Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development
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Training of Local Community Youth in Dahshur, Egypt, as Local Tour Guides and Heritage Guardians
Get PDFIn an attempt to shift the strategy in Egypt toward sustainable heritage tourism a project was designed aiming to (1) integrate the archaeological site with local natural and rural heritage resources, (2) increase local awareness, (3) engage local community in a scheme of heritage economic development, and (4) valorize of Dahshur as a special tourist destination. The pilot project was implemented in Dahshur, which is a part of the World Heritage Site-Memphis and its Necropolis. The project included a training program for local tour guides who were introduced to (1) of how to become a tour guide, (2) Introduction to archaeological, natural, and rural resources of the area, and (3) the basic elements of cultural heritage management. Another program was devoted to enhance the awareness of local youths of the significance and values of the heritage resources in their vicinity, and to encourage them to take part in protecting and conserving heritage at risk from looting, neglect, and a transformation of local traditional dwellings. Without such programs, no measures for protecting Egyptian heritage, now in great danger, and promote sustainable tourism will succeed given that local communities are at present marginalized and excluded from the management of Egyptian heritage resources.Dans une tentative de modifier l’approche du tourisme durable du patrimoine en Egypte, un projet a été conçu visant à (1) intégrer le site archéologique avec les ressources du patrimoine naturel et rural au niveau local, (2) augmenter la sensibilisation locale, (3) engager la communauté locale dans un régime de développement économique du patrimoine, et (4) valoriser le Dahshour comme une destination touristique particulière. Le projet pilote a été mis en œuvre au Dahchour, qui est une partie du site du patrimoine mondial Memphis et sa nécropole. Le projet comprenait un programme de formation pour les guides locaux qui ont été introduits à (1) la formation de guide touristique, (2) introduction aux ressources archéologiques, naturels et rurales de la région, et (3) les éléments de base de la culture la gestion du patrimoine. Un autre programme a été consacré à améliorer la prise de conscience des jeunes de la région autour de signification et des valeurs des ressources patrimoniales dans leur voisinage, et de les encourager à participer à la protection et la conservation du patrimoine aux risques de pillage, de négligence, et à la transformation des logements traditionnels locaux. Sans ces programmes, il ne saurait y avoir de mesures de protection du patrimoine égyptien, lequel est maintenant en grand danger ; et promouvoir le tourisme durable serait un succès étant donné que les communautés locales sont actuellement marginalisées et exclues de la gestion des ressources du patrimoine égyptien.مدير برنامج إدارة التراث الثقافي , الجامعة الفرنسية في مصر . في محاولة لتغيير الإستراتيجية في مصر نحو السياحة التراثية المستدامة تم تصميم مشروع يهدف إلى (1) دمج الموقع الأثري مع الموارد الطبيعية المحلية والتراث الريفي , (2) زيادة الوعي المحلي , (3) إشراك المجتمع المحلي في خطة تطوير التراث الاقتصادي و (4) تنمية دهشور كوجهة سياحية خاصة . تم تنفيذ المشروع التجريبي في دهشور والتي هي جزء من مواقع التراث العالمي –ممفيس و مقابرها . تضمن المشروع برنامج تدريبي للمرشدين السياحيين المحليين الذين تم تقديمهم إلى (1) كيف تصبح مرشدا سياحيا (2) مقدمة إلى المصادر الأثرية الطبيعية والريفية في المنطقة و (3) العناصر الأساسية لإدارة التراث الثقافي. و قد تم تخصيص برنامج أخر لتعزيز وعي الشباب المحلي لأهمية وقيم الموارد المحلية في المناطق المجاورة لهم وتشجيهم على المشاركة في الحماية والحفاظ على التراث من خطر النهب و الإهمال والتحويل إلى مساكن تقليدية محلية. بدون مثل هذه البرامج , أية تدابير لحماية التراث المصري , والذي هو الآن في خطر كبير , وتشجيع السياحة المستدامة , سوف لن تنجح نظرا إلى أن المجتمعات المحلية هي في الوقت الحاضر المهشمة والمستبعدة من إدارة الموارد الثقافية المصرية
Management Plans for the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Governance and Training
Get PDFThe presentation analyses the correlation between management, namely the coordination activities in the territorial framework of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and training at different levels (professional training, political and management training) and what patterns emerge from this relationship. A detailed analysis of the role, in this context, of the Management Plans is given, with a focus on the Italian experience.La présentation analyse la corrélation entre la gestion, notamment les activités de coordination dans le cadre territorial d'un site du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO, et la formation à différents niveaux (la formation professionnelle, ainsi que la formation politique et de gestion) et les éléments qui résultent de cette relation. Dans ce contexte, une analyse détaillée du rôle des plans de gestion est donnée, avec une attention particulière sur l'expérience italienne.عرض يحلل العلاقة بين الإدارة، ومن ضمنها أنشطة التنسيق في إطار الإقليمية لاحد مواقع التراث العالمي لليونسكو، والتكوين على مختلف المستويات (التكوين المهني والتدريب والإدارة السياسية للتسيير) والاعضاء الناتجة عن هذه العلاقة. و في هذا السياق، يعطى تحليل مفصل لدور مخططات التسيير الإدارية، مع التركيز على التجربة الإيطالية
Challenges for the International Tourism Industry in Japan – An Agent for Economic Recovery and Development
Get PDFJapan’s successful bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo is expected to bring a windfall to the tourism industry with an increasing number of visitors coming from abroad. Taking advantage of this opportunity to develop the newly-emerging tourism industry will be major task, but one that can significantly impact the future development of the country. The purpose of this paper is to undertake a review of the current situation of international tourism in Japan and examine the problems which may limit the international competitiveness of Japan’s tourism industry. We offer a number of solutions on how to improve tourism quality to better address the expectations of foreign visitors and for Japan to meet the goals of the Tourism Nation Promotion Basic Law (Act No.117 of 2006) which defines the basic plan for “Realizing a Tourism Nation”.Japan’s successful bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo is expected to bring a windfall to the tourism industry with an increasing number of visitors coming from abroad. Taking advantage of this opportunity to develop the newly-emerging tourism industry will be major task, but one that can significantly impact the future development of the country. The purpose of this paper is to undertake a review of the current situation of international tourism in Japan and examine the problems which may limit the international competitiveness of Japan’s tourism industry. We offer a number of solutions on how to improve tourism quality to better address the expectations of foreign visitors and for Japan to meet the goals of the Tourism Nation Promotion Basic Law (Act No.117 of 2006) which defines the basic plan for “Realizing a Tourism Nation”
Facilitators and Inhibitors of Host-Guest Understanding: The case of Lazize (Italy)
Get PDFPast research related to host-guest relations has been heavily influenced by the host-guest paradigm, a binary concept assuming a reciprocal relationship among two clearly distinct communities. Recently scholars have questioned the validity of this notion in a contemporary context, but have not widely succeeded in showing what facilitates/inhibits host-guest understanding. Lazise, a popular holiday destination on the shores Lake Garda/Italy is the case study taken in order to identify and understand facilitators/inhibitors of host-guest understanding through an interpretive approach. The study has resulted in identifying three core themes which facilitate host-guest relations in the context of Lazise, namely romanticization of local lifestyle, self-criticism and perceived authenticity of local culture. Furthermore, two inhibitors for host-guest understanding have been identified, namely lack of cultural sensitivity, and open display of sexual encounters between locals and tourists. The findings are useful for tourism policymakers in Lazise and elsewhere, while a further academic step towards a better understanding of host-guest relations is offered.Past research related to host-guest relations has been heavily influenced by the host-guest paradigm, a binary concept assuming a reciprocal relationship among two clearly distinct communities. Recently scholars have questioned the validity of this notion in a contemporary context, but have not widely succeeded in showing what facilitates/inhibits host-guest understanding. Lazise, a popular holiday destination on the shores Lake Garda/Italy is the case study taken in order to identify and understand facilitators/inhibitors of host-guest understanding through an interpretive approach. The study has resulted in identifying three core themes which facilitate host-guest relations in the context of Lazise, namely romanticization of local lifestyle, self-criticism and perceived authenticity of local culture. Furthermore, two inhibitors for host-guest understanding have been identified, namely lack of cultural sensitivity, and open display of sexual encounters between locals and tourists. The findings are useful for tourism policymakers in Lazise and elsewhere, while a further academic step towards a better understanding of host-guest relations is offered
Italian UNESCO World Heritage: Forms of Protection and Management Experiences
Get PDFItaly, with its 49 sites, it’s the country with the largest number of entries in the List of UNESCO World Heritage and none of them is in the list of properties in danger. The "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" point out, as a prerequisite for the preservation of the values recognized specifically to a site, the existence of an effective system of protection and management. Safeguard and protection are by now issues entrenched in the Italian legislation and administrative practice while the theme of management as a system of synergy and coordination of actions and interests, sometimes conflicting, which affect more or less directly the safeguarding of assets, it is less historically consolidated. The extreme variability of the situations of national UNESCO heritage in terms of site typology, its size, number and typology of those involved in the management, puts each time in the position of having to find the most suitable form of "governance" and, sometimes, supplementary protection measures. The vast and diverse panorama of the UNESCO sites enabled and continually enables to develop and test particular solutions, which in turn can represent reference models.L’Italie, avec ses 49 sites, est le pays ayant le plus grand nombre d'entrées dans la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO et aucun d'eux n'est parmi les biens en péril. Les " Directives opérationnelles pour la mise en œuvre de la Convention du patrimoine mondial " soulignent, comme condition préalable à la préservation des valeurs reconnues spécifiquement à un site, et l'existence d'un système efficace de protection et de gestion. Entretien et protection sont désormais des questions enchâssés dans la législation italienne et la pratique administrative, tandis que le thème de la gestion comme un système de synergie et de coordination des actions et des intérêts, parfois contradictoires, qui touchent plus ou moins directement la protection des biens, est moins historiquement consolidé. L'extrême variabilité des situations du patrimoine national de l'UNESCO en matière de site de typologie, sa taille, le nombre et la typologie des personnes impliquées dans la gestion, laisse exiger à chaque fois trouver la forme la plus appropriée de «gouvernance» et, parfois, des mesures de protection supplémentaires. Le vaste et diversifié panorama des sites de l'UNESCO a permis et permet toujours de développer et de tester des solutions particulières ; ce qui peut représenter des modèles de référence.إيطاليا، بمواقعها اﻠ49، هي الدولة التي لديها أكبر عدد من المداخل في قائمة التراث العالمي لليونسكو وما من واحدة منها هي من بين تلك المعرضة للخطر. وإن "التوجيهات العملية من أجل تنفيذ اتفاقية التراث العالمي "تشير إلى وجود نظام فعال للحماية والإدارة كشرط أساسي للحفاظ على القيم المعترف بها خصيصا لموقع ما. ولقد أصبحت الصيانة والحماية الآن قضيتين مجسدتين في التشريع الإيطالي والممارسات الإدارية، في حين أن موضوع الإدارة كنظام للتآزر وتنسيق الأنشطة والمصالح، المتضاربة أحيانا، والتي تؤثر بطريقة مباشرة نوعا ما على حماية التراث، هو تاريخيا أقل ترسيخا. إن التباين الشديد لحالات التراث الوطني لليونسكو من حيث تصنيف الموقع، وحجمه، وعدد الأشخاص الذين يشاركون في الإدارة ونوعهم، يستلزم، في كل مرة، العثور على الشكل الأنسب "للحكومة"، وأحيانا، على تدابير وقائية إضافية. وإن البانوراما الواسع والمتنوع لمواقع اليونسكو سمح ولا يزال يسمح بتطوير واختبار حلول محددة، والتي بدورها يمكن أن تصبح نماذج مرجعية
A Note on Regional Development, Space-based Policies and Tourism
Get PDFA fil rouge runs through the papers presented in this Issue of the Review: the idea that the tourist development is less and less related to the distinct touristic attractions of a region and more and more to the contest where the tourist attractions lie. Clearly, not every region is suitable for tourist and recreation mission. However, policy makers have several opportunities in order to find the appropriate strategic decisions in tourism planning and to obtain sustainable and smart growth. A fil rouge runs through the papers presented in this Issue of the Review: the idea that the tourist development is less and less related to the distinct touristic attractions of a region and more and more to the contest where the tourist attractions lie. Clearly, not every region is suitable for tourist and recreation mission. However, policy makers have several opportunities in order to find the appropriate strategic decisions in tourism planning and to obtain sustainable and smart growth
Transformation of Frontier National Parks into Tourism Sites. The North Andean Patagonia Experience (1934-1955)
Get PDFTourism policies for peripheral regions of Argentina reinforced the inner-colonialism of the national territories during the period between the 1930 and the 1950 decades. Two models for tourism development (elite and social tourism) were contrasted in the first national park created in South America, the Nahuel Huapi National Park, and its correlated centre San Carlos de Bariloche.The main results obtained were: 1) The cultural landscape and the activity linked to the leisure and free time were used strategically for the citizens’ education; 2) In its beginnings, nature conservation was associated with the imposition of the frontier itself and; 3) Populating policies constituted a problematic factor for the development of tourism.Las políticas turísticas en regiones periféricas de la Argentina reforzaron el colonialismo interno en los territorios nacionales entre las décadas de 1930 y 1950. Se contrastaron dos modelos de desarrollo turístico (élite y turismo social) dentro del primer parque nacional creado en Sudamérica, el Parque Nacional Hahuel Huapi, y su centro turístico asociado San Carlos de Bariloche. Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron: 1) El paisaje cultural y la actividad ligada al ocio y el tiempo libre se utilizaron con un fin estratégico nacional para la educación de los ciudadanos; 2) En sus inicios, la conservación de la naturaleza se asociaba con la imposición de la frontera y; 3) Las políticas de poblamiento constituían un factor problemático para el desarrollo del turismo