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ANALISIS PARAMETER INJECTION MOLDING TERHADAP WAKTU SIKLUS DAN CACAT FLASH PRODUK TUTUP BOTOL 180 ML MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI
Get PDFAt present plastic becomes inseparable from human life especially in the food and beverage industry. One of the methods used in the manufacturing process of plastic products is injection molding. Injection molding is one of manufacturing technique that consists of a series of cyclical processes and is used to produce thermoplastic materials. The effect of the combination of process parameters impact on the product results such as the quantity and quality of the product, the non-conformity of the parameters causes the production to be not optimal. One method that can be used for optimization is the taguchi method. The taguchi method is a set of special matrices called orthoghonal arrays that are used as reference in the determination combination of parameters and level values. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal cycle time and net of the product on the process of making 180 ml bottle cap but by minimizing flash defects. The method used in this phase is ANOVA, and the calculation of taguchi method by using minitab 16 software. From the result of the research, the result of optimal condition is combination injection pressure 1320 bar, injection speed 50 mm/s, holding pressure 300 bar, and nozzle temperature 255oC produces a cycle time value of 15.72 seconds and netto 3.56 grams. This result is better than the setting of the company that produces 16.66 seconds cycle time and entered in the net range of 4 ± 0.5 grams resulting in an increase in production of 5.97%. While with combination of injection pressure 1280 bar, injection speed 50 mm / s, holding pressure 300 bar, and nozzle temperature 245oC resulted in fewer number of flash defects compared to company setting that is 12 units from 80 units of sample.
Keywords: flash deffect, injection molding, taguchi method, cycle tim
EFISIENSI MESIN PEMBAKARAN DAN KINERJA SISTEM PEMANASAN BAHAN BAKAR MELALUI SISTEM PIPA KNALPOT
No full textExhaust Pipe Preheated Fuel System (EP2FS) is a fuel heating system that utilizes wasted heat from the exhaust. Heating the fuel aims to increase the homogeneity of the mixture of fuel and air to improve the combustion process in the engine. Making EP2FS requires careful design and calculation because the temperature of the fuel must not exceed 60 oC so as not to evaporate. The design and estimation use the helical heat exchanger (theory of heat transfer). The system that is ready will be applied in motorized vehicles to be tested for combustion efficiency and performance.
Keywords: Fuel Preheating, Engine Performance, Helical Heat Exchange
ANALISIS KETAHANAN KOROSI PIPA A53 PADA LINGUNGAN OIL SLUDGE DENGAN METODE C-RING
Get PDFCorrosion is the degradation of the material surface due to reaction with the environment. Steel pipe is one of the materials vulnerable to corrosion because the piping system is always in contact with the outside environment. This research have a purpose to know influence of cold working about corrosion resistance pipe A53 on oil sludge salt water and oil sludge pond environment with c-ring method. Oil sludge is sediment of crude oil thats contain water, sediment, and oil thats can be processed again. The cold working process is carried out by providing bending loads of 114 kg, 140 kg, and 160 kg, and one material without bending. Process of corrosion testing uses weight loss method by weighing the material before it is corroded and after corrosion. Result of test showed that there was an increase of hardness on the material with bending load of 114 kg, 140 kg, and 160 kg respectively of 103.33 BHN, 134.00 BHN, and 187.66 BHN, while the material without bending had a hardness of 93.33 BHN. Corrosion rate on material without bending with oil sludge salt water is 2,12 x 10-2 mmpy while in oil sludge pond equal to 1,67 x 10-2 mmpy. Materials with bending loads of 114 kg, 140 kg, and 160 kg have a corrosion rate of 2.35 x 10-2 mmpy, 2.88 x 10- 2 mmpy, and 4.18 x 10-2 mmpy on oil sludge salt water, and 1.19 x10-2 mmpy, 2.15 x 10-2 mmpy, and 3.09 x 10-2 mmpy on oil sludge pond. Oil sludge of salt water is more reactive than oil sludge pond because it contains sea water composed of NaCl compounds which is a corrosive environment .The given bending load results in strain hardening followed by increased energy on the material so that the corrosion rate increases. Cold treatment provided resulted in cracks on the surface of the material so that the corrosion was localized to the crack and formed pitting.
Keywords : A53, Oil Sludge, Strain Hardening, Weight Los
SIMULASI PENGARUH STEAM-TO-CARBON RATIO DAN TUBE OUTLET TEMPERATURE TERHADAP REAKSI STEAM REFORMING PADA PRIMARY REFORMER DI PABRIK AMONIAK
Get PDFSteam reforming, the reaction in Ammonia plant between natural gas and H2O becoming H2 and CO/CO2, is occurred in Primary Reformer and being completed in Secondary Reformer. In Primary Reformer, the reaction commonly occurred at 450-800oC and 36 bars. The endothermic reaction occurred in Ni-based catalyst inside the tube. The heat for this reaction came from the heat of reaction of combustion in the furnace (outer-tube). The flow of H2 will increase along with the increasing flow of the feed gas and the heat transferred from outer-tube to inner-tube. In the other side, there will be energy increasing. So there’s a need of optimization. The need of energy influenced by many parameters e.g. Steam-to-Carbon Ratio (S/C) and Tube Outlet Temperature (Tout) of Primary Reformer. Commonly S/C is 3.20 and maximum Tout is 800oC. That’s why; optimization was conducted by energy calculation at various S/C and Tout. Firstly, reaction and heat transfer in inner-tube and outer-tube were modeled, so we can get the data of temperature and gas composition outlet inner-tube. Then, energy consumption which came from process gas, fuel gas and steam generation was calculated. The range of S/C 2.70-3.70 and Tout 700oC-800oC were chosen for the simulation. The simulation result shown that the need of energy per kmol-H2 outlet Primary Reformer at S/C 3.20 and Tout 800oC was 573.11 MJ/kmol-H2. The need of energy per kmol-H2 outlet Primary Reformer at S/C 3.50 and Tout 780oC (20oC below common Tout) was 573.01 MJ/kmol-H2. It means that decreasing Tout (for tube lifetime increasing) must be compensated with increasing S/C.
Keywords: Primary Reformer, Steam to Carbon Ratio, Tube Outlet Temperatur
ANALISIS KESTABILAN AERODINAMIKA PADA RUDDER PESAWAT TERBANG N2XX PADA KONDISI LEFT ENGINE INOPERATIF (LEI)
Get PDFAirplane stability is required when the aircraft has a left engine in operative (LEI). LEI is the condition of the left engine part of the aircraft not functioning when flying or taking off. The LEI can be anticipated by using a rudder as support. The purpose of this study was to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the rudder. The research methodology is by rudder aerodynamic analysis using Datcom digital software simulation. The simulation input data consists of: coefficient of yowing deflection of debt (CNDR) = -0.0022889 / deg, and Vertical Volume (Vv) = 0.0830. Previous tests used VV = 0.79 and then VV = 0.83. The results showed that the number Vv = 0.83 was more stable compared to Vv = 0.79. The research conclusions are that if the plane experiences an LEI, then the stability of the rudder is conditioned as follows: Vv = 0.083, CNDR = -0.0022889 / degree, lift coefficient CL = 1.8837 and angle of attack (α) = 8.3277.
Keywords: Left engine in operative, vertical volume, Digital Datcom, Angle of attac
PENGARUH KETINGGIAN TERBANG TERHADAP ENDURANCE MAKSIMUM TERBANG JELAJAH PESAWAT N219 MENGGUNAKAN METODE Pr-V
Get PDFAs a plane that is still in flight testing period then the N219 aircraft needs to be assessed for evaluation purposes. Focus in this study is on field of performance. This field is studied to determine the performance of N219 aircraft especially in the cruise phase. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of variations in the selection of flying alititudes on the achievement of maximum endurance flying. The calculation method is done by using Pr-V graph. This method is used to determine the maximum endurance through the minimum power required curve. The result show that the increase in flying height cause the decrease of air density. This happens because the pressure and temperature of the air also decreases with increasing height. In addition, the increase in flying altitude also affects the fuel flow. Fuel flow decrease with increasing altitude. Conversely, the maximum endurance increases with the increase in altitude. This happens because the endurance is derived from the division of the fuel flow weight, so the endurance is inversely proportional to the fuel flow. The lowest maximum endurance value occurs at sea level is 6,48 jam, and the highest maximum endurance value occurs at 10.000 ft is 8,65 jam.
Keywords: Endurance, cruise, altitud
OPTIMASI WAKTU SIKLUS PRODUKSI KEMASAN PRODUK 50 ML PADA PROSES BLOW MOULDING DENGAN METODE RESPON PERMUKAAN
Get PDF50 ml bottle is being processed by blow molding. There are many parameters that influence cycle time during production; This study aims to determine the influence of process variables, ie blowing time, blowing pressure and stop time of the response variable, namely the cycle time, the net and volume. In addition, to get the value for the optimization of the production cycle time 50 ml bottle while maintaining the value of quality in the bottle, ie the net value and volume. Each parameter is determined three chosen level. Middle level is taken from standard setting of machining which is being used by industry. Top and bottom level is randomized. Three stopping time are 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 second. Blowing time are 8, 9 and 10 second. Where as, blowing pressures 5, 5.75 and 6.5 bar. Combination of among levels is based on Box Behnken design. Those three parameters are called variable process. In the other hand, variable responses are cycle time, netto and volume. Each combination is replicated 3 times and then averaged. The data then is processed by using Minitab version 16th. Square regression of the model for cycle time is ŶCT = 13,5300 – 0,0412 X1 + 0,8000 X2 + 0,1812 X3 + 0,0238 X12 – 0,2087 X22 –0,0412 X32 – 0,1150 X1 X2 – 0,0175 X1 X3 + 0,0350 X2 X3. Where X1 is blowing pressure, X2 is blowing time and X3 is stop time.The model developed then tested by residual assumption. Second stage of model testing lack of fit test. Optimization of both values, cycle time, netto and volume are searched by Response Surface Method. By the method it is found that the optimum condition of cycle time is 12.60 seconds, netto is 13.34 grams, volume is 89.87 ml The optimum condition is achieved when stop time is 1.5 second, blowing time 8 second and blowing pressure 5.34254 bars
ANALISIS PENGARUH VANE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DOUBLE SLOTTED FLAP PESAWAT N2XX DENGAN METODE SIMULASI COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC
Get PDFThe stability of an airplane is influenced by aerodynamic characteristics, one of which is the lift coefficient (C). The value C is the ratio between the lift force (L) and the dynamic pressure (q). The value of C is determined based on the design of the airfoil shape and the use of the type of flap. The increase in C from the previous study using the simulation method obtained 20.4% with the addition of a flap. This study aims to simulate folds by adding vane (double slotted flap). The methodology in the study uses a simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The research results of airfoils with the blade having a maximum C of 35.99% are higher than airfoil designs without vane, or 5.77 and 5.61 respectively. The maximum C value of an airfoil with vane or airfoil without using blade occurs at the angle of attack (α) = 16o. The research conclusion informs that vane influences the characteristics of the N2XX aircraft. Vane can minimize the occurrence of a stall (decrease in the value of C) of airplanes in take-off and landing conditions.
Keywords: C, vane, double slotted flap, airfoi
OPTIMASI PRODUKSI TUTUP BOTOL 500 ml PADA PROSES INJECTION MOULDING MENGGUNAKAN METODE RESPONSE SURFACE
Get PDFInjection molding is one of the most common operations and versatile for mass production of complex plastic components. Injection molding is a process of plastic forming into a desired shape by means of pressing molten plastic into a space (cavity). Injection molding has a multi-step process, starting from inserting plastic pellets into the hopper, then plastic pellets into barrels / heating which makes the plastic material is melted. Melting plastic material is driven by the rotation of the screw, so that the flow to the nozzle, and then toward the sprue, runner, gate and into the cavity. Then the material present in the cavity will be retained within the mold under a certain pressure (holding pressure) to keep no shringkage when the product cooling process (cooling).The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimization of the cycle time and the percentage of production reject the bottle cap 500 ml in PT Berlina Tbk. The method used for this research is the method of response surface analysis, method surface respone is statistical and mathematical methods used to examine the relationship between one or more variables with the qualitative form of the response variables that aims to optimize and develop the response in an experiment. The data is optimized using Minitab software 16 produces an output response parameter setting optimization to inject pressure, nozzle temperature and cooling time. From the data analysis using the software Minitab 16 is obtained from the optimum situation results generated under conditions injection amounting to 1420 bar pressure; nozzle temperature at 264.7912 ° C; and the cooling time of 14.08 seconds. In this state of production can be increased by 10.836%. From the state of the optimum cycle time generated is 27.9161 seconds, net produced according to the standard that is 33.5820 grams and reject percentage the resulting is 11.11%. With a cycle time 27.9161 seconds with a net according to the standard and the percentage of rejects decreased 3.89%, the resulting product amounts to ± 15,517 /shift or up approximately 10.836%. The amount is based on the number of products produced in the cycle time previous of 30 seconds to produce ± 14,000 /shift.
Keywords: Injection moulding, box-benhken design, Response surface methodolog