Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Fertility in Austria: Past, Present and the Near Future
No full textIn the European context Austria’s population has a tradition of lowfertility. Between the world wars of the 20th century Austria had the lowestfertility in Europe. It recovered most notably during the 1950s and early 1960s,but has been declining ever since. Contemporary childbearing trends and patternsare characterised by a continuing delay in childbearing which started with womenborn in the late 1940s. Women born during the 1970s had lower fertility than anyprevious cohorts. Whether they were postponing their births and/or many of themdeciding not to have any children remains to be seen. In the cohorts of the mid- tolate 1960s only about three-quarters of all women had a first birth and aroundone-quarter of Austrian women remained childless. This is one of the highestknown proportions of childless women in Europe. At the turn of the century idealand actual expected family size were among the lowest in Europe, 1.7 and 1.5children per couple, respectively. Childbearing behaviour of its young inhabitantssuggests that Austria will reassume the tradition of having one of the lowestfertility levels in Europe during the initial years, possibly decades, of the 21stcentury. If these low fertility levels were to persist, a considerable decline inpopulation size as well as rapid population ageing are inevitable implying theneed for societal and policy adjustments
Understanding the Genesis of a Multi-Layered Byzantine Manuscript. The Illuminated Copy of Elias of Crete’s Commentary on Gregory Nazianzen (Basel, UB, AN I 8). Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik|Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 70. Band|
No full textIt has been widely agreed that the manuscript Basel, UB, AN I 8, featuring the second part of Elias of Crete’scommentary to the “unread” homilies of Gregory Nazianzen, was decorated with an impressive set of full-page illuminationsserving as frontispieces to each commentary in a second phase, sometime after the text and initial portraits had been copied.Karin Krause’s recent and well-documented article called for a re-examination of this book’s genetic history. The study herefocuses on several of its most surprising features, offering a fresh look and a hopefully more plausible explanation for theorigin and production process of these images
The mathematics of the reproduction number R for Covid-19: A primer for demographers. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research|Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2022|
No full textSupplementary FilesData Set (Excel)Data Set (DTA)The reproduction number R is a key indicator used to monitor the dynamics of Covid-19 and to assess the effects of infection control strategies that frequently have high social and economic costs. Despite having an analog in demography’s “net reproduction rate” that has been routinely computed for a century, demographers may not be familiar with the concept and measurement of R in the context of Covid-19. This article is intended to be a primer for understanding and estimating R in demography. We show that R can be estimated as a ratio between the numbers of new cases today divided by the weighted average of cases in previous days. We present two alternative derivations for these weights based on how risks have changed over time: constant vs. exponential decay. We then provide estimates of these weights, and demonstrate their use in calculating R to trace the course of the first pandemic year in 53 countries
(13) Prozessrechtlicher Kommentar zur „Strafstele“ aus Epidauros
No full textEine lang bekannte, aber erst 2020 publizierte „Bauinschrift“ aus dem 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. berichtet über Verhängung von Geldbußen und Einnahmen von Geldzahlungen. Sie erfährt im vorliegenden Beitrag einen juristischen Kommentar. Neue Erkenntnisse bringt der Fall des Elfenbeinschnitzers Pasiteles aus Hermione: Er wird wegen Diebstahls des Materials verklagt, Amtsträger aus Epidauros stellen eine Hausdurchsuchung in seiner Heimatpolis an, eine Gerichtsversammlung fällt ein „Beweisurteil“, wonach er sich freischwören könne, er flieht aus Epidauros, schließlich wird sein dort greifbares Vermögen beschlagnahmt und versteigert; der Rest der nicht einbringlichen Bußzahlung wird nach ca. 20 Jahren bei seinem Sohn in Hermione eingetrieben. Bisher war nicht bekannt, dass die archaischen Rechtseinrichtungen der Hausdurchsuchung und des Reinigungseides in hellenistischer Zeit noch praktiziert wurden, wenn auch in modernisierter Form
Das Problem der „Schutzklausel“ in P.Giss. I 40 Kol. I, 8–9. Antwort auf Gerhard Thür. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textThe Function of Witnesses in Athenian Law Courts. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textIn this paper I challenge the view that the main function of Athenianwitnesses was to show support for the litigant for whom they were testifying. I arguethat (like today) witnesses were called to confirm facts in the case and there is noevidence that they only lent their support to the litigant. I also argue that witnesseswere not required to use “formulaic” expressions in their testimony
Analysis of Inequalities in Waiting Time at the Visit to the Physician using the Regression Modeling for Duration Data
No full textWhen we visit our physician, we usually have to wait for a more or less longduration until we are called into the doctors’ office. This study revealsinequalities in the waiting time at the visit to the general practitioner byusing multiplicative intensity regression analysis, which is frequently usedfor modeling time to event data. In general, people with higher educationhave a higher efficiency to reduce waiting time. Further, Austrians show ahigher efficiency than foreigners. With regard to health-related factors,those with better health and less frequent consultations have also a higherefficiency to reduce waiting time. It also matters where people live. Thoseliving in rural areas in general wait longer, and furthermore, the longer thejourney from home to the doctors’ practice takes, the longer is the waitingtime
Die Apostolische Kanzlei und der Romaufenthalt Friedrichs III.. Römische Historische Mitteilungen|Römische Historische Mitteilungen 63|
No full textThe Apostolic Chancery issued numerous documents for those who were involved in Frederick III’s journey to Rome for his coronation as emperor. This study focuses on the analysis of these documents, which will be carried out based on the Repertorium Germanicum and the original documents digitalized on Monasterium.net. The study’s results deliver three important observations: first of all, the dominant opinion that Frederick III’s coronation was not accompanied by any papal indult cannot be sustained. Secondly, the fact that a high number of documents were issued by the Curia can be seen as part of the strategy put in place in order to consolidate the restored unity of the Church. Thirdly, a thorough analysis of the entries contained in the Curia’s registries makes it possible to identify the names of some hitherto unknown participants of the Romzug. Moreover, these documents provide evidence of the fact that some participants took advantage of the Romzug to obtain personal benefits concerning their own spiritual issues or the spiritual needs of their relatives and subordinates. The bishop of Gurk is a prime example. In fact, Johannes Schallermann submitted a vast collective supplication for his diocese’s members and for other people closely related to him. The analysis of the widely scattered original documents shows that not all documents issued by the Apostolic Chancery were recorded in the Curia and that there are not only many documents missing in the series of registries dating back to the time of Pope Nicholas V., but also gaps among the Registra Vaticana caused by the loss of several volumes
