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PENAMBAHAN SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DALAM RANGKA MEREDUKSI BERAT KOMPOSIT PAPAN SEMEN
Get PDFInventories of oil palm empty fruit bunches palm (EFBP) at oil palm factories are very abundant. This will be a problem if the handling is not serious. Utilization of EFBP fiber as a technical material is one effort that can be done in order to help reduce the problem of EFBP waste in palm oil mill. EFBP fibers as the substance of fibrous cement board aims to reduce to the weight of the material without lowering its strength. The method of making fibrous cement board by mixing EFBP fiber into dough with 12% marble powder ratio, 10% CaCO3 powder and EFBP fiber volume and portland cement are varied. The addition of EFBP fibers as much as 16% of the total volume can decrease the weight by 15.2%. The results showed that the cement board based on EFBP fibers under optimum conditions has a tensile strength of 1.58 Mpa, density (Ï) of 1519 k g / cm3 and bending strength of 2.61 MPa. Thus, the addition of EFBP fiber to the production of cement board has the potential to be mass produced
Keywords : cement board , fibre, EFB
PENGARUH POST-TREATMENT PLASMA CVD LAPISAN DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON TERHADAP SIFAT KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN BAJA AISI 410
Get PDFThis study is aimed to determine the effect of post-treatment plasma CVD on diamond-like carbon films of surface hardness AISI 410 steel. Enhancement of surface hardness on AISI 410 can be done with deposition thin layer by plasma CVD, and continued by post-treatment plasma CVD. Mixture of Ar (90%) with CH4 (10%), and He (76%) with CH4 (24%) are used as thin layer material. Deposition parameter of pressure, temperature, and time that been used are 1.6 mbar, 300 °C, and 4 hours, respectively. Furthermore, post-treatment process parameter is used by Ar gas, with pressure of 1 mbar, temperature 300 °C, and variation time of 10, 20, 30 minutes. Surface hardness test is used by Vickers microhardness tester. Cross-section microstructure and chemical compositions are examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Based on surface hardness test, the surface hardness on AISI 410 is increased by post-treatment process. The surface hardness from 232.3 VHN increase to 301.2 VHN is produced by post-treatment of compound Ar-CH4 in 20 minutes. Futhermore, the surface hardness from 1,035.8 VHN increase to 1,743.2 VHN is produced by post-treatment of compound He-CH4 in 30 minutes.
Keywords: Post-treatment, Surface hardness, AISI 410, Ar-CH4, He-CH
OPTIMALISASI HASIL PROSES WIRE-CUT EDM DENGAN METODE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA)
Get PDFSome of the desired performance of the machining process Wire-Cut Electric Discharge Machining CV. Catur Prasetya Packindo is rate workmanship short and surface roughness of lower cutting. The problem is how to manage the performance of process variables that can be optimized simultaneously.To perform the optimization process must first be determined the relationship between the performance of the machining process wire cut to variable Interpulse process, Electric current, Wire Speed and Variable Frequency with PCA method.The relationship model is obtained from experiments carried out by the draft Central Composite Design (CCD) .Optimasi response is made with the help of Minitab software 16. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from experimental results. Variable response to be observed include material processing rate (MRR), cutting time, cutting width, surface roughness (Ra), then a constant variable is a variable process that is not examined. These variables are maintained during the experimental process so it does not affect the results.In order to estimate the contribution of the influence of each factor on the response so that the accuracy of the model used can be determined, then used analysis of variance (ANOVA) which is a quantitative calculation techniques. To determine the extent to which the accuracy of the values that are statistically stationary generate value optimal response, then validated against the values stationary.To prove the presence or absence of a deviation between the results of the validation test will be conducted on the calculation of the sample one for setting optimum parameters for a confirmation test. Optimization of the cutting material samples SKD-11 is around 15 mm to produce the shortest time 5 minutes 21 seconds, cutting the narrowest width of 0.481 mm, the minimum surface roughness in Ra of 6.0 μm and maximum MRR was 13,93 . The fourth value is the best setting parameters obtained from the optimization by setting a value Pulse interval of 9, electric current of 10 Wire speed by 5 and variable frequency by 80
ANALISIS MESIN FILLING MINYAK GORENG BERBASIS PLC MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENAKAR DAN TIMER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI
Get PDFSince 2006 Indonesia has become the world's largest producer of Crude Palm Oil. Also, palm oil is a strategic commodity both as food (cooking oil). The need for self-cooking oil every day is increasing, causing businessmen who plunge not only to have significant capital but many from SMEs and MSMEs who start a cooking industry in the home industry. In the home industry for cooking oil packaging, the manual method is still used, which is to drain oil from the reservoir to the package through a pipe that is given a tap to open and close. This study studied PLC-based cooking oil filling machines using a timer and timer method to improve efficiency, charging speed, errors as small as possible and to increase production capacity. The test results showed that the cooking oil filling process using the measuring method had an average of 159,478 (g / dt) with an average oil yield of 689.2 grams with an error rate of 0.23%. While the timer method has an average filling speed of 164.336 (g / dt) with an average oil yield of 692.08 grams with an error of 0.336%. The timer method has a faster-charging speed compared to the measuring process, but for the error rate, the purpose is better than the timer method. This is due to the way of using the rotary encoder sensor when charging, so the time required for charging is a little long but with a small error rate. While the timer method uses a timer sensor that is on the PLC to make charging directly into the bottle but has a more significant error compared to using the measuring process. For engine capacity, it is better to use a timer method that produces 5145 liters/day while the gauge method is only 4984 liters/day. whereas for efficiency, it is better the process of measuring is 99.68%, and the timer method is 99.27%
Keywords: Timer Method, Measuring Method, Cooking Oil Filling Machine and PL
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA MESIN PENGIRIS TEMPE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIFITAS UMKM KERIPIK TEMPE DI DESA SILIRAGUNG KECAMATAN SILIRAGUNG
Get PDFTempe is a favorite food of Indonesian society either from the bottom to the upper class of society. In addition to the cheap price, protein and other nutrients in tempe can meet some of the daily nutritional needs of Indonesian society. As soybean, tempe can also be processed into several foods that are tasty, nutritious and have high economic value. One of processed products using tempe as raw material is tempe chips. Given the increasing prices of basic needs that exist today, many people do small and medium enterprises to meet the basic needs. One of them is by doing tempe chips business. Nowadays, a lot of small business community found selling tempe chips, one of which is in the Siliragung, Banyuwangi. Because the taste is tasty and crunchy, tempe chips are much preferred. In designing the machine, partners and students of Mechanical Engineering Program are involved. The initial phase of this devotional activity is to conduct a survey in order to identify problems faced by partners and conduct a literature study to find solutions to partner problems. After the solution of partner problems obtained, the next step is to design the required machine that is tempe slicing machine. The machine to be made is expected to help the community in increasing the productivity / production capacity of tempe chips compared with manual or traditional process so that the production time can be shortened and the income of the society increases.
Keywords: tempe slicing machine, tempe, productivity
FABRIKASI DAN PENGUJIAN TARIK PIPA KOMPOSIT BERPENGUAT SERAT WOL DENGAN ADITIF PARTIKEL MONTMORIILLONITE
Get PDFComposite is one kind of material created by the merger of two or more kinds of materials that have different properties into one new materials with different properties. Composites are also widely used in the automotive industry. The use of composite particles of montmorillonite (MMT) is expected to contribute to the development of alternative materials made from clay. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of particle size variation of the value of the tensile strength of the pipe Composite wool fibers with additive MMT particles, determine the effect of particle size variation of the morphology Composite pipe wool fibers with additive MMT particles after the drop test. The method used is the method of filament winding. For the testing standards used for tensile tests using ASTM D 2290. From the test results can be concluded that there are significant variations in particle size (MMT) against the tensile strength values with an average value of 20 = 49.08 MPa mesh, mesh 40 = 63.86 MPa, mesh 60 = 107.21 MPa, 138.78 MPa = 80 mesh, 100 mesh = 167.58 MPa, 120 = 190.05 mesh, mesh 150 = 210.89 MPa
PERANCANGAN MESIN PEMERAS LENDIR BIJI KAKAO (DEPULPER) TIPE ROTARY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MUTU BIJI BUAH KAKAO DESA SUMBERAGUNG KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Get PDFThe purpose of this activity is to improve the productivity of the farmers in the success of cocoa fruit through the use of appropriate technology for the separation of coco seeds / squeezer machine, with the application of this technology is expected to assist farmers in the production process so that the quality results of cocoa produced will be more optimal. Cocoa bean separator machine serves to accelerate the process of separation of salut which during this process is still manually and takes a long time. This salute separator machine as much as possible the process is easy and the results are really on target. The main objective of making cocoa depulper is to assist cocoa farmers in the process of harvesting and improving the quality of crops so that the needs of cocoa farmers can be fulfilled.
Keywords: cocoa, salute, depulper, rotary syste
PENGARUH LAJU PREKURSOR SERBUK ALUMINIUM TERHADAP BENTUK MORFOLOGI NANOPARTIKEL ALUMINA DENGAN METODE THERMAL PLASMA
Get PDFThe synthesis of nanoparticles using thermal DC plasma method is a simple method for ease of installation and high efficiency is due to the rate of precursor that can be controlled. Micro-sized aluminum powder is synthesized using thermal DC plasma undergoing a process of evaporation as it passes through high temperature plasma flame, where kemuadian oxidized aluminum particles which evaporates the particles are split and binds with oxygen to form aluminum oxide or also known as alumina (Al2O3). In this experiment, the flow rate of oxygen plasma parameters at 35 SCFH (Standard Cubic Feet per Hour) and 20 amperes flows with precursors rate variation of 1.16 g / min, 3.19 g / min, and 3.5 g / min. Precursors used is 88 micro sized aluminum powder. To determine the morphology of nanoparticles of alumina testing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology form of nanosphere. Results of the analysis showed that the rate of precursor low causing agglomeration level slightly while the higher rate of precursor agglomeration rate also increased. At the rate of precursor 1.16 g / min, nanoparikel undergo agglomeration with an average particle size of 36.55 nm, and then at a rate of 3.19 gr precursor / mnt an average particle size of 46.49 nm, and at a rate of 3.5 gr / mnt an average particle size of 46.49 nm. The powder nanoparticles were then characterized using X-ray defraksi (XRD) where all alumina nanoparticles were synthesized showed alumina phase that is formed is a phase δ-Al2O3.
Keywords: Alumina nanoparticles, DC Thermal Plasma, morphology, precursor rate, nanoparticles size, SEM, XRD
PENGARUH PERMUKAAN ALUR KEMBANG (TREAD PATTERN) BAN TYPE RADIAL PLY TERHADAP ROLLING RESISTANCE
Get PDFRolling Resistance is a resistance to the wheels that will and have been rolling due to the force of friction between the wheels with the road surface of the wheel. Rolling resistance is influenced by four factors, that is vehicle weight, road surface, transmission, and tires. This study usefull to determine the influence of tread pattern surface to force and coefficient rolling resistance, tire surface contact area and tire pressure value. In this study using motorcycle tires with size 90/90-17. The tire used is a tire with RIB tread pattern (straight groove) and LUG tread pattern (zig-zag groove). Each type of RIB and LUG tread pattern used each of two tires that is the type of simple tread pattern and the complex tread pattern. From the results of the study showed that the tire with a simple tread pattern will produce a small force of rolling resistance but will result in a larger surface tire surface contact than the tire with the complex tread pattenr. While for the tire with the type complex tread pattern has a greater pressure value that will produce a great rolling resistance force. For tires get the best rolling resistance force is the tire with a simple LUG tread pattern of 10.234 N and followed by a tire with a simple RIB tread pattern type of 10.563 N.
Keywords: tread pattern, rolling resistance, rib, lug
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR UAP AIR NIRA AREN TERHADAP PRODUKSI ALKOHOL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF
Get PDFDestilationi Process for making of alcohol by fraksination vapour, can yield rate of high alcohol, with palm water newly tapped as a media. Equipment of Destilation designedly and also constructed from metal substance / stainles steel is a means of the examination, where component of equipments ; basin boiled of water , basin of palm water, channel of fracsination, alcohol arrester, cooler, and the hose of alcohol recervoir. The Examination of method is execute variation of change of temperature vapour palm water in boiled tube. For the vapour temperature 81 0C make the rate of alcohol 95%, vapour temperature 85 0C make the rate of alcohol 90% and the vapour temperature 90 0C yielding rate of alcohol 87%. Alcohol of rate is excelsior at temperature of palm water vapour which lower and also volume result of catching less be accompanied with duration of combustion time.
Keyword : Equipment of Destilation, fraksination, alcohol, bio-fuel, palm of wate