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Les devenir des droits locatifs des Juifs parisiens sous l'Occupation
No full textInternational audienc
Entre islamisme et nationalisme, la difficile marche turque vers un modèle libéral et démocratique
No full textInternational audienceÉvoquer la question de l’islam et du nationalisme dans lemonde musulman force à la nuance, car ce monde n’est pashomogène. La Turquie y occupe une place singulière. Héritièrede l’Empire ottoman, qui a défié l’Europe, elle a été et demeure àla confluence de divers courants de pensée issus du nationalismeet de l’islamisme. Elle constitue un cas d’école pour la recherchesur ces notions. Ce chapitre se focalisera sur la période récentede ce début de xxie siècle, quand ces deux notions, au gré desconjonctures, oscillent entre opposition, fusion et confusion
Le nationalisme chrétien aux États-Unis
No full textInternational audienceLe nationalisme chrétien est un mouvement social d’inspira-tion religieuse, fondé sur une idéologie populiste et réactionnaire,instrumentalisée par des partis politiques conservateurs. Cetteidéologie, parfois confuse et hétéroclite, ne manque cependantpas de cohérence. Elle repose sur un mythe fondateur, la fonda-tion chrétienne de l’Amérique; elle offre une vision de l’avenirparticulièrement pessimiste et xénophobe, d’un pays soumis àl’afflux incontrôlé de personnes de couleur en provenance du Sudglobal ; elle propose des moyens d’action autoritaires, défiant lesnormes établies de la démocratie et d’un régime politique repré-sentatif, respectueux de l’État de droit
Les rythmes de la modernisation
No full textNational audienceIntroduction de la moitié de l'ouvrage consacrée à l'époque contemporaine. Elle souligne que l'importance prise par l'échelle nationale est une spécificité de la période contemporaine et discute notamment les rythmes du changement au cours de cette période
The Role of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for the Mental Health Consequences of Widowhood during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textSocArXiv PapersSpousal loss is associated with immediate declines in mental health. However, the mental health consequences of widowhood during the Covid-19 pandemic have remained largely unexplored. In this research note, we use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe and fixed effects regression modelling to address three research questions: (1) How has the mental health of older adults changed across time in 10 European countries? (2) Do the surviving spouses of persons who died during the pandemic face greater declines in mental health compared to adults widowed prior to the pandemic? (3) To what extent did the strictness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) moderate the pandemic widowhood penalty for mental health? We found that feelings of depression increased dramatically for those widowed during the pandemic compared to widowed adults prior to the pandemic. In addition, the pandemic widowhood penalty does not apply to all those who lost their partners during the pandemic, but only to those who lost their partner during periods when strict NPIs were being enforced by governments. Our findings support that notion that the Covid-19 pandemic and strict NPIs exacerbated risk factors and hindered protective factors that affect older adults’ resilience to spousal death
Violences de genre à l’encontre des groupes minorisés : catégories, démarches, analyses
No full textIntroduction du dossier "Violences de genre à l’encontre des groupes minorisés"International audienceCet article est l'introduction du numéro de Terrains & Travaux sur les violences de genre à l'encontre des groupes minorisés. L'intensification de la production scientifique mais aussi de la diffusion de celle-ci au-delà des cercles spécialisés, à la faveur du mouvement #MeToo, nous amène à repenser, pour mieux la préciser, la définition des violences fondées sur le genre. En particulier, si le genre joue un rôle premier dans la production de ces violences, un regard attentif aux données recueillies à leur sujet révèle une prévalence plus forte des groupes sociaux minorisés parmi les victimes de ces violences. Le genre interagit avec d'autres logiques de minorisation : raciales, sexuelles, de handicap, de classe, etc. Nous proposons ainsi d'affiner notre compréhension des violences de genre en considérant les différentes configurations minoritaires dans lesquelles plusieurs rapports sociaux et de pouvoir sont activés, et co-produisent ces violences
From Holy Ignorance to Sacred Doctrine: postliberal Catholicism and the remaking of American political religion
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Democratic paradox: How federalism and religious activism fuel the rollback of abortion rights in the U.S
No full textInternational audienceObjectiveThis short report examines how the distinctive features of American democracy – particularly its federal structure and activism of religious organizations – shaped the evolution of abortion policy and contestation in the United States. As a synthesis, its purpose is to provide an analytical overview of the evolution of abortion policy in the United States through the lens of political science.MethodsThe bibliography was curated based on each source’s contribution to a political science framework for understanding abortion policy. Priority was given to works that offer conceptual, historical, or institutional insights relevant to the development of abortion regulation, the role of religious mobilization, and the dynamics of federalism in the U.S. context. All quantitative data referenced in this report originate from reputable research institutes and organizations. Notably, data on protest incidents and violence were drawn from the National Abortion Federation, while demographic and access statistics were sourced from the Guttmacher Institute and the Pew Research Center. These organizations are recognized for their methodological rigor and reliability in the field of reproductive health and public policy.ResultsThe results demonstrate how U.S. abortion rights have been shaped at the intersection of democratic processes and religious mobilization. The analysis reveals this evolution across four interconnected phases. First, it traces the initial policy formation (1880–1973), where professional and religious groups engaged with state-level democratic institutions to influence early legislation. Second, it examines the era of constitutional conflict (1973–2022), where the federal judiciary became the central democratic arena for rights contestation, culminating in the Dobbs decision. Third, it documents the concurrent rise of a powerful faith-based mobilization, which utilized democratic avenues of protest and lobbying to build a sustained opposition movement in a coherence with the consolidation of a conservative religious right. Finally, the paper highlights the resulting fragmentation of access as a direct outcome of the U.S. federal system—a core democratic feature—which allows politically and religiously motivated state governments to impose significant geographic and socioeconomic barriers. These findings illustrate how religious activism, channeled through America’s unique democratic structures, has defined the nation’s exceptional and contentious approach to abortion
Can ChatGPT accurately identify the position of parties? A validation study with an expert survey in France
No full textInternational audienc
Robots, Labor Market Outcomes and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from South Korea
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of South Korea's rapid robotization, driven by the country's proactive robotization policies, on subjective well-being using individual and householdlevel panel data. We measure individual exposure to robotization by estimating the probability that individuals work in occupations susceptible to robotization. This approach allows us to study the effect of robotization at the individual level, including the unemployed and indirectly affected workers. Our findings indicate that the initial phase of automation adversely affected workers. However, this negative impact diminished during the subsequent phase of automation. This suggests that once workers adapt to an environment integrated with robots, they begin to experience the benefits of automation