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Armer les étudiants face aux enjeux de sécurité et de défense
No full textInternational audienceParmi les nombreux enseignements dispensés par Sciences Po sur les thèmes de la défense et de la sécurité, l’École d’affaires publiques se distingue par son master spécialisé qui prépare les étudiants à exercer des responsabilités stratégiques et opérationnelles dans un monde où les menaces et les formes de conflictualité évoluent vite et où les solutions à apporter reposent sur une coopération forte entre les acteurs publics et privés
Sénégal : la politique étrangère du tandem Faye-Sonko, rupture ou continuité ?
No full textInternational audienceLors de la campagne présidentielle de mars 2024, le tandem d’opposition Bassirou Diomaye Faye – Ousmane Sonko, aujourd’hui au pouvoir (respectivement président et premier ministre), avait annoncé son souhait de mettre en place une politique de rupture, tant au niveau intérieur que dans les relations extérieures du Sénégal. Ces déclarations s’inscrivaient alors dans un registre plus général lié au néo-souverainisme et au néo-panafricanisme, qui ont le vent en poupe sur le continent depuis le début du XXIe siècle. Plus d’un an plus tard, un premier bilan montre que la diplomatie de Dakar n’a pas connu de réelle révolution
La politique multiforme de la Russie en Afrique du Nord et au Moyen-Orient
No full textInternational audienceDans ses conquêtes comme dans ses concessions, la Russie a fait le choix de la flexibilité. Le mythe d’une Russie fidèle à de supposés « alliés » s’est heurté à la prudence et à la retenue dont elle a fait preuve face à la chute de Bachar Al-Assad en Syrie. En Europe, Moscou a décidé de combattre l’ordre qui lui a été imposé au lendemain de la guerre froide, allant jusqu’à envahir son voisin ukrainien. Au Moyen-Orient, il n’est pas question de tordre le réel, mais simplement de s’adapter aux rapports de force existants
Preparing for revolutionary times? Chronic crisis of authority and constructive subversion in contemporary Jordan
No full textInternational audienceUtilizing a multidisciplinary approach rooted in the methodology of participatory action research, this essay uses the lens of praxis to explore how Gramscian concepts, in conversation with ideas proffered by Alain Badiou, Jodi Dean, and the intellectuals of the Paris Commune, can help us understand, and possibly overcome, the socio-political stalemate characteristic of current polities in the Arab region. As a path to breaking the logjam, this study advances the concept of “constructive subversion”, arguing that politics must be engaged from autonomous liberated political spaces. Such spaces are required for the processes of mass intellectualization, advance preparation, theoretical and practical experimentation, political creativity and dynamism, and the deepening of the chronic crisis of authority necessary to the revolutionary moment to increase the likelihood of its transformation into a revolutionary movement that is able to effect change. The essay also presents a case study of the National Jordanian Campaign for the Abrogation of the Gas Deal with Israel as a model of such a liberated space, elaborating on the campaign’s mechanisms of action and organization, the challenges it faces, and some of the techniques it utilizes to minimize the effects of authoritarian intervention and fragmentation
Belt and Road Initiative – 10 Years on
No full textIt has been over a decade since the emergence of what is now best known as the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI). This Special Issue, a decade after the BRI was launched, highlights the immense complexity not only of the idea itself but also of China's global influence and the varied attitudes and responses towards it. We hope that these studies, with their diverse approaches and evidence bases, contribute to enriching the expanding literature on the BRI – a trend that is unlikely to wane anytime soon as China continues to be a major global force in the twenty-first century
The Oxford Handbook of Institutions of International Economic Governance and Market Regulation
No full textInternational audienceThe handbook gathers a multidisciplinary author team to question how international systems of exchange work and evolve. It starts by exploring the micro-foundation of cross-border exchange and transnational contracts through analysis of how private ordering, networks of agents, and governments build and regulate (imperfect) markets. Then, the challenges of compliance with those regulations is discussed, highlighting how market discipline and judicial sanctions combine, and establish the “rule of law” at the international level. The next section studies governmental initiatives to organize markets and fix market failures in a world characterized by political fragmentation amongst governments and the increasing intervention of non-governmental actors. This leads to explore how new modes of law-making, forms of dispute settlement, and vectors of accountability combine to initiate emerging models of governance, which co-exist with traditional ones
Factions and Brokers in the Russian Mafia: Investigating the Structure of the Thieves-in-Law
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates the internal structure of the fraternity of the vory-v-zakone-the highranking members of the Russian Mafia-using a co-signing network based on 50 signed edicts (progony) produced by the fraternity. We find that the vory are a multi-ethnic, polycentric association grouped into factions based on vertical patronage relationships; these factions are interconnected by key brokers that bridge between groupings. While this structure allows for effective collective action, it also points to possible fractures that can be exploited by authorities to weaken the fraternity. This research is the first quantitative network analysis of documents produced by a higher-level coordination body within a mafia and contributes to the literature on the emergence of coalitions and factions within organizations
« Nicole Loraux, au seuil de la théorie aristotélicienne de la stásis ? »
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« Des paradigmes de l’amitié politique chez Aristote : un concept kaléidoscopique »
No full textInternational audienceFondé sur une approche immanente et comparatiste des Éthiques et des Politiques, cet article entend mettre au jour la définition de l’amitié politique chez Aristote : une définition claire et univoque en compréhension, mais dont l’extension, variable selon les (con)textes, nous met face à un triple paradigme. L’amitié politique apparaît ainsi comme un concept kaléidoscopique et inchoatif, révélant tout autant la pluralité enchâssée des excellences de la cité aristotélicienne, que le caractère aporétique de ce concept
Modelling echo chamber effects in signed networks
No full textInternational audienceEcho chamber effects in social networks are generally attributed to the prevalence of interactions among like-minded peers. However, recent evidence has emphasized the role of hostile interactions between oppositeminded groups. We investigate the role of polarization, identified with structural balance, in the formation of echo chambers in signed networks. To do so, we generalize the Independent Cascade Model and the Linear Threshold Model to describe information propagation in presence of negative edges. Antagonistic connections do not disrupt the flow of information, but instead, alter the way information is framed. Our results show that echo chambers spontaneously emerge in balanced networks, but also in antibalanced ones for specific parameters. This highlights that structural polarization and echo chambers do not necessarily display a oneto-one correspondence, showing instead a complex and often counterintuitive interplay. The robustness of our results is confirmed with a complex contagion model and through simulations in different network topologies, including real-world datasets