Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development
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A Note on Tourism and Regional Development: some Policy Issues in the Post-crisis Framework
Get PDFIn this final note we offer some considerations about the current role of tourism for regional development by focusing mainly on two aspects, the impact of the economic crisis together with the institutional changes derived from it and the new policy issues arising from the new framework.In this final note we offer some considerations about the current role of tourism for regional development by focusing mainly on two aspects, the impact of the economic crisis together with the institutional changes derived from it and the new policy issues arising from the new framework
Spatial Planning of Rural tourism with MAPPAC technique. Case study Khur and Biabanak County, (Iran)
Get PDFReviewing the concepts of space and tourism industry, tourism is in an old, deep, unbreakable bound with spatial and physical dimensions. In this way, the lack of systematic and scientific ranking process in spatial locating of rural tourism spots and also improper distribution of infrastructures are the critical deficiencies in this field. The research intends to introduce the hidden potentials and unique capabilities of Khur and Biabanak County, Iran. And prioritize their tourism spots. So tourism planners would be able to recognize proper space distribution. First, the weights of each criterion were calculated by a pairwise comparison questionnaire of AHP method, and MAPPAC technique was used for ranking. AHP was done in Expert Choice software and MAPPAC in MS Excel. Results showed that villages such as Bayaze, Jandagh, Mehrejan, Garmeh, and Iraj which are also older have a higher rank.Reviewing the concepts of space and tourism industry, tourism is in an old, deep, unbreakable bound with spatial and physical dimensions. In this way, the lack of systematic and scientific ranking process in spatial locating of rural tourism spots and also improper distribution of infrastructures are the critical deficiencies in this field. The research intends to introduce the hidden potentials and unique capabilities of Khur and Biabanak County, Iran. And prioritize their tourism spots. So tourism planners would be able to recognize proper space distribution. First, the weights of each criterion were calculated by a pairwise comparison questionnaire of AHP method, and MAPPAC technique was used for ranking. AHP was done in Expert Choice software and MAPPAC in MS Excel. Results showed that villages such as Bayaze, Jandagh, Mehrejan, Garmeh, and Iraj which are also older have a higher rank
Inside the Pleasure Dome: Cultural Tourism on Australia’s Gold Coast
Get PDFIn 2018 the City of the Gold Coast in south-east Queensland, Australia, will host the next Commonwealth Games. The City is made up a 57 km stretch of coastline and hinterland divided by a major highway. The famous surfing beaches are framed by high-rise development while the hinterland is marketed as a green, unspoilt environment. The winning bid for the Games, and discussion about future infrastructure and marketing of the region’s attributes, has focussed attention on the way City residents and policy makers think about their region in broad terms. Whereas in the past tourism marketing has been directed towards the pleasures of sun and surf by day and bright lights by night, various regional tourist stakeholders are beginning to reorient their programs. This paper considers some of the competing aims of the various stakeholders in this region and the interaction of existing ‘cultures’ with new technology and the demands of permanent residents, using data from a case study of e-literary trails developed in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. The importance of tourist imaginaries as a basis for using rich accounts of the past for future planning is emphasized.In 2018 the City of the Gold Coast in south-east Queensland, Australia, will host the next Commonwealth Games. The City is made up a 57 km stretch of coastline and hinterland divided by a major highway. The famous surfing beaches are framed by high-rise development while the hinterland is marketed as a green, unspoilt environment. The winning bid for the Games, and discussion about future infrastructure and marketing of the region’s attributes, has focussed attention on the way City residents and policy makers think about their region in broad terms. Whereas in the past tourism marketing has been directed towards the pleasures of sun and surf by day and bright lights by night, various regional tourist stakeholders are beginning to reorient their programs. This paper considers some of the competing aims of the various stakeholders in this region and the interaction of existing ‘cultures’ with new technology and the demands of permanent residents, using data from a case study of e-literary trails developed in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. The importance of tourist imaginaries as a basis for using rich accounts of the past for future planning is emphasized
Itinerari Religiosi come Motori di Sviluppo Locale Sostenibile in Veneto? Per una Proposta di Valorizzazione di Heritage non Consueto o spesso “Inavvertito”: i Santuari e le Chiese Minori
Get PDFReligious sites/assets are reacquiring pre-eminence, partly in the role of mainsprings for local development: they are privileged witnesses to collective memory and depositories for symbolic, historical, cultural and spiritual values that they have contributed towards forging. These are essential keys for interpreting “places” and their evolution, as well as for studying their various facets and nuances in greater detail. In full knowledge of this, we are presenting here a study on the subject of cultural (and religious) itineraries as a determining element in territorial conservation and as an instrument for: a) promoting a type of tourism that is sustainable, alternative and aware, in which the approach towards “exploitation” changes (contributing towards not only the “consumption” of experiences, but also the enrichment of the tourist); b) highlighting the value of authenticity and contact with local culture, as well as promoting contextual elements that are highly distinctive. In line with the need to make better use of local religious heritage, we identified anchor sites (sanctuaries and minor churches) around which to develop further forms of (religious) tourism.We devised an itinerary some 300 km long that “expresses” the diverse environmental/cultural/gastronomic realities that have the sanctuaries at their centre.This itinerary and its sub-routes – created via GIS – cover the central and western parts of the Veneto, as well as the south of the Region. The main route connects the sites in an attempt to link the area under examination, thanks to a ring, to the ancient Via Romea (the subject of research and reclamation as a long distance route). Luoghi/beni religiosi riacquistano preminenza anche come motori di sviluppo locale: testimoni privilegiati di memoria collettiva e depositari di valori simbolici, storici, culturali e spirituali che hanno contribuito a plasmare; chiavi di lettura essenziali per comprendere i “luoghi” e la loro evoluzione, nonché per addentrarsi in essi scoprendone sfaccettature e dimensioni. Consapevoli di questo, si presenta qui una ricerca sul tema itinerari culturali (e religiosi) come elemento di forte tutela del territorio e strumento per: a) promuovere un turismo sostenibile, alternativo e consapevole in cui l’atteggiamento verso la fruizione cambia (contribuendo non solo a innescare “l’acquisto e il consumo” di esperienze, ma anche un arricchimento del turista); b) spingere sul valore dell’autenticità, sul contatto con la cultura locale e sulla valorizzazione di elementi contestuali carichi di originalità. In coerenza con la necessità di fare migliore uso del local religious heritage, si sono identificati anchor sites (santuari e chiese minori) attorno ai quali sviluppare ulteriormente forme di turismo (religioso). Si è costruito un itinerario di circa 300 km, che “parla di” quadri ambientali/culturali/gastronomici diversificati al cui centro siano i santuari. Il percorso e i suoi sotto-tracciati elaborati tramite GIS interessano il Veneto centro-occidentale e meridionale. L’itinerario principale li collega nel tentativo di connettere il territorio studiato, tramite una variante, all’antica Via Romea (oggetto di studio e recupero come long distance route).[i] La ricerca qui presentata è stata condotta nell’ambito del progetto RECULTIVATUR, finanziato dal Programma South East Europe (SEE)
Literary Routes: Contributions to Natural/Cultural Heritage Tourism. How landscape transforms literature and tourism
Get PDFLiterary routes inspired by landscapes is a topic where cultural and natural routes merge to form an added value of heritage that is greater than either one standing alone. Landscape is traditionally defined as a consequence of transformations by humans, and its scope rarely takes into account how nature has inspired literature to advance the “intellectual development of humankind,” hence transforming heritage. Literary routes paralleling transhumance routes embraced by the Sami, First Nations, or Spanish shepherds (full of landscapes, seascapes, and riverscapes), can actively transmit traditional technologies, biodiversity, and cosmic philosophy for the betterment of humankind; for example, the depth of literary heritage inspired by landscapes enhances our collective memory through a network of archives (libraries, collections). The continuous dissemination of this literature traversing borders, language barriers, and time periods has stimulated literary routes to emerge as a function of moving the experience from an intangible heritage based on imaginary landscapes to a tangible sensory experience in situ following a plot, author’s life, or a myth. Literary routes respond to the demand of the growing target travellers, who are more literate and active today than in the past. They are excited followers of their favourite writers, and seek ways to be in contact with them. Now it is time to rekindle the collective memory, expand the literary dimension, and offer a sensorial in situ experience by adding a literary link. For instance, myths of the Ohlone Nation based near a California wetlands use the symbolic coyote as the intermediary to teach humans how to live in harmony with their ecosystem; or in Spain, Arcipreste de Hita’s novel El Libro de Buen Amor (1330) describes traditions and gastronomy as it criss-crosses the Guadarrama mountains, alongside the Poets’ Route that includes international Nobel prize winners in literature; Don Quijote of La Mancha (1603) was first made tangible as a literary route in 1780 with a detailed topographical surveyor map inspiring visitors like Washington Irving (1829), Alexander Dumas (1861), and Hans Christian Andersen (1880) to the Spanish plains. This eventually galvanized into an innovative move to pass the Don Quijote Route Law (2007), complete with GPS coordinates. In Japan, Basho’s literary route (1700) with its natural elements changed the style of Japanese Haiku, encouraging writers around the world to follow in his footsteps, and Humboldt’s account of his Andes’ route in South America inspired Lewis & Clark, Darwin, and Muir to follow a similar path that spurred events, websites, and even a NASA astrobiology project to conserve and access the accumulated heritage of these literary routes. Economic investments in literary routes in natural settings have been initiated by worldwide government ministries of culture, recreation/tourism, environment, economy, and/or education, demonstrating commitments to the conservation of landscapes which have inspired literature. Hence, literary routes can highly contribute to cultural itineraries in natural settings.Rutas literarias inspiradas por los paisajes es un tema donde las rutas culturales y naturales se combinan para formar un valor añadido del patrimonio que es mayor que cualquiera de los dos por sí solo. El ‘Paisaje’ es, en parte, una consecuencia de las transformaciones de los seres humanos, y raramente se tiene en cuenta cómo la naturaleza ha inspirado la literatura para promover el "desarrollo intelectual de la humanidad", y por lo tanto, la transformación del patrimonio. Rutas literarias paralelas a las rutas de trashumancia abrazadas por los Sami, las Indígenas de América, o pastores españoles (llena de paisajes, marinas, y riachuelos), pueden transmitir activamente las tecnologías tradicionales, la biodiversidad, y la filosofía cósmica para la mejora de la humanidad. Por ejemplo, la profundidad de patrimonio literario inspirado en el paisaje mejora nuestra memoria colectiva a través de una red de archivos (bibliotecas, colecciones). La continua difusión de esta literatura sobrepasando lugares, barreras lingüísticas, y períodos de tiempo, ha hecho que las rutas literarias se conviertan en transmisoras de un patrimonio intangible basado en paisajes imaginarios a una experiencia sensorial tangible in situ (después de una parcela) mostrando un lugar, la vida de un autor, o un mito. Las rutas literarias responden a la demanda de las crecientes espectativas de los viajeros que, en la actualidad, son más cultos y activos que en el pasado. Son seguidores acérrimos de sus escritores favoritos, y buscan las maneras de estar en contacto con ellos. Ahora es el momento de reavivar la memoria colectiva explotando la dimensión literaria, y ofreciendo una experiencia sensorial in-situ mediante la adición de un vínculo literario. Por ejemplo, los mitos de la Nación Ohlone sede cerca de los humedales de California, utilizan simbóliocamente el coyote como intermediario para enseñar a los humanos cómo vivir en armonía con su ecosistema; o en España, la novela de del Arcipreste de Hita, El Libro de Buen Amor (1330), describe las tradiciones y la gastronomía como si se entrecruzara con la sierra de Guadarrama, junto a la Ruta de los Poetas, que incluye ganadores del Premio Nobel de Literatura. La novela Don Quijote de La Mancha (1603) se mostró como una ruta literaria de facto en 1780 con un detallado mapa topográfico, inspirando visitantes como Washington Irving (1829), Alexandre Dumas (1861), y Hans Christian Andersen (1880) a las llanuras españolas. Esto a la larga ha dado lugar a una iniciativa innovadora para aprobar la Ley de la Ruta de Don Quijote (2007), incluyendo las coordenadas GPS. En Japón, la ruta literaria de Basho ( 1700 ), con sus elementos naturales cambió el estilo de Haiku japonés, fomentando a los escritores de todo el mundo a seguir sus pasos, y el relato de Humboldt de la ruta de la Andes en América del Sur inspirado a los exploradores Lewis & Clark, Darwin, y a Muir a seguir un camino similar. Estas rutas a través del tiempo han estimulado eventos, páginas web, e incluso un proyecto de astrobiología de la NASA para la conservación y acceso del patrimonio acumulado de estas rutas literarias. Inversiones económicas en las rutas literarias en escenarios naturales han sido iniciados por los ministerios de cultura de todo el mundo, de turismo, de medio ambiente, y de economía y / o la educación, lo que demuestra compromiso con la conservación de los paisajes que han inspirado la literatura. Por lo tanto, las rutas literarias altamente pueden contribuir de forma importante a los itinerarios culturales en entornos naturales
Archeologia, Architettura e Paesaggio tra Taranto e Brindisi: la Conoscenza del Patrimonio e la Definizione degli Itinerari Culturali
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On the Trail of Joan of Arc
Get PDFThe year 2012 marked the 600th anniversary of the birthday of Joan of Arc (Fr., Jeanne d’Arc) (1412–1431). Tributes to this national heroine can be found all over France. There are literally countless statues, streets and restaurants named after her and many sites dedicated to her life. However, despite widespread social and mechanical reproduction and cultural naming in relation to the Maid of Orléans, there is no official network or integrated signage in France to promote cultural heritage tourism to the numerous Joan of Arc sites and festivals, even though her life and death, by any measure, were seminal events in the country’s history. Unfortunately, the pilgrim who wants to follow or intersect with Joan of Arc’s trail through France, for cultural, historical or religious reasons, must do so without much help. Using Actor Network Theory and Site Sacralization Theory as framing devices, this paper explores human actors and tangible and intangible non-human factors that may have contributed to the lack of a unified tourism product despite the existence of an adequate Joan of Arc tourismscape. Insights gleaned from this research include Joan’s conflicted status as both/either saint and/or patriot, the existence of no cooperation or linkage between Joan of Arc sites, and cautious French tourism development policies. Several possible scenarios are suggested as suitable means to help implement or foster the creation of an on-the-ground or virtual Joan of Arc trail or tour.The year 2012 marked the 600th anniversary of the birthday of Joan of Arc (Fr., Jeanne d’Arc) (1412–1431). Tributes to this national heroine can be found all over France. There are literally countless statues, streets and restaurants named after her and many sites dedicated to her life. However, despite widespread social and mechanical reproduction and cultural naming in relation to the Maid of Orléans, there is no official network or integrated signage in France to promote cultural heritage tourism to the numerous Joan of Arc sites and festivals, even though her life and death, by any measure, were seminal events in the country’s history. Unfortunately, the pilgrim who wants to follow or intersect with Joan of Arc’s trail through France, for cultural, historical or religious reasons, must do so without much help. Using Actor Network Theory and Site Sacralization Theory as framing devices, this paper explores human actors and tangible and intangible non-human factors that may have contributed to the lack of a unified tourism product despite the existence of an adequate Joan of Arc tourismscape. Insights gleaned from this research include Joan’s conflicted status as both/either saint and/or patriot, the existence of no cooperation or linkage between Joan of Arc sites, and cautious French tourism development policies. Several possible scenarios are suggested as suitable means to help implement or foster the creation of an on-the-ground or virtual Joan of Arc trail or tour
