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América latina en las urnas. Tres tendencias en las elecciones latinoamericanas de 2024: eficacia recompensada, alternancia pacífica y conflicto postelectoral
No full textInternational audienceEn 2024, siete países latinoamericanos celebraron elecciones: elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela (28 de julio); elecciones presidenciales y legislativas en El Salvador (4 de febrero), Panamá (5 de mayo), República Dominicana (19 de mayo)1 , México (2 de junio) y Uruguay (27 de octubre); y elecciones municipales en Chile (26 y 27 de octubre). Mientras que en 2023 los presidentes en ejercicio fueron víctimas de un rechazo generalizado, en 2024 el panorama es más equilibrado [...] Así pues, las elecciones de 2024 han roto parcialmente con la dinámica pendular que ha caracterizado las elecciones de los últimos diez años. También contradicen la otra tendencia que parecía afianzarse en el panorama político del subcontinente: gobiernos minoritarios enfrentados a mayorías parlamentarias recalcitrantes. Por último, los outsiders que habían capitalizado el voto de rechazo contra los titulares en 2023 brillaron por su ausencia, esta vez. [...] Las elecciones dependen de los contextos locales y nacionales, por lo que reflejan cuestiones específicas de cada situación. No obstante, siempre surgen elementos comunes. En 2024, tres espectros recorrieron las campañas electorales e influyeron en la orientación del voto: el de la corrupción de las clases dirigentes, el de la inseguridad vinculada al crimen organizado y el del deterioro de la economía para una gran parte de la población
Transnational challenges to multiculturalism
No full textInternational audienceBoth transnationalism and multiculturalism address the relations between communities and states, refer to minorities, and question the applicable sense of belonging, citizenship, and nationhood. Both also raise methodological questions that are, at the same time, normative. They differ, however, in their use of space and territory, practice of citizenship and participation, and their understanding of the political community and nationalism. Transnational practices reinforce a sense of a ‘communal’ identity beyond the national community, which is a source of tension with multiculturalism as a citizenship-centric model. This chapter questions the imagined and experienced transnationalism in Europe, where both concepts – multiculturalism and transnationalism – refer principally to post-colonial and economic immigration from Muslim countries. It focuses on the effects of political participation in more than one national society and questions the expression of belonging in relation to citizenship, territory, and nationhood in a globalised world
L’attention conjointe aux archives politiques contemporaines
No full textInternational audienceOdile Gaultier-Voituriez et Bernard Lachaise proposent une communication à deux voix sur l’attention conjointe aux archives politiques contemporaines. Comment les archives politiques conservées à Sciences Po servent-elles aux recherches effectuées par Bernard Lachaise ? En quoi sont-elles complémentaires d’autres fonds d’archives, privés ou publics ? Comment l’historien se comporte-t-il face aux archives ? Quelle place les archives occupent-elles dans la recherche en histoire contemporaine ? L’historien peut-il être aussi un intermédiaire pour des entrées de fonds ? Comment l’archiviste peut-il fournir des pistes renouvelées de sources ? En quoi une collaboration entre archiviste et historien fondée sur le respect mutuel, la confiance et les échanges profite-t-elle grandement à la recherche ? Comment l’archiviste participe-t-il aux publications qui font progresser la connaissance ? A travers des exemples variés et d’une collaboration dans la durée, à la fois pour la sensibilisation des étudiants aux archives, pour la collecte et pour l’exploitation des archives, les deux intervenants montreront en quoi l’attention portée aux archives est fructueuse pour la recherche en cours
Introduction à la sociohistoire des idées politiques (2e ed.)
No full textInternational audienceLibéralisme, conservatisme, socialisme… Pour tout savoir sur ces courants et idéologies, les rattacher aux auteurs et œuvres qui les caractérisent et les replacer dans une socio-histoire de l’État moderne et des sociétés contemporaines.Alors que la démocratie contemporaine est fondée sur le débat d’idées, il est parfois difficile de s’y retrouver entre les différents courants : libéralisme, conservatisme, socialisme, républicanisme, communisme, fascisme, national-socialisme, etc.Ce manuel décrit et analyse ainsi, des révolutions du XVIIIe siècle jusqu’à nos jours, les soubassements sociaux, institutionnels et théoriques des idées politiques contemporaines et de leurs regroupements dans des idéologies en compétition.Il propose une histoire des idées politiques en contexte, en les réinscrivant dans les sociétés et les grands débats de leur temps et en les resituant dans les transformations sociohistoriques plus amples de l’État et des structures sociales, économiques et techniques.Cette nouvelle édition aborde les questions contemporaines de la politisation des identités, notamment de genre et de race, et de la crise écologique.Pour les étudiant.e.s des 1er et 2e cycles en droit, en science politique, en histoire et en sociologie, les candidat.e.s aux Instituts d'études politiques et aux concours administratifs ainsi que les doctorant.e.s en sciences sociales
Studying Counter-Terrorism through a Comprehensive IR Approach
No full textMathias Delori (CERI, Sciences Po/CNRS) and Christian Olsson (REPI, Université Libre de Bruxelles) have recently coedited a volume entitled The French War on Terror: A Relational Approach to (Counter-)Terrorism (Routledge), in which the various chapters analyse the French war on terror, covering the French contributions to the US-led “war on terror” and the wars in the Sahel Region since 2013. Delori and Olsson answer our questions on what terrorism and counter-terrorism are, and how the book combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches to the study of this dual phenomenon. Read our interview below
Implementation Evaluation
No full textAs an interdisciplinary academic center for evaluation, one of LIEPP’s goal is to make connections between analytical frameworks developed in the international field of evaluation and those developed in a diversity of academic disciplines. The question of implementation is typically an example of a process which has been the object of very separate theoretical and methodological developments in evaluation on the one hand, and in sociology and political science on the other. On the one hand, reflections have developed in program evaluation around process or implementation assessmentand implementation science, to go beyond a strict focus on impact measurement. These perspectives emerged as a way to complement impact evaluation by a better understanding of how impact is produced. On the other hand, there is an abundant literature in sociology and political science on policy implementation. This body of literature was not developed in an evaluative perspective or driven by a preoccupation with the policy's impact. Yet this body of research, which has developed for decades, offers fruitful lessons about how the workings of implementation function, that can be most useful in an evaluative perspective. Yet the two bodies of literature have remained largely separated.Drawing from the LIEPP seminar co-organized by LIEPP and the University of Maryland on June 5, 2024, this LIEPP Debates bring together contributions on policy implementation developed in evaluation, sociology and political science, based on the presentation and discussion of the Oxford Handbook of Program Design and Implementation Evaluation1, coordinated by Anu Rangarajan
Value by Design: Performance Evaluation and Learning from Wages
No full textWe study a dynamic principal-agent setting in which both sides learn about the importance of effort. The quality of the agent's output is not observed directly. Instead, the principal jointly designs an evaluation technology and a wage schedule. More precise performance evaluation reduces current agency costs but promotes learning, which can increase future agency costs. As a result, the optimal evaluation technology is noisy. Performance information that solely pertains to effort is revealed, while the principal optimally conceals information about the agent's ability. The optimal evaluation features a censorship pattern with a base wage and tailored bonuses/penalties when the threshold is exceeded. With binary output, it is both imprecise and tough if effort and ability are strong complements: a bad performance is always sanctioned, but a good one is not always recognized
Antitrust in an Age of New Modes of Economic Organization
No full textInternational audienceAntitrust law has historically adapted to technological and managerial innovations. Today we are at another inflection point. Antitrust needs to open its framework to enable the functioning of two hybrid modes of organization: innovation networks and decentralized autonomous organizations (‘DAOs’). These modes of organization do not fit anti-trust’s vision of the firm — the large, vertically-integrated, managerially-directed enterprise. This is problematic, because in defining its vision of the firm, antitrust law also indirectly defines the scope of legal coordination. Given their collaborative nature and their inability to benefit from the ‘firm’ label, these modes of organization risk running afoul of anti-trust’s prohibition of coordinated action. The chapter discusses two legal interventions for enabling their functioning. First, an unorthodox expansion of anti-trust’s concept of the firm. Second, recognizing these hybrid forms as organizational alternatives to firms and enabling their function subject to ex ante approval akin to the merger control framework
Critical thought
No full textISBN : 978-1-03530-037-2 (print) ; 978-1-03530-038-9 (online)In the social sciences, since the development of critical sociology, the use of this term critical is opposed to works defining themselves through axiological neutrality. Critical approaches can display various transformative aims, from reformism to revolution ones. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of social domination is one of the main avenues opened up by critical thought. But considering critical postures raises many other questions: those of the diversity of modes of action and the ability – as well as the will – of researchers to weigh in on the debate and on the engagement on social change. Furthermore, we can also include the question regarding the relationship between researchers and the world of the exploited/subaltern, that of the link between research and emancipation/empowerment; that of their relations with society, the political elites, the world of the media, the world of activism. Thus, it encompasses multiples aspects in the complex relationship between knowledge and power
Imagining the future of evaluation
No full textBased on a seminar organized by LIEPP which took place at Sciences Po in May 2024, this publication brings together contributions from five leading scholars in evaluation to imagine the future of the field. What new methods and approaches should be promoted? How does evaluation differ from applied social science methods – and should it be any different? What are the major institutional and political challenges to the design and conduct of evaluation and the promotion of its use in policymaking and within civil society? What should be the role of evaluation in democracy, and what practical tools can it rely on to fulfill this role? These are some of the questions addressed in this “LIEPP Debates”. To this end, LIEPP has gathered researchers with very different theoretical and methodological orientations in evaluation