative fuel from renewable sources with the composition of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal oils. Biodiesel production from used cooking oil was counducted to determine the effect of basa heterogen catalyst of snail shell that used on a transesterification reaction with dry washing method for the yield and quality of biodiesel based on the quality standard of Biodiesel according to SNI No. 04 – 7182-2006. The study was designed using Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL) with two factors, the concentration of catalyst (K): (6, 7 and 8%) and the concentration of magnesium silicate (M): (1 and 1.5%). The parameters analyzed include biodiesel yield, viscosity, density, acid number, flash point, cloud point , water content and heat value. The results showed that the highest yield of 63% was obtained from treatment of the catalyst concentration 6% and magnesium silicate 1% with the quality of biodiesel: viscosity of 5.692 mm2 / s, density of 867.8 kg / m3, the number of acid 0.605 Mg-KOH/Kg, a flash point of 160 oC, 12 oC cloud point, the water content of 0.08% and a heat value of 41.379 MJ / Kg.
Keywords : Biodiesel, Catalyst Heterogenous, Snail Shell, Dry Washin
UJI TABRAK KOMPONEN PINTU DAN BAMPER MOBIL LISTRIK BERBAHAN KOMPOSIT SERAT TEBU DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Get PDFIn each design do have to consider the strength of the material. The force that must be considered regarding the dimensions, materials, and the structure of the workpiece. This research will be discussed on the analysis of stress concentration crash test specimen doors and bumpers electric car with the finite element method. The finite element method is a numerical method used to solve technical problems and physical symptoms metematis which include stress, strain, force, and vibration analysis. The finite element method is to compare between calculation using CATIA software and use manual calculation. In this case the finite element method to be used is the finite element method 2D triangular elements with 3 nodes. From this study, the largest and smallest stress to the crash test door electric car is8.65 x 106 N/m2 and 1.71 x 105 N/m2. while stress for the largest and smallest electric car bumper crash test are: 4.69 x 107 N/m2 and 1.01 x 106 N/m2.
Keywords: stress, crash test, the electric car doors and bumpers
RANCANG BANGUN SEPEDA LISTRIK UNTUK PENDERITA CACAT KAKI
Get PDFThis time the need of transport's mode for the disabled leg is not maximized. To fulfill these need, we need the necessary transportation tools, one of the tools is a bike. However, the existing bike cannot be used for patients with leg disabilities. The purpose of this research is to design an electric bike wake for the disabled leg with movers using hand paddles and electric system. Bikes are made to be able to provide a low risk of injury while driving and can be used on any terrain. This research will be focused on the design and make electric bike frame for the disabled leg with brushless motor drive and battery charging via PLN's electricity. The stages of the research is the first stage of drafting the bike according to the list of needs. The concept design electric bikes are made with size 1270 x 850 x 1226 mm and uses three wheels. For the movers using brushless DC motors 350 Watt / 48 V with battery accu used 12V / 7 Ah combined series of 4 pieces battery and for manual use paddle power hand. The second stage of is the process of making electric bike. The third stage of is the process of testing an electric bike. Tests performed include testing the strength of the frame, tilt test and movers’s test on the bike. From the results of Static test performed that by loading 70 kg on the bike showed the bike suffered no damage and passed the test. In testing of stability with position of the front wheel facing upwards, downwards and sideways with make a tilt angle of 100. The test results revealed bike was not damaged and will not tip so the bike passed the test. For the test movers electric bike, the speed of electric bicycles from testing up to 20Km / h on a straight road for 1 hour and charging time for 3.5 hours using a charge battery 48V / 2A through voltage PLN’s source.
Keywords: Foot deformity, Stability, Electric bike
PENGARUH SUDUT KELENGKUNGAN SUDU SAVONIUS PADA HORIZONTAL AXIS WATER TURBINE DI ALIRAN DALAM PIPA
Get PDFWater turbine is a device that works to convert water energy into mechanical energy in the form of a torque in turbine shaft. In this study, the angle of attack of Savonius water turbine with horizontal axis (HAWT), simulated using “Solidworks Flow Simulation†software, is obtained by applying the model in a flow through a pipe. The angle of attack used in this simulation is varied from 110°, 120°, 130° and 140°. The aims of this research are to obtain the optimum angle of attack with a debit of 0,0122 m3/s. Then the angle of attack of the blade is evaluated based on the torque, pressure contour and fluid velocity distribution. The results show that the optimum angle of attack is found at 120° with the torque about 3,8 Nm.
Keywords: picohydro, angle of attack, solidwork, savonius, torqu